直接引語(yǔ)向間接引語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換

賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi):that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是陳述意義時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)。that在從句中不作成分，也沒(méi)有意義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：Heknewthatheshouldstudyhard..whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”時(shí)用whether或if引導(dǎo)，一般情況下可以互換。他們?cè)诰渲胁蛔鞒煞?，但有疑?wèn)意義。從句須用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Iaskedif/whethertheywouldwin.特殊疑問(wèn)句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要在從句中作一定的成分，如主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等，表示疑問(wèn)意義。連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,which等，連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how等。此類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Idon'tknowwhathewants. Couldyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，變成賓語(yǔ)從句后，疑問(wèn)詞仍然是原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞，只是語(yǔ)序變成了陳述句語(yǔ)序。但當(dāng)連接詞既是引導(dǎo)詞又是從句中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，特殊疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序不變。如：Iwanttoknowwhocananswerthisquestion.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1?當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不受影響，可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：IknowthathewillleaveChinatomorrow.當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句須使用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。但當(dāng)動(dòng)詞所表示的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作在引述時(shí)仍然在繼續(xù)時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的限制，而要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。如:Hesaidheistwenty.賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象等時(shí)，無(wú)論主句為何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.疑難點(diǎn)一:否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,guess‘suppose等，主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定詞通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句的動(dòng)詞。此類(lèi)句子的附加問(wèn)句部分與賓語(yǔ)從句一致，用肯定形式。如：Idon'tbelieveheisastudent,ishe?疑難點(diǎn)二:if和whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用whether不用if。如：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.whether后可與ornot直接連用，但if不能。如果是whether...ornot,也可以說(shuō)if...ornot，但習(xí)慣上還是用whether?如:Idon'tcarewhether/iftheworkwilltakelongornot.TellmewhetherornotIshouldinviteNickandhiswife.少數(shù)動(dòng)詞如leave,put,discuss后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。如：Theyarediscussingwhethertheyshouldputupanotice.疑難點(diǎn)三:形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句一些形容詞之后所接的從句也是賓語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)形容詞有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,sorry等。如：I'mgladthatyou'vehelpedmealot.疑難點(diǎn)四:需要it代替的賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置.如：ShethoughtitapitythatImissedthechance.疑難點(diǎn)五:賓語(yǔ)從句中that不能省略的情況從句的主語(yǔ)為that/this或this/that作從句主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：Hesaysthatthatisaveryinterestingnovel.從句前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：Itsays,onthecard,thatitismadeinChina.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以省略第一個(gè)that，其他的不能省略。如：Ibelievethatyouhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.it作形式賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句后置時(shí)。女口：Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:Hetoldmethathewouldputsomesignsontheenvelope.介詞except,but等后接的賓語(yǔ)從句不能省略that.如：Hisarticleisverygoodexceptthatthereareonlyafewunfitsentences.直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)1?句式的變化：(1)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，變成間接引語(yǔ)要用that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，that可以省略。當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為sayto時(shí)，在間接引語(yǔ)中要變?yōu)閠ell。直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，變成間接引語(yǔ)要用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為say時(shí)，在間接引語(yǔ)中要變?yōu)閍sk。直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，變成間接引語(yǔ)要用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要改為不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主句中動(dòng)詞為say，間接引語(yǔ)中按照語(yǔ)氣分別用asksb/tellsb/ordersb...(not)todosth.2?時(shí)態(tài)的變化：與賓語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化一致。注意：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，may，must，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用could，might，hadto。3?人稱(chēng)的變化：變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)代詞要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行變化。A.直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。B.直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱(chēng)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的主語(yǔ)與主句的賓語(yǔ)保持一致C.直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)一般不變。4?其他部分的變化地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)指示代詞：動(dòng)詞：練習(xí)：一.把下列句子改為間接引語(yǔ)。“Whereareyougoingtospendyourholiday?”Tonyaskedme.Marysaidtothem,“Iwantsomecoffee.”“I'mreadingthisbook,”saidHelen.Theoldmansaid,“I'llplanttheseflowersinthegardentomorrow.”