現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解 課件

上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁主菜單上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁主菜單1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

主菜單上一頁下一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語短暫性動詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin比較與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主菜單上一頁下一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主2一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁下一頁have/has+動詞過去分詞（have/has是助動詞）否定：haven’t/hasn’t+動詞過去分詞疑問句：把have/has提前一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成主菜單上一頁下一頁have/has+3二現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁下一頁--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)主菜單1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（動詞可以是短暫性或者延續(xù)性動詞）

二現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁下一頁--It’ssod4上一頁下一頁IhavelearntEnglishfortenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)主菜單2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).動詞只能使用延續(xù)性動詞。常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar等表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。上一頁下一頁IhavelearntEnglishfo53.短暫性東西用于否定句，可以與時(shí)間段連用。

他買這本書已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月了。Hehasboughtthebookfortwomonths.He__________thebookfortwomonths.他已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月沒有買書了。He____________anybookfortwomonths.(錯的）hashadhasn’tbought3.短暫性東西用于否定句，他買這本書已經(jīng)有兩個(gè)月了。(錯的）6二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語1.already,never,ever,just,yet2.before以前,recently最近，這段時(shí)間thesedays這些天來，這段時(shí)間，theseyears這些年來overtheyears這些年來inthelast/pastfewyears在過去的幾年里for+時(shí)間段；since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)sincethen從那時(shí)起；sofar到目前為止；次數(shù)上一頁下一頁主菜單二.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語1.already,never7三短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的代換

●短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動詞常見有①become,

②begin,③buy,④borrow,

⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,

⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一頁下一頁●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞來代替短暫性動詞。主菜單三短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的代換●短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑8

become→be,begin/start→beon

borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)to→behere/there/in，die→be

dead,finish→beover,join→bein…=beamemberof…jointhearmy—beinthearmy—beasoldierleave→beaway(from…),puton---wearcatchacold---haveacoldfallasleep–beasleepgotoschool—beastudent下一頁上一頁主菜單become→be,begin/9①.我們買這本書三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.②他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.

Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同義句①.我們買這本書三年了.Wehavehadthebo10③自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書.

Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.④我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.

Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.

Iborrowedthebooklastweek.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.⑤MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendead

forthreeyears.MrBlackdied

threeyearsago.③自從上星期以來,我就借了這本書.Ihavekep11XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.Wewenttoschooleightyearsago.

Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.電影開始了一小時(shí)了

Thefilmbeganonehourago.Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.Theclassfinishedtenminutesago.

Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierf12

●但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁下一頁主菜單●但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。上一頁下一頁主13

翻譯練習(xí)：

1.我買了這塊手表五年了。

2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。

Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since

5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10

yearsago.WW下一頁上一頁主菜單翻譯練習(xí)：Ihavebought14

3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。

4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。

5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.

Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW下一頁上一頁主菜單3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。Hehascome15四.havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin的比較

havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁下一頁主菜單四.havegoneto/havebeento/h16

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？

IhavebeeninNanjingfortwoyears.他已經(jīng)在南京待了兩年了

ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁下一頁主菜單HassheeverbeentoNanji17五.for和since用法比較1.for:+一段時(shí)間forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyears

過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),sincelastyear，sincetwoweeksago，sincethreeyearsago,sincenineo’clock

一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句sinceyoucame,sinceyougothome.注意:for和since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都表示一段時(shí)間.2.對for/since提問都用HowlongSince五.for和since用法比較1.for:+一段18他是兩個(gè)小時(shí)以前買的這本書。He________thebooktwohoursago.He________thebooksincetwohoursago.He_________thebookfortwohours.boughthashadhashad3.since的其他句型（他離開這里已經(jīng)有三年了）“Itis+一段時(shí)間＋since＋一般過去時(shí)從句”

Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere.“一段時(shí)間＋have/haspassed+since+一般過去時(shí)從句”Threeyearshavepassedsincehelefthere.他是兩個(gè)小時(shí)以前買的這本書。boughthashadha19六.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。

上一頁下一頁主菜單六.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)20eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁下一頁

第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。

第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。主菜單eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Ch212當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):上一頁下一頁eg:

Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.

但since(自…以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg：

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.

Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜單2當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用223常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:上一頁下一頁yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜單3常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的上一頁下一頁yesterday(23上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單上一頁現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單24Exercises()1.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_______?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou()2.—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When____you____it?A.have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watch()3.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive()4.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadBCBDExercises()1.You’venev25()5.–WhereisHanMeinow?－She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.goesD.hadgone()6.－_____you____totheUnitedStated?－No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoA.Have;beenB.Have;goneC.Did;goD.Do;go()7.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?A.doyouB.areyouC.haveyouD.didyou()8.Howlonghaveyou_____thefootballteamoftheschool?A.playedB.beenatC.joinedDbeenonAACD()5.–WhereisHanMei26()9.—Wherehaveyou_____thesedays?—Ihave_____toKunmingwithmyfriends.Abeen,goneBbeen,beenCgone,beenDgone,gone()10.Howlonghaveyou____thisbook?A.boughtB.borrowedC.hadD.lent()11.—Excuseme,____youseenthefilmyet?—Yes,I_____itlastnight.Ahave,seeBhave,haveseenChave,seenDhave,saw()12.Hehasneverriddenahorsebefore,_____?A.isheB.isn’theC.hasn’theD.hasheBCDD()9.—Wherehaveyou__27動詞填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單動詞填空：Havecleanedhavedonedi284.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一頁上一頁主菜單4.I__________(read)thenov29選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁上一頁主菜單選用for和since填空:forsinceforsin30用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單用Havebeento,havegoneto,

31改錯1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁上一頁主菜單改錯studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁32Thehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.

Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned

2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold

3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.

AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe

4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet

5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?

-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.

AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning

Thehouseisdirty.We_______336.--Whenwill