第1講+句子成分主題+導(dǎo)學(xué)案 上海市暑期初升高一銜接英語(yǔ)

教學(xué)內(nèi)容1.People’sstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.(謂語(yǔ))2.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.(賓語(yǔ))3.Isaiditinfun.(狀語(yǔ))4.Wecansendacarovertofetchyou.(狀語(yǔ))5.Shehadtoworkstandingup.(狀語(yǔ))6.Seeingthis,somecomradesbecameveryworried.(狀語(yǔ))7.Somefarmerssawsomethingstrangeinthesky.(定語(yǔ))8.Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.(狀語(yǔ))2021年中考英語(yǔ)(HighSchoolEntranceExamination)SpokenEnglish10%Listening25%A選圖片:1*5=5B短對(duì)話(huà):1*5=5C判斷對(duì)錯(cuò):1*5=5D短文填空:1*10=10Phonetics,GrammarandVocabulary45%A單選:1*15=15B五選四:1*8=8C詞型轉(zhuǎn)換:1*8=8D句型轉(zhuǎn)換:2*7=14Reading50%A閱讀單選:2*6=12B完型填空:2*6=12

C首字母填空:2*7=14D回答問(wèn)題:2*6=12Writing20%2021年高考英語(yǔ)(CollegeEntranceExamination)SpokenEnglish10%Listening25%

