英語音標及辨音練習-課件

英語聽力辨音---Aboutphoneticsound英語聽力辨音---Aboutphoneticsound1PhoneticAlphabetPhoneticAlphabet2Stops爆破音爆破音是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙，然后氣流沖破阻礙而發(fā)出的音。/p/,

/b/,

/t/,

/d/,

/k/,/g/

Stops爆破音爆破音是指發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙，然后氣3/p,b/pearbear pullbullparkbark riprib

capcab cupcub

happyshabbysimplesymbol /p,b/pearbear p4/t,d/taredare teardearseatseed betbed

hathad writerrider puttingpudding centersenderdeadlockwidth/d/發(fā)音輕、快，基本略過/t,d/taredare tear5在清輔音后讀[t]。worked,finished,helped,hoped,liked,joked,stopped在元音和濁輔音后讀[d]。followed,stayed,called,entered,believed,lived,tried,copied,planned在輔音[t,d]后讀[id]。wanted,rested,needed,fitted,admitted規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞怎么發(fā)音？在清輔音后讀[t]。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞怎么發(fā)音？6/k,g/cardguard curlgirlcavegave backbagdockdog pickpigankleangle tickingdiggingclockgladkeen/k,g/cardguard curl7Frictionconsonants摩擦音由發(fā)音器官造成的縫隙使氣流產生摩擦而發(fā)出的聲音

/f,θ,s,?,h/

/v,e,z,?,r/voicelessconsonantsvoicedconsonantsFrictionconsonants摩擦音由發(fā)音器官造8/f/&/v/Theconsonants/f,v/soundsaremadebypressingthelowerlipagainsttheupperteethallowingtheairtoforceitswaybetweenthem.下唇輕觸上齒/f/&/v/Theconsonants/f,v/9/f/fan/feel/fail/safe/café/refuse/fault/fast/funny/comfortable/v/view/valley/vows/very/vase/five/love/living/lovely/have下唇輕觸上齒/f/下唇輕觸上齒10Problemwith/v/Itmaybeconfusedwith/w/E.g.vet獸醫(yī)wetvest背心

westveil面紗whalevain虛榮wane衰退veal小牛肉wheelvent出口wentverse詩worsevia經過wirevile卑鄙的whilevine

藤

wineProblemwith/v/Itmaybeconf11/θ/&/e/Theconsonants/θ,e/soundsaremadebyputtingthetipofthetongue

between

theupperandlowerteethallowingtheairtopassbetweenthetipofthetongueandtheupperteeth.舌尖齒背摩擦音/θ/&/e/Theconsonants/θ,e/12/θ/

thumb/thread/birth/author/death/e/that/mother/father/those/these/θ/13/s/&/z/

Theyaremadebyraisingthetipofthetonguetowardtheupperteethridgewiththeaircomingoutofthenarrowpassagebetweenthem.Majorpointswhileproducingthesound:Touchyoursideteethwiththesidesofyourtongue.Putyourtongueforward.Useyourvoicewhileproducing/z/,butnot/s/.

/s/&/z/Theyaremadebyrai14/s/sit/stand/rice/juice/song/stage/see/glass/city/artist/z/

zoo/zip/rise/dies/dozen/lazy/always/prize/cousin/s/15Phrases/s/

asilverspoonsomethingsweetaspecialseasoninthegrasssingasongasadstory/z/

Susan’szipperasimpledesignazigzagpathSeasandoceans

whosedeskssistersandbrothersPhrases/s/16單詞后加s/es何時讀/z//s//iz/?一般情況下，結尾是清輔音讀[s]，結尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。desks,maps,lakes,fields在以s,x,.sh,ch等結尾的詞加-es讀作[iz]。buses,brushes,watches,boxes從詞尾-f或-fe變化而來的復數(shù)詞尾-ves讀作[vz]。thieves,shelves,knives,leaves,roofs單詞后加s/es何時讀/z//s//iz/?一般情況17從“輔音+y”結尾的名詞變化而來的復數(shù)詞尾-ies讀作[iz]。parties,factories,families,universities有些以“輔音+o”結尾的名詞，雖然復數(shù)加-es，但發(fā)音讀作[z],不讀作[iz]。heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,radios以-th結尾的名詞復數(shù)加-s，讀作[z]或[s]。baths,youths,paths,months,lengthsNotice:

名詞復數(shù)的讀音規(guī)則也適合于動詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾所加的-s或-es。Notice:名詞復數(shù)的讀音規(guī)則也適合于動詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞18/?/&/?/Theconsonants/?,?/soundsaremadebypushingoutthelips,raisingthetipofthetonguetowardthefrontpartofthehardpalate(硬腭、齒齦較后部位)forminganarrowchannel.Notice:舌端貼近但不貼住上齒齦舌兩側向上鄂卷起，舌中間形成狹長的通道雙唇向前突出，略成圓形/?/&/?/Theconsonants/?,?19Joiningsounds

