短文改錯(cuò)綜合答題技巧

第六十講短文改錯(cuò)綜合答題技巧一學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧二考點(diǎn)解析一、短文改錯(cuò)解題“6要訣”1．左顧右盼查名詞考生應(yīng)注意搜尋名詞本身出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，還要看該名詞前面是否缺限定詞、該用何種限定詞，尤其要查名詞前冠詞的使用情況。當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)更要加倍注意。[單句改錯(cuò)]①(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.分析：knowledge為不可數(shù)名詞，不能用復(fù)數(shù)。故knowledges改為knowledge。②(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.分析：城市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活對(duì)比，此處特指鄉(xiāng)村，故應(yīng)在countryside前加the。2．與時(shí)俱進(jìn)查動(dòng)詞考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用是否正確，是否應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。尤其要根據(jù)上下文所提供的時(shí)間信息，仔細(xì)推敲，從而確定正確的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。同時(shí)還需要考慮主謂一致與虛擬語(yǔ)氣。[單句改錯(cuò)]①(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.分析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形，chose的原形是choose。故把chose改為choose。②(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.分析：這兩句話是回憶童年的事情，因此應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故把think改為thought。3．起承轉(zhuǎn)合查連詞考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是并列句或復(fù)合句，要特別注意前后分句或主從句的關(guān)系，確保在意義和結(jié)構(gòu)上通順流暢。[單句改錯(cuò)]①(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusedforcooking.分析：freshvegetables與highqualityoil是并列關(guān)系，不是選擇關(guān)系，故將or改為and。②(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney. 分析：itiscomfortable與noneedtospendmoney為并列關(guān)系，并非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)將but改為and。4．文通理順查邏輯考生應(yīng)特別關(guān)注文章的“文通理順”，“文通”指行文合乎英文詞法、句法；“理順”指行文邏輯符合人們普遍認(rèn)可的道理。[單句改錯(cuò)]①(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetowhereIlive...Instead,hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteadily. 分析：由“Myuncleistheownerofarestaurant...”可知，餐館是“我”叔叔的，故將our改為his。②(2015·浙江高考)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundit.Fartherinthedistance,Icouldnotenjoytheviewofsnowymountains. 分析：根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，從遠(yuǎn)處可以看到雪山。故將could后的not去掉。5．搭配之中查介詞英語(yǔ)中很多短語(yǔ)和固定搭配都是與介詞構(gòu)成的，短文改錯(cuò)中介詞的考查具有舉足輕重的地位。考生應(yīng)特別關(guān)注短語(yǔ)或固定搭配中的介詞搭配。[單句改錯(cuò)]①(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.分析：dreamofdoingsth.是固定搭配，意為“夢(mèng)想做某事”，故dreams后加of。②(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately,onthedevelopmentofindustrialization,theenvironmenthasbeenpolluted.分析：句意：隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，環(huán)境被污染了。with表示“隨著”，符合題意。故將on改為with。6．一見(jiàn)形、副思轉(zhuǎn)換遇到形容詞、副詞時(shí)，考生應(yīng)考慮它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。無(wú)論是短文改錯(cuò)還是語(yǔ)法填空，形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換都是經(jīng)?？疾榈?。[單句改錯(cuò)]①(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady. 分析：grow在此是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞并非連系動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。故steady改為steadily。②(2014·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost！ 分析：修飾名詞tomatoes應(yīng)該用形容詞形式，而不能用副詞，故將wonderfully改為wonderful。二、短文改錯(cuò)解題“4步走”1．通讀全文，了解大意。注意語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和行文邏輯。切忌在不了解文章大意的情況下，逐字逐行地進(jìn)行修改。2．先易后難，縮小范圍。在通讀全文的過(guò)程中，可以先把文中明顯的錯(cuò)誤找出來(lái)改正，然后再根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境，仔細(xì)分析判斷，將注意力集中在較難的句子上。3．把握句意，逐行判斷?？