A短對(duì)話(huà):1*10=10

B語(yǔ)篇題:1.5*6=9

C長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà):1.5*4=6

Grammar&Vocabulary20%

A語(yǔ)法填空題:1*10=10B十一選十:1*10=10

Reading45%

A完形填空:1*15=15

B閱讀理解3篇:2*11=22

C六選四:2*4=8

Translation15%

3+3+4+5=15

Writing35%概要寫(xiě)作10指導(dǎo)寫(xiě)作25知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、詞的分類(lèi)【知識(shí)梳理】英語(yǔ)中的詞根據(jù)其形式特征、詞義以及在句子中的作用可以分成十大類(lèi)，稱(chēng)為詞類(lèi)（partsofspeech)。詞類(lèi)英語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)縮寫(xiě)形式例詞名詞網(wǎng)代詞pronounpron.he他動(dòng)詞verbv.cut割形容詞adjectiveadj.beautiful美麗的副詞adverbadv.well好數(shù)詞numeralnum.one一冠詞articleart.the介詞prepositionprep.for為了連詞conjunctionconj.but但是感嘆詞interjectionint.oh哦名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、和數(shù)詞能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分，稱(chēng)為實(shí)詞。冠詞、介詞、連詞和感嘆詞不能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分，稱(chēng)為虛詞。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、句子成分【知識(shí)梳理】1.主語(yǔ)（subject）：句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名詞）Helikesdancing.（代詞）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)＊Seeingisbelieving.（動(dòng)名詞）＊Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）＊Whatheneedsisabook.（主語(yǔ)從句）＊Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主語(yǔ)）（打＊為高一所要學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)）【例題精講】請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語(yǔ)：(1).TheboycomesfromAmerica.(2).Heusuallywenttoschoolalone.＊(3).StudyingEnglishisveryimportant.＊(4).Toteachhimalessonseemsquitenecessary.＊(5).Thathewontheprizeexcitedeveryone.＊(6).Itisimportantforustohaveourdreams.＊(7).Itisobviousthathewaswrong.＊(8).Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.【知識(shí)梳理】2.謂語(yǔ)（predicate）：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征。①簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.②復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.【例題精講】請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)(1).Hisparentsworkedasteachers.(2).Thesunrisesintheeast.(3).Wehavefinishedreadingthebook.(4).Yououghttoworkharder.(5).Ifeltcold.(6).Hedoesn’tlikemusic.【知識(shí)梳理】3.賓語(yǔ)：（1）動(dòng)作的承受者動(dòng)賓IlikeChina.（名詞）Hehatesyou.（代詞）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（數(shù)詞）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.（形容詞）＊Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）＊Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）＊Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（賓語(yǔ)從句）（2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.（3）雙賓語(yǔ)間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.【例題精講】請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)。(1).Hehasnevermetherinperson.(2).Shehandedhimabook.＊(3).Helikestoplaybasketball.＊(4).Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.＊(5).Shesaidthatshefeltsick.＊(6).Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.＊(7).Ifinditimpossibletobelieveheranylonger.＊(8).Weconsideritnogoodgettinguplate.＊(9).Theybelieveditstrangethatheshouldhavedonethat.【知識(shí)梳理】4.表語(yǔ)（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.（名詞）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代詞）Fiveandfiveisten.（數(shù)詞）Heisasleep.（形容詞）Thepictureisonthewall.（介詞短語(yǔ)）＊Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（分詞）＊Towearafloweristosay“I'mpoor,Ican'tbuyaring.（不定式）＊Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表語(yǔ)從句）注意：常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be,sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）,look（看起來(lái)）,feel（摸起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)）,taste（嘗、吃起來(lái)）,remain（保持，仍是）,go，become，get，turn，prove...【例題精講】請(qǐng)找出下列句子的表語(yǔ)(1).Mywalletisonthedesk.(2).Thebookisn’tmine.(3).Theleavesturnyellowinfall.(4).Hehasbecomeapoliceofficer.＊(5).Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartatonce.＊(6).Mysuggestionistoleaveatonce.＊(7).Hisspeechwasboring.＊(8).Thewholeclassgotexcitedatthegoodnews.【知識(shí)梳理】5.定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。YanLingisachemistryteacher.（名詞）Heisourfriend.（代詞）Webelongtothethirdworld.（數(shù)詞）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容詞）＊Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介賓結(jié)構(gòu))＊TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（現(xiàn)在分詞）＊Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（過(guò)去分詞）＊Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）＊YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定語(yǔ)從句）【例題精講】請(qǐng)找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)(1).Thebeautifulsightattractsmanytouristseveryyear.