English

shopsIrish

sheetsDanish

shipsPolish

shirts/?/special/washing/machine/fisher/sharp//?/leisure/treasure/usual/invasion/measure/?/shcialch(machine)tionsion/?/suresusionJoiningsounds/?/20/h/&/r/The/h/aremadebyopeningthemouthandsighinarelaxedmanner,withvoice.The/r/soundismadebyputtingthetipofthetonguenear,butnottouching,thebackpartoftheupperteethridge;themainbodyofthetongueiskeptlowandthefrontisheldconcaveallowingairtoescape./h/&/r/The/h/aremadeby21Note:

1)Theletter‘r’issilentinthesewords.2)Whenthereisnovowelfollowingit,‘r’issilent.NewYorklater

quarterdepartweatherairportafternoonannouncerorderpassengerssirearlierforbiddenaredeparturewonderfulbeer

forecasterGermandearsupermarketupstairsfour marvelousmore emergencytherestormsure worseNote:NewYorklater22Affricates破擦音：由一個爆破音和一個摩擦音組成。發(fā)音時舌尖抵住上齒齦成發(fā)[t]、[d]的姿勢，形成氣流的完全阻礙。隨后讓氣流沖破這種阻礙輕微爆破后立即發(fā)出第二個摩擦音，即先爆破后摩擦，兩音密合，發(fā)成一個音。/tθ//d?

//ts//dz//tr//dr/Affricates破擦音：由一個爆破音和一個摩擦音組成23/t∫//d?//t∫/haveachat/thechiefeditorachildofnature/cherishit/d?/jumpatthechance/joinhands/juice/aplainJane/t∫//d?//t∫/haveac24/tr//dr//tr/發(fā)音時，舌身采取發(fā)/r/的姿勢，但舌尖要貼在齒齦后部，氣流沖破這個阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后，立即發(fā)/r//dr/發(fā)音時，舌身采取發(fā)/r/的姿勢，但舌尖要貼在齒齦后部，氣流沖破這個阻礙發(fā)出短促的/d/后，立即發(fā)/r//tr/treetreattrim整潔的tracktruetread踩踏/dr/drydrinkdreamdropdrawdraindrivedread畏懼/tr//dr//tr/發(fā)音時，舌身采取發(fā)/r/25/tr//t∫/treat–cheattrees–cheesetrip–chiptrain–chaintrace–chase/tr//t∫/treat–cheat26/dr//d?/dressed–jest（開玩笑）drug–jugdrudge－judge做苦工/dr//d?/dressed–jest27/ts//dz//ts/發(fā)音時，舌端先貼住齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略微下降，氣流隨之泄出口腔。/dz/發(fā)音時，舌端先貼住齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略微下降，氣流隨之泄出口腔，聲帶振動。/ts/beatsseatssheetslets catsartslotspots cutshurtsshortsboots/dz/readsbeadsbedsaddsladscardsgodslordsbirds/ts//dz//ts/發(fā)音時，舌端先貼住齒齦，堵住氣28NasalConsonants鼻音NasalConsonants鼻音29/n//?/TontongueSinsingWinwingKin家人KingTantangBanbangBunbung塞子/n//?/Tontongue30連讀在同一個意群中,相鄰的兩個詞,前者以輔音音素結尾,后者以元音音素開頭,往往要拼在一起連讀。Heisastudent.(is與a要連讀)Thatisarightanswer.(That與is,is和a,right和answer都可以連讀)I'llbebackinhalfanhour.(back和in,half和an,an與hour都可以連讀)。連讀在同一個意群中,相鄰的兩個詞,前者以輔音音素結尾,后者以31在同一個意群中的兩個單詞,如果前面的單詞以r或re結尾,后面的單詞以元音音素開頭,則r或re要發(fā)/r/音,并與其后的元音音素相拼。hereandthere連讀時往往讀作/hiErEnd`TZE/。apairofshoes連讀時讀作/E`pZErEv`FU:z/.Notice：連讀現(xiàn)象只出現(xiàn)在意群內部，意群與意群之間的兩個相鄰單詞即使符合上面所講的兩個條件，也不連讀。Ihopeit\'llgetalittlewarmer.這個句子中的hopeit就不連讀為/hupit/，因為主句Ihope是一個意群，后面的從句是另一個意群。在同一個意群中的兩個單詞,如果前面的單詞以r或re結尾,后面32不完全爆破在某些情況下,發(fā)爆破音時,氣流不必沖破阻礙,而只是發(fā)音器官在口腔中形成阻礙,并稍做停頓,(也就是說,做好要發(fā)出這個爆破音的準備,但不要發(fā)出音來),這樣的發(fā)音過程叫作"不完全爆破"。不完全爆破在某些情況下,發(fā)爆破音時,氣流不必沖破阻礙,而只是33/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/這6個爆破音中的任何兩個音素相鄰時,前者發(fā)不完全爆破音,后者則要完全地。徹底地進行爆破。如:Hehasaba(d)col(d)today.Youshoul(d)ta(k)ecareofthechildren.Gla(d)tomeetyou.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/t?/,/d?/,/θ/,/e/的前面時不完全爆破。如:Haveyourea(d)thebookabou(t)tha(t)child。Thethir(d)chairisbroken.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/在/m/,/n/,/l/,/s/的前面時不完全爆破。如:Goo(d)morning,sir.Goo(d)night.Theyareveryfrien(d)lytous.注意:不完全爆破可以發(fā)生在單詞。短語或句子中。/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/這634Practicebeach