四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講課件

名詞性從句

nounclause名詞性從句

nounclause什么是名詞性從句根據(jù)從句在句子中的功能分根據(jù)從句的性質(zhì)分定語從句形容詞性從句主語從句名詞性從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句狀語從句副詞性從句什么是名詞性從句根據(jù)從句在句子中的功能分根據(jù)從句的性質(zhì)分定語高考考試重點考查名詞性從句的語序問題考查引導詞that與what的區(qū)別考查it在名稱從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法考查whether與if的區(qū)別考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問詞引導的狀語從句的區(qū)別考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題高考考試重點考查名詞性從句的語序問題nounclauses名詞性從句subjectiveclause主語從句objectiveclause賓語從句predicativeclause表語從句appositiveclause同位語從句nounclausessubjectiveclauseoWhatkindofnounclausesarethey?

請區(qū)分下列句子分別是什么從句

1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句brainstorming(2m)Whatkindofnounclausesare名詞性從句相當于一個名詞作用的從句稱作名詞性從句，名詞性從句常在復合句中作主語、賓語、表語和同位語。如：1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.名詞性從句名詞性從句連接詞可分為三類連接詞：that,whether/if（是否）在句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用連接代詞：what,?whatever,?who,?whoever,?whom,?whose,?which.在句中充當主語，賓語連接副詞：when,?where,?how,?why在句中充當狀語名詞性從句連接詞可分為三類1.

willtakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.誰將參加會議還沒有決定。2.

breaksthelaswillbepunished.無論誰違反了該條例，都將受到懲罰。3.

studentwillwinthefirstisuncertain.哪個學生是第一個不確定的。4.

theysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.他們?yōu)槭裁赐蝗幌匀皇莻€謎。5.

theywillsetoffisnotdecided.他們什么時候出發(fā)還沒有決定。6.

sheisfromisunknown.她來自哪里還不知道。7.

wewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.我們怎樣粉刷房子還沒有決定。8.

peoplecutdowntoomanytreesdestroyedthebalanceofnature.人們砍伐過多的樹木破壞了自然的平衡。9.

lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.生命能否在地球上延續(xù)幾百萬年將取決于這個問題能否解決。10.

Isawwasbeyondanyverbaldescription.我所看到的是無法用言語描述的。WhoWhoeverWhichWhyWhenWhereHowThatWhetherWhatWhoWhoeverWhichWhyWhenWhereHowCompletethesentencesusingwhat,whether,where,when,who,why,how,orthat.Whatisneededforsuccessisyourhardwork.成功需要的是努力工作When/howtheywillarrivehasbeentoldtotheteacher.他們什么時候到達，已經(jīng)告訴老師了。Where/whetherwewillgotomorrowhasn’tbeendecidedyet.我們明天去哪兒還沒有決定。Whocanjoininthesportmeetisdecidedbytheteacher.誰能參加運動會是由老師決定的。Whetheritwillrainornotisnotclear.是否會下雨還不清楚。Whytheearthisbecomingwarmisagoodtopicforresearch.地球為什么變熱是一個很好的研究課題。Thattheearthisasolidballisknowtousall.我們都知道地球是實心球。注意：主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講ppt課件連接代詞who(m),whose,what,which,when,where,why,how這類連接詞,除了引導主從外,在從句中還分別起pron/adv./adj.的作用,在從句中分別做主語\賓語\表語\狀語Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.高考題:_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereIreadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which連接代詞who(m),whose,what,whichwhoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等連接詞與what等連接詞的用法一樣,只是具有較強的語意,“凡是,不管,無論”,

引導的主語從句一般不后置。Whateverhesaidwasn’ttrue.WhoeverguesseswhatIhaveinmyhandmayhaveit.=Anyonewhoguesses…=Thepersonwhoguesses…Whoever（無論誰）=anyone/anybodywho（誰）___hecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerteenagersshowedinterestintraditionalfestivals.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;thatwhoever,whomever,whichever,主語從句：做主語用的名詞性從句，引導主語從句的有連詞that

，whether，連接代詞who，what，which，連接副詞when，where，how，why等。注意：1.that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；2.連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義，又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分位置：1)位于句首．

2)位于句尾，使用it做形式主語，而把主語從放在句末．(注意：形式主語只能用it,不能使用this／that)主語從句：Foxexample:What?he?wants?to?tell?us?is?not?clear.?他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。2.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimalot.他的頭發(fā)變成了灰色讓他很擔憂3.Where?the?English?evening?will?be?held?has?not?yet?been?announced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。注意：主語從句中的that絕對不能省去。因為句子是不能做主語的，故用that引導。若去掉則沒有了主語，而賓語從句中的that可以省略如：Thatheisrightisknowntoallofus.主語從句Weallknow(that)heisright.賓語從句Foxexample:注意：有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。It做形式主語代替主語從句主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調(diào)句則是對句子的某一部分進行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連接詞That。而被強掉部分指人時也可以用who/whomThathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.

Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.*it為形式主語2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.

Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.注意：有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作用it作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)：1）Itis+名詞+從句Itisafactthat…事實是…Itisanhonorthat……非常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常識Itisapity/shamethat…遺憾的是…Itisapitythat(很遺憾)welostthematch.Itisafactthat（這是事實）hecheatedintheexam.2)Itis+形容詞+從句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat…很可能…Itisunlikelythat…不可能…Itisobviousthat…很明顯…Itisnecessary/importantthat…+(should)+do…四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講ppt課件Itispossible(很可能)thatshewillcomebacktomorrow.Itisobviousthat（很明顯）thismeasureiseffective.1).表示“應該，驚訝，惋惜，遺憾”等意義Itisimportant/natural/necessary/impossible/strangethat…謂語形式為：should+動詞原形,should可省略。Eg.a).Itisstrangethatheshouldnotcome.很奇怪，他竟然沒有來b).Itisimportantthatweshoulddoenoughsports.我們做足夠的運動很重要。2).表示“據(jù)建議，據(jù)要求，據(jù)命令”It+be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/commanded/insisted/required/proposed/desired/that…謂語形式:should+動詞原形，should可省略a.)Itwasorderedthatallthepassengersshouldbesearched.據(jù)命令，所有乘客必須接受搜查。四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講ppt課件3)Itis+不及物動詞+從句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想到…a).Ithappenedthat（剛好）Icameintotheofficeatthattime.b).Itoccurredtomethat（我突然想起）Iforgettosenttheletter.4)Itis+過去式+從句Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實…Itissaidthat…據(jù)說…It

is

known

to

all

that…眾所周知…Itisbelievedthat…據(jù)信…;人們相信…Itissuggestedthat+(should)do…建議…Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認…Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否人…Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是…a).It

is

reportedthat（據(jù)報道）20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.b).Itissuggestedthat（建議）weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講ppt課件5)“無關(guān)緊要（的是）”Itdoesn’tmatter+主語從句ItmakesnodifferenceIt

doesn’t

matterwhetheroneiswealthyornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhether一個人是否富有無關(guān)緊要。四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講ppt課件主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況:If引導的主語從句不可位于復合句句首Itissaid/reported.結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：正確表達：ItissaidthatPresidentXiwillvisitourschoolnextweek.錯誤的表達：ThatPresidentXiwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.3.Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：正確表達：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.錯誤表達:Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.4.Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。如：正確表達：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.錯誤的表達：Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.5.含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前，如：正確的表達：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?錯誤的表達：Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況:名稱性從句中的語序問題永遠陳述語氣名稱性從句中不會出現(xiàn)助動詞提前的現(xiàn)象，如：Whoishedoesn’tmatter.他是誰并不重要。Whenandwhereweshallhavethesportsmeetisaquestion.在哪里開、什么時候開運動會還是個問題。Idon’tknowwhathisnameis.我不知道他叫什么名字。Idon’tknowwhatiswrongwithhim.我不知道他怎么了。Youcan’timaginehowexcitedIwasatthattime.你沒法想象我那個時候有多激動。Canyoutellmewhatsizeshoesyouwear?你能告訴我你穿多大碼的鞋子嗎？名稱性從句中的語序問題Noonecanbesure

inamillionyears.whatwillmanlooklikeB.whatmanwilllooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike答案：B考查賓語從句的語序問題。應該是陳述語序。首先排除A/C兩個選項。D選項不符合我們的語言習慣四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講ppt課件考點一、that和what的區(qū)別what可在名稱性從句中作主語、賓語、表語。that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分，也沒有什么意思如：Whatyoudiddoesn’tagreewithwhatyoupromised.你所做的與你允諾的不一致。Whathecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyhisteacherwasneversatisfiedwithhim.他無法理解的是為什么他的老師對他從不滿意。ThematterofsalaryiswhatIcaremostifIdecidetochangemyprofession.薪水問題是我最關(guān)心的，如果我決定改變我的職業(yè)。Whatwecan’tgetalwaysseemsbetterthanwhatwehavealreadygot.我們不能得到的似乎總是比我們得到的要更好。5.Ithinkthatyourcompositionisnobetterthanhis.我認為你的作文不如他好。6.Thatyoudon’tloveheisnotmybusiness.你不愛他跟我無關(guān)。考點一、that和what的區(qū)別1.