(2).Thewalletonthedeskismine.(3).Awomanpoliceofficerwaspraisedforhergoodwork.(4).Heisoneofthestudentsthathavebeenlate.＊(5).Thedemandingbosswasn’tsatisfiedwithmywork.＊(6).Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.＊(7).Theexcitedboysburstintocheers.【知識(shí)梳理】6.狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或句子，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.【例題精講】請(qǐng)找出下列句子的狀語(yǔ)(1).Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.(2).WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(3).Helosthisjobduetohislackofpatience.＊(4).HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.＊(5).Feelingtired,hewenttobedwithoutsupper.＊(6).Broughtupinthecountry,hefindsithardtoadjusthimselftocitylife.【知識(shí)梳理】7.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：（1）賓補(bǔ)--對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名詞）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere.（名詞）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容詞）Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)＊Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語(yǔ)）＊Don'tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）＊Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（帶to不定式）＊Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（現(xiàn)在分詞）＊I'llhavemybikerepaired.（過(guò)去分詞）【例題精講】請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1).TheyelectedJohnmonitor.(2).Hetreatedhismistakeasajoke.(3).Ithinkitwrongofhimtodeclinemyoffer.＊(4).Weheardhersingingasong.＊(5).Hetoldmetomakemyowndecision.＊(6).Hewatchedaninsectcaughtbyabird.【知識(shí)梳理】8.同位語(yǔ)在句中對(duì)某一成分作進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明，并且與其在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)常放在被說(shuō)明的名詞或代詞的后面，可以用作同位語(yǔ)的有名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞和從句等。TheEnglishDepartmenthastwoforeignteachers,anAustralianandanAmerican.Thistermweeachboughtane-dictionary.Theythreeareallthree-goodstudents.Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidayistrue.【知識(shí)梳理】9.插入語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中的插入語(yǔ)一般對(duì)一句話(huà)作一些附加的說(shuō)明。通常與句中其它部分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的聯(lián)系，將它刪掉之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語(yǔ)在句中有時(shí)是對(duì)一句話(huà)的一些附加解釋、說(shuō)明或總結(jié)；有時(shí)表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)者的態(tài)度和看法；有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用；有時(shí)是為了引起對(duì)方的注意；還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話(huà)題或說(shuō)明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象不僅有利于對(duì)英語(yǔ)句子的理解，還有利于提高寫(xiě)作的水平。I．插入語(yǔ)類(lèi)型學(xué)習(xí)一、形容詞（短語(yǔ)）作插入語(yǔ)能用作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞（短語(yǔ)）常見(jiàn)的有：true，wonderful，excellent，strangetosay，mostimportantofall，needlesstosay（不用說(shuō)），sureenough等。如：Wonderful，wehavewonagain.太好了，我們又贏了。Mostimportantofall,wemustlearnalltheskills.最重要的是，我們必須掌握所有的技巧。二、副詞（短語(yǔ)）作插入語(yǔ)能用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞（短語(yǔ)）有：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，obviously，certainly，however，generally，personally，honestly，naturally，fortunately，luckily/happilyforsb.certainly，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，orrather等。如：Whenhegottothere，hefound，however，thattheweatherwastoobad.可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn)，那兒的天氣太壞了。Otherwise，hewouldstillbeathome.不然的話(huà)，他還會(huì)在家的。三、介詞短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)能用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有：infact，inone'sopinion/judgment（按照某人的意見(jiàn)），ingeneral，inaword，inotherwords，inafewwords/insum/inshort（簡(jiǎn)而言之），ofcourse，bytheway，asaresult，forexample，onthecontrary，ontheotherhand，inshort，asamatteroffact，inconclusion，inbrief，inthefirstplace，ofcourse，toone'sknowledge/surprise/regret/satisfaction/mind/joy/disappointment等。如：Onthecontrary，weshouldstrengthenourcorporationwiththem.相反，我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)和他們的合作。四、V-ing（短語(yǔ)）作插入語(yǔ)能用作插入語(yǔ)的V-ing（短語(yǔ)）常見(jiàn)的有：talkingof，considering，strictly/generally/honestly/personally/exactly/physically/speaking（嚴(yán)格地/一般地/坦誠(chéng)地等）說(shuō)；judgingfrom/by（根據(jù)……判斷）等。