數(shù)據(jù)庫重要術(shù)語(中英文)

單詞匯總（數(shù)據(jù)庫專業(yè)一點的詞匯其實主要就是每章后面reviewitems的內(nèi)容，在這里簡單列一下，如果你實在沒時間看書，至少這些單詞要認(rèn)識。）：數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)：databasesystem(DS),databasemanagementsystem(DBMS)數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)（DS），數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）關(guān)系和關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫table=relation，column=attribute屬性，domain,atomicdomain,row=tuple，relationaldatabase,relationschema,relationinstance,databaseschema,databaseinstance;表=關(guān)系，列=屬性屬性，域，原子域，排=元組，關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫，關(guān)系模式，關(guān)系實例，數(shù)據(jù)庫模式，數(shù)據(jù)庫實例;key們:superkey,candidatekey,primarykey,foreignkey,referencingrelation,referencedrelation;超碼，候選碼，主碼，外碼，參照關(guān)系，被參照關(guān)系關(guān)系代數(shù)(relationalalgebra)：selection,project,naturaljoin,Cartesianproduct,setoperations,union,intersect,setdifference(except\minus),Rename,assignment,outerjoin,grouping,tuplerelationcalculus（關(guān)系代數(shù)）：選擇，項目，自然連接，笛卡爾積，集合運(yùn)算，集，交集，集合差（除\負(fù)），重命名，分配，外連接，分組，元組關(guān)系演算sql組成：DDL：數(shù)據(jù)庫模式定義語言，關(guān)鍵字：createDML：數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言，關(guān)鍵字：Insert、delete、updateDCL：數(shù)據(jù)庫控制語言，關(guān)鍵字：grant、removeDQL：數(shù)據(jù)庫查詢語言，關(guān)鍵字：selectSQL語言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，sqlquerystructure,aggregatefunctions,nestedsubqueries,exists(asanoperator),unique(asanoperator),scalarsubquery,assertion,index(indices),catalogs,authorization,allprivileges,granting,revoking,grantoption,trigger,storedprocedure,storedfunctionSQL語言：DDL，DML，DCL，QL，SQL查詢結(jié)構(gòu)，聚合函數(shù)，嵌套子查詢，存在（如運(yùn)營商），獨特的（如運(yùn)營商），標(biāo)量子查詢，斷言指數(shù)（指數(shù)），目錄，授權(quán)，所有權(quán)限，授予，撤銷，GRANTOPTION，觸發(fā)器，存儲過程，存儲函數(shù)表結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)：Integrityconstraints,domainconstraints,referentialintegrityconstraints完整性約束，域名約束，參照完整性約束數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計(ER模型)：Entity-Relationshipdatamodel,ERdiagram,compositeattribute,single-valuedandmultivaluedattribute,derivedattribute,binaryrelationshipset,degreeofrelationshipset,mappingcardinality,1-1,1-m,m-nrelationshipset(onetoone,onetomany,manytomany),participation,partialortotalparticipation,weakentitysets,discriminatorattributes,specializationandgeneralization實體關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型，ER圖，復(fù)合屬性，單值和多值屬性，派生屬性，二元關(guān)系集，關(guān)系集，映射基數(shù)的程度，1-1，1-米，MN關(guān)系集合（一對一，一對多，多對多），參與部分或全部參與，弱實體集，分辨符屬性，特化和概化函數(shù)依賴?yán)碚摚篺unctionaldependence,normalization,losslessjoin(orlossless)decomposition,FirstNormalForm(1NF),thethirdnormalform(3NF),Boyce-coddnormalform(BCNF),RsatisfiesF,FholdsonR,Dependencypreservation保持依賴,Trivial,closureofasetoffunctionaldependencies函數(shù)依賴集的閉包,closureofasetofattributes屬性集閉包,Armstrong’saxiomsArmstrong公理,reflexivityrule自反律,augmentationrule，增廣率,transitivity傳遞律,restrictionofFtoRi，F(xiàn)在Ri上的限定，canonicalcover正則覆蓋,extraneousattributes無關(guān)屬性,decompositionalgorithm分解算法.