Whatwehaveseenisdifferentfrom.A.weheardB.wehaveheardC.whatweheardD.whatwehaveheard答案:D這是一個賓語從句。從句中hear是個及物動詞，缺少賓語。所以，應該選擇what，充當hear的賓語，that在句中不充當任何成分，不選。2.Icouldn’tagreewith

inthemeeting.A.thatyousaidB.whichyousaidC.allwhatyousaidD.whatyousaid答案：D考查賓語從句，句中的say是個及物動詞，缺少賓語，選擇what引導的賓語從句。What是不引導定語從句的，排除C。四大名詞性從句-主語從句精講ppt課件考點二、that和whether的區(qū)別that引導主從只起引導作用，無實際意義，在主語從句中不充當任何成分，但不能省略。Thatshelefthim

cuthimtotheheart.whether盡管不充當句子成分,但有“是否”的意思。它能夠左右句子的意思，是從句所表達的意思變成一個還沒有確定的因素。如：Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.考點二、that和whether的區(qū)別Idon’tknowwhetherhecanjoinusornot.我不知道他是否會加入我們。I’msurethathecanjoinus.我確定他會加入我們。ItisnoneofyourbusinesswhetherIloveher.我愛不愛她不關(guān)你的事。ItisnoneofyourbusinessthatIdon’tloveher.我不愛她不關(guān)你的事。總結(jié)：區(qū)分that還是whether，重要的一點就是看從句表達一個什么意思，是確定的還是不確定的；是事實還是疑問。前者選that，后者選whether。Idon’tknowwhetherhecanjoIhavenodoubt

Mr.Johnsonwillmakeithereontime.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.when答案：A前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了Ihavenodoubt（毫無疑問），這樣的主句已經(jīng)不再需要從句表達什么“是否”了。直接選確定的語氣。No

one

can

be

sure

theboardwillacceptourconditions.A.ThatB.whetherC.whyD.what答案：BNocanbesure（沒有人能肯定）就要去從句表達一個“董事會能否接受我們的條件”的意思，而不能是一個既定的事實。

IhavenodoubtMr.J1.___fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromonaspect.AWhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which2._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.WhereFillingtheblanks1.

Causedtheaccidentisstillamystery.

thedriver’scarelessnesscausedtheaccidentisknowntoall.Themysteryus

causedtheaccident.Itisknowntoall

thedriver’scarelessnesscausedtheaccident.

madetheschoolproudwasthat

morethat90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.Heiscuriousabout

iscalledthebirdnest.總結(jié)：what在句子中充當名稱性成分（主、表、賓）that不充當任何成分，只起連接作用。ABWhatThatwhatthatthatWhatwhat1.___fashiondiffersfromc

hewillsucceediscertain.Itiscertain

hewillsucceed.

hewillsucceedisuncertain.

hesucceededwasstillamystery.總結(jié)：名稱性從句中缺什么就填相應疑問詞，什么也不缺也要填that

5.Iknow

smokingdoesterribledamagetomyheartand

itismoredifficultforsmokingcouplestobecomepregnant.總結(jié)：多個賓語從句中，第一個that可省略，后面的都不可以省略。ThatthatWhetherWhetherthatthatThatthatWhetherWhetherthatthat考點三、if和whether的區(qū)別兩者都有“是否”的意思，但并不能永遠可以互換。一般認為，兩者可以互換的環(huán)境也只有在賓語從句中。如：Hedidn’tgiveusexplicitreplywhether/ifhewillattendourweddingceremony.而在介詞的賓語從句中，在主語/表語/同位句從句中，在和不定式搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)中等等，習慣上只能用whether。如：

we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where2.Thequestionof

theyareoldoryoungisnotimportant.A.whichB.whetherC.howD.if3.Thequestionis

thefilmisworthseeing.IfB.whatC.whetherD.how4.Hedoesn’tknow

tostayornot.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how5.Thenews

ourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.thenBBCCC考點三、if和whether的區(qū)別BBCCC考點四、wh-詞和wh-ever的區(qū)別一般認，wh-詞在引導從句是，依然保留著很大部分的疑問詞的本色，所以它們引導的從句在意思上應該表達的是一個問題，如：who（誰）/what（什么）/when（何時）/where（何地）/why（為何）。而wh-ever更多的是充滿了讓步的意味，無論/不管之意。如：1.Thepolicewantedtoknow

willbenefitmostfromtheoldman’sdeath.警方想知道誰將從老人的去世中受益最多。2.

willbenefitfromtheoldman’sdeathwillbequestionedbythepolice.能從老人的去世之中受益的所有人都將受到警方的盤問。3.

willbesenttohelpthepeopleinthefloodedareashasn’tbeenannounced.誰將被派往洪災區(qū)救援還沒有宣布。4.