如：Generallyspeaking，theweatherthereisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，那兒的氣候冬天不太冷，夏天不太熱。五、不定式短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)能用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)有：tobefrank，tobehonest，tobesure，totellyouthetruth，tomakemattersworse，tosumup（概括地說(shuō)），toputitbriefly，toputitinanotherway，tobegin（start）with等。如：Totellyouthetruth，I’mnotsointerestedinthematter.跟你說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)，我對(duì)這件事情的興趣不大。Tosumup，successresultsfromhardwork.總而言之，成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果。注意：上述單詞或短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如：(1)Frankly，he'dliketolistentomusic.（副詞作插入語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度）Hereyoushouldspeakfrankly.（副詞作狀語(yǔ)）(2)True，yourdaughterisathomenow.（形容詞作插入語(yǔ)）Hecameback，hungryandtired.（形容詞作狀語(yǔ)）(3)Judgingfromwhathesaid，hedoeslookdownhiselderbrother.（現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)不是句中的主語(yǔ)，只是說(shuō)話(huà)者的附加說(shuō)明）Seeingfromthewindow，hecanseethelake.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中的主語(yǔ)he）(4)Totellyouthetruth，hedoesn'tquiteagreewiththisidea.（不定式作插入語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作主體不是句中的主語(yǔ)，只是說(shuō)話(huà)者的附加說(shuō)明）Tobuythemachine，hewenttoBeijing.（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中的主語(yǔ)he）六、句子（陳述句和一般疑問(wèn)句）作插入語(yǔ)能用作插入語(yǔ)的句子有：Iamsure，Ibelieve，Ithink，Iknow，Isuppose，Ihope，I’mafraid，yousee，what'smore，what'sworse，whatisimportant/serious（重要/嚴(yán)重的是），thatistosay，asweallknow，asIsee，believeitornot等。如：Someanimalsonlyhalf-hibernate，thatistosay，theirsleepisnotsuchadeepone.有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠，就是說(shuō)，它們的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。Ibelieve，Chinawillcatchupwiththedevelopedcountriessoonerorlater.我確信，中國(guó)遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。注意：插入句獨(dú)立性強(qiáng)，一般用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將其與其他句子成分隔開(kāi)。應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意疑問(wèn)句的插入句，它一般為倒裝語(yǔ)序且無(wú)任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，而且整個(gè)疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)當(dāng)保持陳述語(yǔ)序。例如：(1)WhatshouldIdofirst？WhatdoyouthinkIshoulddofirst？（被插入的疑問(wèn)句原來(lái)為倒裝語(yǔ)序，插入后成為陳述語(yǔ)序）(2)Whoissinging？Whodoyouthinkissinging？（被插入的疑問(wèn)句原來(lái)就是陳述語(yǔ)序，不需要做調(diào)整）【例題精講】由于插入語(yǔ)通常與句中其他成分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系，命題者有意在句中插入一個(gè)從句或插入語(yǔ)，造成主謂分離，給考生的理解帶來(lái)一定的困難和干擾。(1)Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery，______ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis分析：這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which在從句中作主語(yǔ)，代替thediscovery.做這類(lèi)題目的方法是先將插入語(yǔ)Ithink去掉，然后再將句子還原成為Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery，whichisofgreatimportancetoscience.問(wèn)題就迎刃而解了。正確答案：A.(2)Infact______isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it分析：infact在句中實(shí)際擔(dān)當(dāng)插入語(yǔ)，只不過(guò)沒(méi)用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，意思是“實(shí)際上，對(duì)警察來(lái)說(shuō)在一次重大的足球比賽中，維持秩序是一項(xiàng)困難的工作”?？崭袢菀装丫渥赢?dāng)成fact的同位語(yǔ)從句而誤選B.正確答案D(3)－Alice，youfeedthebirdstoday，__________？－ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou分析：這是特設(shè)語(yǔ)境，插入語(yǔ)Alice暗示后面句子為帶主語(yǔ)的祈使句，正確答案：B.(4)Whodoyouthink_______(give)usatalkthisafternoon？分析：doyouthink是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，將其去掉。正確答案：willgive(5)PhilipisaNewYorker，_______，helivesinNewYork.A.thatisB.besidesC.afterallD.inoneword分析：直接選擇適合上下文語(yǔ)境的插入語(yǔ)。正確答案：A.常用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有：inconclusion（總之），inaword（簡(jiǎn)而言之），inshort（簡(jiǎn)而言之），ingeneral（一般說(shuō)來(lái)），inasense（在某種意義上），inmyview（在我看來(lái)），inhisopinion（按照他的看法），infact（事實(shí)上），atfirst（首先），inaddition（此外），ofcourse（當(dāng)然），tomysurprise（使我驚奇的），toherregret（使她遺憾的），forexample（例如）等。2.閱讀理解和完形填空。閱讀中出現(xiàn)大量插入語(yǔ)會(huì)增加理解障礙。熟練掌握插入語(yǔ)，有利于分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，理解文章大意。例如：I，ofcourse，likeabicyclebetter.Itdoesn'tcostmemuch，yetitbringsmealotofconvenience.What'smore，itdoesn'tpollutetheair.Bicyclesarereallygoodfriendsofpeople's.3.寫(xiě)作。書(shū)面表達(dá)要求語(yǔ)言連貫、地道，恰當(dāng)使用插入語(yǔ)，可以給文章增色不少。