梢罁?jù)以下口訣判斷：動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)，注意形和副；非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別，習(xí)慣用法要記??；句子結(jié)構(gòu)多分析，邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。4．再次通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。把大部分錯(cuò)誤改正之后，如果還有拿不準(zhǔn)的地方，就應(yīng)再次通讀全文，并利用語(yǔ)感來(lái)做最后的判斷。三、短文改錯(cuò)解題“4原則”1．改動(dòng)處以最少為原則。短文改錯(cuò)題要求每句最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤。改動(dòng)的方法可以是增詞、刪詞或換詞，但無(wú)論作何種改動(dòng)，只能是增加一詞、減少一詞或?qū)⒁粋€(gè)詞改成另一個(gè)詞。2．實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則。在短文改錯(cuò)題中，一般只是改變實(shí)詞的形式，而不能改變實(shí)詞的詞義，也不能將其改換成另一個(gè)實(shí)詞，更不能隨便增刪。3．虛詞以添加或刪除為原則。歷年的短文改錯(cuò)題中需要添加或刪除的地方差不多有2至3處。這些需要添、刪的詞一般都是虛詞(如冠詞、介詞等)，不是實(shí)詞(如動(dòng)詞、名詞等)，否則會(huì)改變句子的原意。4．以保持句子原意不變?yōu)樵瓌t。做短文改錯(cuò)題時(shí)，一般不應(yīng)改變句子原意。改錯(cuò)時(shí)，應(yīng)該針對(duì)短文中的用詞錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、邏輯錯(cuò)誤加以改正，不應(yīng)更改作者的原意，做到“換詞不改意，加詞不增意，去詞不減意”。如有多種改法，應(yīng)以保持原意為條件，擇其佳者而從之。[課堂鞏固訓(xùn)練]What'syourattitudetoAprilFool'sDay?Asurveyhasdoneinourschoolanditshowsthattherearethreedifferentopinion.About40%ofthestudentsthoughtitfuntohavesuchaspeciallydaytoplayjokesoneachother.Besides,itaddsmanypleasuretoourschoollife.Atthesametime,wecantakethischancetotestthatourclassmatesarecleverenough.But30%ofusdon'tlikethedaybecauseeverythingthatseemsindisorderandyoudon'tknowwhomtobelieveorhowtodo.Furthermore,mostjokesareboringandsomeevengotoofar,buttheyoftencausetroubleoranger.Therestthinkpeoplejustplayjokes;don'ttooserious.答案：第二句：has后加been;opinion→opinions第三句：thought→think;specially→special第四句：many→much第五句：that→whether/if第六句：去掉that;how→what第七句：but→so第八句：don't后加be三練習(xí)題AIwasrecenttoldthatlisteningtoloudmusicisgradually1.______makingpeoplehardofhearing.I'msureithasalreadybeen2.______happenedtomyneighbor.Foryearsshehasturnedadeaf3.______eartomyrequeststoturnherradiodown.Whenshegavea4.______partysheisn'thavetoinvitetherestofthestreet.Everyone5.______candanceinhermusicinhisownroom.Nowascientisthas6.______discoveredacertainelectronicsoundshavestrangeeffectson7.______rats.Hedeclarestheybreakdown,almostparalyze(癱)with8.______legstrembled.Thenitissimplyamatterofthrowingthem9.______outbytheirtail.Iwonderifthesamethingwillhappento10._____myneighborsomeday.BDearRalph,I'maseniorstudent.Ihavebeinlovewithaboyforthree1.______years.Butheisashyboy,soIwrotehimaletterfirstly2.______toexpressmyfeeling.Andhewroteback.Inhisletter3.______hesaid,"Wearestudents.Ourtaskisstudy.Letuswait4.______toseeuntilwehaveanychanceaftergraduation."So5.______aftergraduationItelephonedtohim,askinghimabout6.______goout.Buthesaidhedidn'twantto.Hejust7.______wantedtosleepandwatchedTV.8.______WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Doyouthink9.______IshouldcontinuetolovehimandgiveupSheila?10.______CBeforeleavingtheclass,theteacher,MissWhite,saidtoherclass,"Don'tleaveyour[seats.Readyourbooksonyourselves.You1._____wouldstudyhardandbegoodstudents."Assoonastheteacherwentaway,theclassroombecomingnoisy.Oneboydrewapictureoftheteacherontheblackboard.Anotherboybegantomakefacejusttomaketheotherstudentstolaugh.Theboy6._____puthisfingerclosetohismouthandtelltheclassthatMissWhiteiscomingback.AllthestudentssatdowntheirseatsandtheclassroomDOncetherelivedaboywasveryfondofreading.Buthewassopoortobuyanylivedfaraway.Theboyalwaystriedhardtofinishreadthebooksandreturnedthemtotheownerwithinthegivingtime.Sotherichmanwasreadylendinghimanyofthebookshewantedthem.In