有機(jī)化學(xué)課后習(xí)題答案南開大學(xué)版4炔烴和二烯烴

第四章炔烴和二烯烴1.（3）（4）為共軛化合物。CH3HCH2CH2CH=CH2HHCH2CH2CH=CH2C=CH(1)C=CCH3順-1,5-庚二烯反-1,5-庚二烯CH3HCH2CCHHCH2CCHC=CH(2)C=CHCH3順-4-己烯-1-炔反--4-己烯-1-炔H3CCH3HCH3HCH3HC=CC=CH(3)HC=CC=CHH3CCH3(2Z,4E)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯(2E,4E)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯H3CHCH3HHCH3HC=CHC=CH3CCH3HCH3C=CC=C(2Z,4Z)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯(2E,4Z)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯2、下列化合物CH3與1mol溴反應(yīng)生成的主要產(chǎn)物是什么？CH3CCHCH2CH=CH2BrBr(2)CH3CHCHCH2CCHBrBr(1)(3)(4)CH3CH=CHCHCH2CH3CHCH=CHCH2BrBrBrBrCH3CH=CHCH=CHCHCH2BrBrCH3CH=CHCHCH=CHCH2BrBrCH3CHCH=CHCH=CHCH2BrBrCH3(5)CH2CCH=CH2BrBrCH3CH2C=CHCH2BrBr3、寫出下列化合物的構(gòu)造式或命名：CH3CH3(1)HCCCHCH2CHCH2CH3(2)CH3CCCH2CH2CH3(3)2-仲丁基-1-戊烯-3-炔(4)CH2=CHCCCH=CH21HHCH3HC=CCH3C(CH3)3C=C(6)(5)4,7-二甲基-6-乙基-4-辛烯-2-炔4.用反應(yīng)式表示1-丁炔與下列試劑的反應(yīng)：CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2C=CHBrBr(1)(2)CH3CH2CH2CH3(3)(6)ClCH3CH2CCH3ClBrBrCl(4)CH3CH2CCHBrBr(5)CH3CH2C=CH2OCH3CH2CCH3(7)(8)CH3CH2CCAg(9)CH3CH2CCNa(10)CH3CH2CCCH2CH3(11)CH3CH2COOH+CO2(12)CH3CH2COOH+CO25.用1,3-丁二烯代替1-丁炔進(jìn)行反應(yīng):CH3CH2CH=CH2+CH3CH=CHCH3(2)CH3CH2CH2CH3(1)(3)CH3CH2C=CHBrBrCH2CH=CHCH2(4)+CH2CHCHCH2BrBrBrBrBrBrClCH3CHCHCH3+CH3CHCH2CH2(5)CH3CHCH=CH2+CH3CH=CHCH2Cl(6)ClClClCl（7）（8）（9）（10）不反應(yīng)(11)HCHO+OHCCHOCO2HOOCCOOH+(12)6.（1）乙炔氫化到乙烯的△H=314-137=177kJ/mol。（2）炔烴相對(duì)于烯烴的穩(wěn)定性比烯烴相對(duì)于烷烴的穩(wěn)定性好，甲基自由基加到乙炔比加到乙烯上慢，因?yàn)楹笳咝纬傻闹虚g體（自由基）穩(wěn)定性好。（3）自由基的穩(wěn)定性更重要。7.（1）寫出下列化合物的共振式：a.CH2=CHCH=OCH2CH=CHOb.CH3OCH=CH2CH3O=CHCH2（2）b與溴化氫加成的主要產(chǎn)物為：BrCH3OCHCH32CH2CH2CH3CCCH38.A:CH3CH3CH39.(1)C=C(2)CH3CCCH2CH3CH3CH3CH3(3)CHC=CHC=CH2CH3CHC=CCH=CH2或33CH3(4)或O10.不褪色褪色Ag(NH3)2+褪色褪色正戊烷OO2-戊烯無(wú)沉淀無(wú)沉淀Br/CCl241,3-戊二烯無(wú)沉淀苯沉淀沉淀1-戊炔11.完成下列轉(zhuǎn)化：ClClHClHI(1)CH3CCHCH3C=CH2CH3CCH3INaNH2Br2CH3CHCH2BrKOHCH3CCHBr(2)CH3CH=CH2CH3CC-Na+醇CH3CH2CH2CH3Lindlar/H2C=CHHHCH3CH2CH2CH2BrCH3CCCH2CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3Na/NH3(l)C=CCH3HOCH3CH2CCH3HgSO4H2SO4(3)CH3CH2CCH+H2ONBS12.(1)CH2=CH(CH2)5CH3CH2=CHCH(CH2)4CH3CH2CH=CH(CH2)4CH3HBr自由基加成的中間體為乙烯基型的自由基，產(chǎn)生p-π共