例如：Likemostofmyschoolmates，Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters－inotherwords，Iamanonlychild.MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycantomakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.Theydonotwantmetodoanyworkathome；theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmysubjects.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderthesameroof，butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalktogether.Itlooksasifmyparentsregardmeasavisitororaguest.Dotheyreallyunderstandtheirowndaughter？Howthingsareinotherhomes，Iwonder.【鞏固練習(xí)】分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．7.Iloveyoumorethanher,child．8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Don'tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike．16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.17.Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.參考答案：1.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)6.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋形式賓語(yǔ)it＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)7.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)8.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)9.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)10.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)11.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)12主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)13.主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)14.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)15.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)16.主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)17.主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)18.主語(yǔ)＋雙賓動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)19.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞20.主語(yǔ)＋不及物動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)三、句子的結(jié)構(gòu)【知識(shí)梳理】1.按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.2.簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型1)、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g.Heisastudent.2)、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g.Wework.3)、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4)、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5)、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。3.并列句的分類(lèi) 1)、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2)、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain. 3)、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. 4)、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.4.考點(diǎn)探討1)、簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書(shū)面表達(dá)中，沒(méi)有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語(yǔ)句子來(lái)表達(dá)清楚的。2)、祈使句、反意疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問(wèn)句結(jié)合于一體來(lái)考查。一個(gè)題目，幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)，是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。3)、高考對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對(duì)連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and,but,or,while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。4)、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句最為明顯，時(shí)間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，從句則用一般式表將來(lái)，這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)?？疾椤Ｈ纾篧ewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow【例題精講】基礎(chǔ)題：判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.Keys:1.簡(jiǎn)單句2.復(fù)合句3.并列句4.并列句5.并列句【鞏固練習(xí)】判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.Keys:6.復(fù)合句7.并列句8.復(fù)合句9.簡(jiǎn)單句10.并列句基礎(chǔ)題：SectionA：插入語(yǔ)1.說(shuō)來(lái)也奇怪，他到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有收到我的信。2.你不能再等了——換言之，你得立即出發(fā)。3.從衣著來(lái)判斷，他可能是個(gè)藝術(shù)家。4.他不能通過(guò)這次考試，因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真，更何況他又不太聰明。5.坦率地說(shuō)，我不太同意你的意見(jiàn)。 SectionB：復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯 （主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） 1.他的父母給他取名為John.2.我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 3.我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗。4.他請(qǐng)我們參加做游戲。 5.明天我要找人來(lái)修理機(jī)器。Keys:SectionA：1.Strangetosay，hehasn’tgotmyletteruptonow.2.Youcan’twaitanymore-inotherwords，youshouldstartatonce.3.Judgingbyhisclothes，hemaybeanartist.4.Hecan’tpasstheexam，becausehedoesn’tstudyhard.What’smore，heisn’tsoclever.5.Tobefrank，Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.