“Don'ttakeoffyourcoat,”shesaidtohersister.Mothersaidtome,“Willyoustayathomeorplaywithyourclassmate?”7.HesaidtoJohn,“Whenareyoustarting?”Heaskedus,“DoyouknowJohn?”IaskedtheChineseteacher,“Istheregoingtobeasoccergamethisweekend?”Theysaid,“Wepreferjazztorockmusic.”二.把下列句子改為直接引語(yǔ)。1.Theytoldmehewaslilei'sfather.IsaidthatIcouldn'tspeakEnglishwell.Thedoctoraskedhimifhewasfeelingbetterthatday.Theteacheraskedherwhyhehadsomanystrangequestions.Heaskedmewhatdaythatdaywas.Theytoldhertositdownandkeepquiet.Shesayssheissuretowinnexttime.ItoldhimthatwecouldgetalotofinformationontheInternet.Theysaidhehadsomethingimportanttosay.Thedoctortoldhershehadtodrinkmorewater.一.單選題1.Doyouknow lastnight? Sorry,Idon'tknow.ButIthinkheshouldgotobedearlybecausehewillhaveanEnglishexamthisafternoon.whenhegoestobedwhendidhegotobedI'mnotinterestedin ornot.whethertheybelieveinmeC.ifdotheybelieveinmeMyparentstoldme .itwasnevertoolatetolearnC.thatitisnevertoolatetolearnIcan'ttell .whichonemybrotherlikebestC.whichonedoesmybrotherlikebest5. hissongsaresopopular?whenhewenttobedD.whendoeshegotobedB.iftheybelieveinmewhetherwilltheybelieveinmeifitisnevertoolatetolearnD.thatisitnevertoolatetolearnwhichonemybrotherlikesbestD.whichonedoesmybrotherlikesbestWhydoyouthink D.whatdoyouthink6.Thepoliceaskedthechild sothathecouldtakehimhome.wheredidheliveB.wherehelivedhowhelived D.howdidheliveLook,hereismynewmobilephone.---It'sverynice.Couldyoutellme ?howmuchisitB.howmuchitisC.howmuchdoesitcostD.howmuchitwillcost8.LiuMing'smotherwantedtoknow .ifhestudiedhardatschool B.wherehestudiedatschoolC.whatdidhestudyatschoolD.ifhedidstudyhardatschool9.Ididn'tunderstand ,soIraisedmyhandtoask.whatmyteachersaysC.whatmyteachersaidwhatmyteachersaysC.whatmyteachersaid25.Doyouknow now?---InthePeople'sHotel.whereisTomworkingC.whereTomisworkingwhatdoesmyteachersaywhatdidmyteachersaywheredidTomworkwhereTomworked26.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow A.whatshouldIchoosewhichshouldIchooseA.whatshouldIchoosewhichshouldIchoose27.Iwassurprisedat .A.whatheissayingwhatdidhesay28.It'ssodark.Ican'tfindout A.if；and B.that；andwhichIshouldchoosewhatIshouldchoosewhathesaidwhatsaidheit'saboy agirl.either；or D.whether；or29.Canyousee ?---No.Let'sgoandhavealook.Maybewecanhelpthem.A.whatishappeningthereB.whataretheydoingtherewhatwashappeningthere D.whataretheytalkingthere30.Don'tyoubelieve tothemoonbyspaceship?A.thatmandidflyB.howdidthemanflyC.ifmanflyD.whethermanflyA.allhaveB.haveallDoeshetellyouA.allhaveB.haveallDoeshetellyou ?A.hehappenedwhatC.whathehappenedHeaskedme .A.whatwasthematterwithmeC.whatthematteriswithhimC.tohaveall D.alltohavewhatdidhehappenD.whathappenedtohimwhatisthematterwithhimwhatthematterwaswithhimItsays,onthebox, itisglassandheavy.A.ifB.whyC.thatD.whetherHesays isaninterestingbook.A.thatthatB./C.whether D.thatifDoyouknowif backnextweek?Ifhe back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes；A.hecomes；willcomewillhecomes；comeshewillcome；hewillcome；comeswillhecomes；willcomePleaseaskourteacher B.whereshallweliveD.whatisherfatherB.whereshallweliveD.whatisherfatherwhyshedidthatfor38.Wedon'tthinkheisgoodatEnglish， ?A.doweB.don'tweC.isheD.isn'the39.Hedoesn'tthinkIwillcomewithyou, ?A.doesheB.doesn'theC.willheD.won'the40.Couldyoutellme ---I'mnotsure.A.howmanypeoplehavebeenoutofhospital B.whenThanksgivingDaywhichanimaldoeshelikebest D.whattimewillthedolphinshowstart41.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25 ChristmasDay.A.isB.was C.hasbeen D.were42.Iwonder youwouldliketocometotheparty.A.thatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhether43.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey ameetingtoday.A.had B.has C.willhaveD.areA.whosepenisitC.whosepenitis45.Idon'tthink I A.if；canworkC.that；canwork46.Sheisafraid he___A.that；willcatchC.whether；willcatch二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子1.我想我應(yīng)該和她談?wù)?。Ithink __B.whosepenitwasD.whosepenwasitonthefarm.B.how；willworkwhen；willwork_coldatnight.B.that；catchesD.if；catches__ withher.2.杰克說(shuō)他有很重要的事情要做。Jacksaidthathe todo.他問(wèn)我這本書(shū)是否值得讀。Heaskedme __我只知道她當(dāng)時(shí)在西方一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書(shū)。Ionlyknewshe country.我認(rèn)為瑪麗贏不了比賽。I thematch.有時(shí)這位母親不知道她的兒子最需要什么。Sometimesthemotherdoesn'tknow ___抱歉我遲到了。I'msorry .她告訴我說(shuō)她可以自己完成這項(xiàng)工作。Shetoldmeshe herself.我不知道你對(duì)不對(duì)。Idon'tknow ornot.經(jīng)理已明確指出你的想法不能實(shí)現(xiàn)。Themanagermade youridea impossible.我不清楚他是否打算去北京。Iwasnotsure toBeijing.你能告訴我你怎么解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？Canyoutellme theproblem?完形填空Ourneighborhoodusedtobeveryquiet.However,thesedays, thingsarehappeninginourneighborhoodandeveryoneisunhappy.ZhaoJun,thelocalschoolteacherisextremely .Whenhewasinterviewedbythelocalnewspaper,hesaid“,Everynightwehearstrangenoises ourwindow.Mywifethinksthatiscouldbean___,butmyfriendsandIthinkitmustbeteenagershaving___.Myparentscalledthepolice,buttheycan't___anythingstrange.Theythinkitmightbethe___.Idon'tthinkso!”ZhaoJun'snextdoorneighborXiangDanis___,too“.Atfirst,Ithoughtitmightbeacat,butIcan'tseeacat,andIstillhearthenoisesoutside.”Everyoneinourneighborhoodisworried,andeveryonehashisorherown___.Theremustbesomething___thehomesinourneighborhood,butwhatisit？1.A.interestingB.excitingC.strangeD.terrible2.A.worriedB.pleasedC.satisfiedD.relaxed3.A.ofB.outsideC.fromD.inside4.A.actorB.accidentC.objectD.animal5.A.troubleB.funC.lessonsD.spo