函數(shù)依賴，規(guī)范化，無損連接（或無損）分解，第一范式（1NF），第三范式（3NF）BC范式（BCNF），R滿足F，F(xiàn)持有R，依賴保存，平凡，一組函數(shù)依賴封閉，一組屬性，事務(wù)：transition,ACIDpropertiesACID特性,并發(fā)控制系統(tǒng)concurrencycontrolsystem,故障恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)recoverysystem,事務(wù)狀態(tài)transitionstate,活動的active,部分提交的partiallycommitted,失敗的failed,中止的aborted,提交的committed,已結(jié)束的terminated,調(diào)度schedule,操作沖突conflictofoperations,沖突等價conflictequivalence,沖突可串行化conflictserializablity,可串行化順序serializablityorder,聯(lián)級回滾cascadingrollback,封鎖協(xié)議lockingprotocol,共享（S）鎖shared-modelock(S-lock),排他（X）鎖exclusive-modelock(X-lock),相容性compatibility,兩階段封鎖協(xié)議2-phaselockingprotocol,意向鎖intentionlock,時間戳timestamp,恢復(fù)機(jī)制recoveryscheme,日志log,基于日志的恢復(fù)log-basedrecovery,延遲的修改deferredmodification,立即的修改immediatemodification,檢查點checkpoint.數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)DBSDatabaseSystem數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用Database–systemapplications文件處理系統(tǒng)file-processingsystem數(shù)據(jù)不一致性datainconsistency一致性約束consistencyconstraint數(shù)據(jù)抽象DataAbstraction實例instance模式schema物理模式physicalschema邏輯模式logicalschema物理數(shù)據(jù)獨立性physicaldataindependence數(shù)據(jù)模型datamodel實體-聯(lián)系模型entity-relationshipmodel（E-R）關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)模型relationaldatamodel基于對象的數(shù)據(jù)模型object-baseddatamodel半結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)模型semistructureddatamodel數(shù)據(jù)庫語言databaselanguage數(shù)據(jù)定義語言data-definitionlanguage數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言data-manipulationlanguage查詢語言querylanguage元數(shù)據(jù)metadata應(yīng)用程序applicationprogram規(guī)范化normalization數(shù)據(jù)字典datadictionary存儲管理器storagemanager查詢管理器queryprocessor事務(wù)transaction原子性atomicity故障恢復(fù)failurerecovery并發(fā)控制concurrency-control兩層和三層數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu)two-tier/three-tier數(shù)據(jù)挖掘datamining數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員DBAdatabaseadministrator表table關(guān)系relation元組tuple空值nullvalue數(shù)據(jù)庫模式databaseschema數(shù)據(jù)庫實例databaseinstance關(guān)系模式relationschema關(guān)系實例relationinstance碼keys超碼superkey候選碼candidatekey主碼primarykey外碼foreignkey參照關(guān)系referencingrelation被參照關(guān)系referencedrelation屬性attribute域domain原子域atomicdomain參照完整性約束referentialintegrityconstraint模式圖schemadiagram查詢語言querylanguage過程化語言procedurallanguage非過程化語言nonprocedurallanguage關(guān)系運(yùn)算operationsonrelations選擇元組selectionoftuples選擇屬性selectionofattributes自然連接naturaljoin笛卡爾積Cartesianproduct集合運(yùn)算setoperations關(guān)系代數(shù)relationalalgebraSQL查詢語言SQLquerystructureSelect字句selectclauseFrom字句fromclauseWhere字句whereclause自然連接運(yùn)算naturaljoinoperationAs字句asclauseOrderby字句orderbyclause相關(guān)名稱(相關(guān)變量，元組變量)correlationname（correlationvariable，tuplevariable）集合運(yùn)算setoperationsUnionInterestExcept空值nullvalues真值“unknown”truth“unknown”聚集函數(shù)aggregatefunctionsavg，min，max，sum，countgroupbyhaving嵌套子查詢nestedsubqueries集合比較setcomparisons{《，《=，》，》=}{some，all}existsuniquelateral字句lateralclausewith字句withclause標(biāo)量子查詢scalarsubquery數(shù)據(jù)庫修改databasemodification刪除deletion插入insertion更新updating參照完整性referentialintegrity參照完整性約束referential–integrityconstraint或子集依賴subsetdependency可延遲的deferrable斷言assertion連接類型jointypes內(nèi)連接和外連接innerandouterjoin左外連接、右外連接和全外連接left、rightandfullouterjoinNatural連接條件、using連接條件和on連接條件naturalusingandsoon視圖定義viewdefinition物化視圖materializedviews視圖更新viewupdate事務(wù)transactions提交commitwork回滾rollbackwork原子事務(wù)atomictransaction完整性約束integrityconstraints域約束domainconstraints唯一性約束uniqueconstraintCheck字句checkclause參照完整性referentialintegrity級聯(lián)刪除cascadingdelete級聯(lián)更新cascadingupdates斷言assertions日期和時間類型dateandtimetypes默認(rèn)值defaultvalues索引index大對象largeobject用戶定義類型user-definedtypes域domains目錄catalogs模式schemas授權(quán)authorization權(quán)限privileges選擇select插入insert更新update所有權(quán)限allprivileges授予權(quán)限grantingofprivileges收回權(quán)限r(nóng)evokingofprivileges授予權(quán)限的權(quán)限privilegestoprivilegesGrantoption角色roles視圖授權(quán)authorizationonviews執(zhí)行授權(quán)executeauthorization調(diào)用者權(quán)限invokerprivileges行級授權(quán)row-levelauthorizationJDBCODBC預(yù)備語句preparedstatements訪問元數(shù)據(jù)accessingmetadataSQL注入SQLinjection嵌入式SQLembeddedSQL游標(biāo)cursors可更新的游標(biāo)updatablecursors動態(tài)SQLdynamicSQLSQL函數(shù)SQLfunctions存儲過程storedprocedures過程化結(jié)構(gòu)proceduralconstructs外部語言例程externallanguageroutines觸發(fā)器triggerBefore和after觸發(fā)器beforeandaftertriggers過渡變量和過渡表transitionvariablesandtables遞歸查詢recursivequeries單調(diào)查詢monotonicqueries排名函數(shù)rankingfunctionsRankDenserankPartitionby分窗windowing聯(lián)機(jī)分析處理（OLAP）onlineanalyticalprocessing多維數(shù)據(jù)multidimensionaldata度量屬性measureattributes維屬性dimensionattributes轉(zhuǎn)軸pivoting數(shù)據(jù)立方體datacube切片和切塊slicinganddicing上卷和下鉆rollupanddrilldown交叉表cross-tabulation第七章實體-聯(lián)系數(shù)據(jù)模型Entity-relationshipdatamodel實體和實體集entityandentityset屬性attribute域domain簡單和復(fù)合屬性simpleandcompositeattributes單值和多值屬性single-valuedandmultivaluedattributes空值nullvalue派生屬性derivedattribute超碼、候選碼以及主碼superkey,candidatekey,andprimarykey聯(lián)系和聯(lián)系集relationshipandrelationshipset二元聯(lián)系集binaryrelationshipset聯(lián)系集的度degreeofrelationshipset描述性屬性descriptiveattributes超碼、候選碼以及主碼superkey,candidatekey,andprimarykey角色role自環(huán)聯(lián)系集recursiverelationshipsetE-R圖E-Rdiagram映射基數(shù)mappingcardinality一對一聯(lián)系one-to-onerelationship一對多聯(lián)系one-to-manyrelationship多對一聯(lián)系many-to-onerelationship多對多聯(lián)系many-to-manyrelationship參與participation全部參與totalparticipation部分參與partialparticipation弱實體集和強(qiáng)實體集weakentitysetsandstrongentitysets分辨符屬性discriminatorattributes標(biāo)識聯(lián)系identifyingrelationship特化和概化specializationandgeneralization超類和子類superclassandsubclass屬性繼承attributeinheritance單和多繼承singleandmultipleinheritance條件定義的和用戶定義的成員資格condition-definedanduserdefinedmembership不相交概化和重疊概化disjointandoverlappinggeneralization全部概化和部分概化totalandpartialgeneralization聚集aggregationUMLUML類圖UMLclassdiagram第八章E-R模型和規(guī)范化