willbesenttoworkinthefloodedareaswillsparenoefforttohelpthepeopleinneed.不管是誰被派往災區(qū)救援都會全力以赴地幫助災民。whoWhoeverWhoWhoever考點四、wh-詞和wh-ever的區(qū)別whoWhoever考點五、nomatterwh-和wh-ever的區(qū)別問題兩者都有“無論…”之意。在引導讓步狀語從句時可以互換，沒有什么區(qū)別。但是，nomatterwh-只能引導讓步狀語從句，不能引導名稱性從句。Wh-ever則兩者都可以。由此包含與被包含的關(guān)系決定，二者同時出現(xiàn)而必選其一時，答案肯定時wh-ever。如：1.

breakstheruleswillbepunished.（主語從句）2.

breakstherules,he/shewillbepunished.（狀語從句）3.Don’tbelieve

hetellsyou.（賓語從句）4.Don’tbelievehim,

hetells.（狀語從句）WhoeverWhoever/Nomatterwhowhateverwhoever/nomatterwho考點五、nomatterwh-和wh-ever的區(qū)別問題考點六、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣先看賓語從句的虛擬語氣。一般來說，如果從句作的是表示說話人某種觀點、態(tài)度或者要求等語氣的動詞的賓語是，從句中要求用”should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣（should經(jīng)?？梢允÷裕＿@些動詞常見的有：desire\demand\require\order\propose\command\advise\suggest，如：Heinsistedthatshe(should)spendmoretimestudying.Hedemandedthatwe(should)beontime.Thebossrequiredthatallwaiters(should)keepstandingalldaylong.ThepublishinghousesuggestedthatI(should)typemybookout.考點六、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣注意：有兩個特例額，那就是suggest和insist。他們兩后面的賓語從句是否用虛擬語氣還要看具體的語境來定，如ThedoctorsuggestedthatIhadacold.解釋、說明Thebigsmilesonherfacesuggestedthatshehadpassedthetest.表明ThedoctorsuggestedthatI(should)stayinbedforafewday.建議Theyoungmaninsistedthathewaswellenoughtoserveinthearmy.堅持一個事實而不是一種觀點。不用虛擬語氣Thatyoungmaninsistedthatheshouldbesendtothefront.堅持一種觀點，即“他應該被派往前線”，用虛擬語氣。其他三中從句中的虛擬同賓語從句一樣。如：注意：有兩個特例額，那就是suggest和insist。他們Theheadquarters’suggestionisthatwe(should)waitforanotherfewday.表語從句Hisorderthatallthesoldiersshouldswimacrosstheriverwasrefused.同位語從句Itisstronglyrecommendedthatyoushouldtakeataxi.主語從句另外，下面這些特殊的句型中，后面的主語從句也用虛擬語氣。Itisimportant/necessary/natural/awonder/essential（必需的）/suggestedthat...(should)do…1)Itisimportantthatyoushouldbeontime.2).Itisnecessarythatyoushouldexerciseregularly.b.Iwishthat…did…我希望…如：IwishIwereabird.IwishonedayIcouldliveonthemoon.c.I’dratherthat…did…我寧愿…如：I’dratheryoudidityourself.I’dratherIhadn’tlentyouthatbicycleyesterday.Theheadquarters’suggestioniCorrectornot?*whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.……beheldhasn’tbeenknownyet.Payattention:主語從句的謂語用單數(shù)形式

makeasentence:

Whatthecatdidmadethebabycry.whatThecatdocrymadeCorrectornot?whatThecatdoc用whether/if填空Thequestionis

thefilmisworthseeing.

weshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Translatethesentence.

theyarebadlyinneedofhelp（他們很需要幫助）isquiteclear.whetherwhetherThat用whether/if填空whetherwhetherThMakeasentence

Whattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone.TalkaboutTheuseofcellphoneMakeasentenceTalkaboutTheuCorrectornot?*Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.XWhetherwewill……decidedyet.Payattention:放在名詞性從句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether，不能用ifTranslatethesentence*ItisknowntoushowMarkTwainbecameagreatwriter（馬克吐溫怎樣成為一位偉大的作家）Correctornot?（馬克吐溫怎樣成為一位偉大的作Make

a

sentence

report,getthehighestpoints,match

ItisreportedthatYaoMinggotthehighestpointsinthematch.MakeasentenceCorrect

or

not?Itisimportantthatwewillfinishtheworkontime.X

Itisimportantthatweshouldfinish……Payattention:注意虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用！在itisnecessary/important/natural…that…句型中，從句的謂語要用should+do的形式Correctornot?Correctornot?1.Thatshewantstoknowiswhenthepartywillbeheld.X

Whatshewantstoknowis……Payattention:此主語從句中缺少成分-賓語，故用作成分的what來引導，而不用that。

2.

He

will

giveuphisjobsurprisesallofus.

XThathewillgiveup……Payattention:由that引導的主語從句放在句首，that不能省略。Correctornot?MakeasentenceDon’tknowtheanswer,teacher,angryItmakestheteacherangrythatthechilddo