SectionB：1.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.2.Allofusconsideredhimhonest. 3.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.4.Heaskedustojoininthegame. 5.TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.中等題：SectionA：(1)_______totheleft,andyou'llseethebusstop.(2)_______totheleft,you'llseethebusstop.(3)_______downtheradiothebaby'ssleepinginthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Ifyouturn2.(1)_______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandthequestion.(2)_______manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandthequestion.(3)_______methebadnews,hewentoutoftheroomsadly.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HewastoldD.Althoughhewastold3.(1)Whomwouldyourather_______withyou,TomorJack?(2)There'snobushere.We_______thereonfoot.(3)Whereareyourparents?They_______toShanghai.A.havetogoB.havegoneC.havegoD.havetogone4.(1)ThePartymembersshoulddoallthey_______thoseintrouble.(2)Abraham'smotherdidwhatshe_______him.(3)Let'sgoandaskforourteacher'sadvice.He_______us.(4)Thereisalotofairinloosesnow,which_______tokeepthecoldout.A.canhelpB.cantohelpC.couldtohelpD.can'thelp5.(1)Nothingcouldmakeus_______upthehope.(2)Crusoemadeacandle_______light.A.togiveB.givenC.givingD.give6.(1)______,theoldladywasknockedbyacar.(2)______,acarknockedtheoldladydown.A.WhilecrossingthestreetB.WhileshecrossedthestreetC.ShecrossedthestreetD.Crossedthestreet7.(1)Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,but_____didn'thelp.(2)Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkhard,______didn'thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it8.(1)Thepolicemanorderedthatthecar___here.(2)Thepolicemanorderedthecar____here.A.nottobeparkedB.wouldbeparkedC.notbeparkedD.mustbestopped9.(1)_______anengineer,soheknewhowtorunthemachine.(2)_______anengineer,heknewhowtorunthemachine.A.BeingB.AsC.LikeD.Hewas10.(1)Itwasfiveo'clock_______hecametoseeme.(2)Itwasatfiveo'clock_______hecametoseeme.(3)Itisfiveyears_______Ileftschool.(4)Itwasfiveyearsvhejoinedthearmy.A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.sinceKeys：1.(1)C(2)AD(3)C2.(1)C(2)AD(3)B3.(1)C(2)A(3)B4.(1)B(2)C(3)A(4)A5.(1)D(2)A6.(1)A,B(2)B7.(1)D(2)B8.(1)C(2)A,C9.(1)D(2)A,B10.(1)A(2)B(3)D(4)CSectionB：翻譯句型他為自己在教室里對(duì)待老師的粗魯?shù)膽B(tài)度而感到羞愧。（ashamed）當(dāng)?shù)卣呀?jīng)注意到了旅游業(yè)對(duì)該地區(qū)自然環(huán)境的影響。（impact）這部新上映的電影如此乏味以至于大部分觀眾在它結(jié)束前就離開(kāi)了影院。(so…that…)79.盡管遭受如此嚴(yán)重的地震，但只要不放棄，我們終會(huì)克服我們正在面臨的困難。(Although)【答案】Hewas/feltashamedofhisrudeattitudetowardstheteacherintheclassroom.Thelocalgovernmenthasnoticedtheimpactoftourismonthenaturalenvironmentinthearea.Thenewly-releasedfilmwassoboringthatmostaudienceleftthecinemabeforeitended/wasover.Althoughwearesufferingsuchasevereearthquake,wewilleventually/finallyovercomethedifficultywearefacing/arebeingfacedwithaslongaswedon’tgiveup.提高題SectionA：?jiǎn)尉涮羁誅irection:Fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.1.Ican'ttellyouwhetherit_______(show)nextmonth.2.Ihadnochoicebut_______(walk)therealone.3.Alotofexperiments_______(conduct)intothecureofcancerinrecentyears.4.Pleasemakesurethatyou_______(lock)thedoorsandwindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.5.Itwasobviousthatyoudidn'tpayattentiontomylecture.You_______(think)ofsomethingelse.6.Playersjumpedoutoftheirseats_______thenopponentshungtheirheadsindespair.7.Theclassroom_______windowsarebrokenistoberestorednextmonth.8.Electriccars’batteries_______arepoisonousforallongtimewilleventuallyendupinalandfill.9._______isknowntousall,Mr.GreeniselectedthedeanofEnglishDepartment.10.Isthisthecafe_______youcameacrossyourformerclassmatestheotherday?【答案】1.willshow 2.towalk 3.havebeenconducted 4.lock 5.werethinking6.while 7.whose 8.that 9.as 10.where【解析】根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)nextmonth及can’t可知，本題考察一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故答案為willshow。本題考察固定搭配havenochoicebuttodosth.別無(wú)選擇只得做某事，故答案為towalk。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inrecentyears再結(jié)合語(yǔ)態(tài)考慮，實(shí)驗(yàn)是被進(jìn)行的，本題考察現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故答案為havebeenconducted。本句句型為祈使句，祈使句最常用的時(shí)態(tài)就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如果不是特別強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或?qū)?lái)的時(shí)態(tài),一般情況都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為lock。本句句意為很明顯你沒(méi)有注意聽(tīng)我的演講。你在想別的東西。過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在做某事為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故答案為werethinking。根據(jù)本句句意選手們從座位上跳了起來(lái)，對(duì)手們則絕望地垂著頭可