語法環(huán)雅5名詞性從句二

名詞性從句（二）賓語從句&

同位語從句賓語從句定義在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句就叫作賓語從句，放在及物動詞，介詞后面。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句作及物動詞的賓語I

think

(that)

your

clothes

fit

well.He

couldn’t

tell

me

where

his home

was.作介詞的賓語He

talked

of

how

he

helped

the

old

man.He

always

pays

attention

to

whatever

the

teacher

says.賓語從句的三要素：連接詞陳述句語序時態(tài)呼應(yīng)當賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定 句），連接詞用that，因為that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。Lin

Tao

feels

(that)

his

own

team

is

even

better.She

says

(that)

she

won’t

take

part

in

the

sports

meeting next

Sunday.Jim

thought

(that)

the

train

was

like

a

big

moving

party.He

said

(that)

he

would

like

to

see

the

headmaster.一、連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當成分，在口語當中往往省略e.g.I

hear

(that)

he

will

be

back

in

an

hour

.（一小時后他會回來）He

said

(that)

he

missed

us

very

much

.（他非常想念我們）3.The

teacher

told

us

(that)

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.（地球圍著太陽轉(zhuǎn)）2.

當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，由連詞

whether或if引導(dǎo)（口語中常用if），因為if/whether翻譯成：“是否”，具有一定的意義，所以不能省略Lily

wanted

to

know

if

/whether

hergrandma liked

the

handbag

.Let’s

see

if

/whether

we

can

find

out

some information

about

that

city

.She

asked

me

if

/whether

she

could

borrow these

books

.由從屬連詞whether,if

引導(dǎo)的賓語從句e.g.I

want

to

know

if

(whether)

he

will

go

to

the

park

with

us

.（他是否跟我們一起去公園）Ask

him

whether

(if)he

can

come

.（他是否能來）I

don’t

know

whether

it

is

going

to

rain

or

not

.（是否要下雨）Tips：1.當句末為ornot時，引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用if.3.

當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，由連接代詞（what,

who,whom,which,whose）或連接副

詞（when,

where,how,why）引導(dǎo)，因為連接

代詞或連接副詞在從句中擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意義，所以不可以省略。Do

you

know

what

he

said

just

now

?I

don’t

remember

when

we

arrived

.I

asked

him

where

I

could

get

so

much

money

.Please

tell

me

who

(whom)

we

have

to

see

.Do

you

know

what

time

the

plane

leaves

?由連接代詞what,whom,whose,which,what及連接副詞when,

where,

how,why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句He

asked

who

could

answer

the

question

.(誰能回答這個問題）Do

you

know whom

they

are

waiting

fo.r（他們在等誰）Heasked whose

handwriting

was

the

best

in

the.

class（誰的書法是班上最好的）4.Please

tell

mewhen

we’ll

have

a

meetin.g（我們什么時候開會）Can

you

tell

me

where

he

is

.（他在哪兒）Could

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

station.（我該怎么去車站）Wouldyoutellme why

the

train

is

late（為什么火車遲到了）帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句how

oftenhow

longhow

far

ithow

manyhow

oldhow

soohow

muchit

costs

to

fly

toyou

go

abroad

for

athe

meeting

will

last

?is

to

the

cinema

.students

there

are

inhis

brother

is

?n

you

will

be

ready

.Could

you

tell

usHainan

?Could

you

tell

usholiday

?Could

you

tell

usI

don’t

knowPlease

tell

usyour

school

?Can

you

tell

usPlease

tell

us1.

The

youngman

asked

D

it's

summer

or

winter.A.

either B.

that C.

weather D.

whetherWedon'tknow

A

they

did

it

.A.

how B.

who C.

what D.

whichThe

teacher

asks

us

BJim

can

come

back

on

time.A.

that B.

if C.

when D.

what

time

Does

anybody

know

C

we will

have

a

sportsmeeting

this

weekend

or

not

.A.

if B.

where C.

whether D.

that5.Iwonder

B

he

is

crying

now

.A.

that B.

why C.

how D.

whenHaveyoufoundout

A

we

can

do

on

Hainan Island

?A.

what B.

how C.

if D.

whetherLilysaid

B

she

had

finished

her

composition

.A.

if B.

that C.

when D.

whereIdon’tknow

D

he

still

lives

here

.A.

where B.

what C.

when D.

whether二、時態(tài)如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時等）I

know

he

lives

here

.I

know

he

lived

here

ten

years

ago

.I

have

heard

that

he

will

come

tomorrow

.2.如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）I

knew

who

lived

here.I

saw

she

was

talking

with

her

mother.He

asked

whether

his

father

would

come

backtomorrow.He

said

that

he

had

seen

it

.3.當從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteacher

said

that

the

earthtravels around

the

sun

.1.

I

didn’t

know

what

time

he theletter.(write)5.

Our

teacher

told

us

in

class

the

sun in

theeast.

(rise)6.Canyoutellmewhatthey

did

yesterday?

(do)wroteMiss

Wangtoldmethattheearth

moves(move) round

the

sun.Could

you

tell

me

who

has

taken

away

the

book already?

(take)LingFengtoldmehe hadbeen

to

Shanghai

severaltimes.

(be)rises賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例如：Where

does

he

live?I

don’t

know.=

I

don’t

know

where

he

lives.Did

the

students

have

a

picnic

last

Sunday

? Do

you

know

?Do

you

know

if/whether

the

students

had

a

picnic

lastSunday

?Mr.

Smith

have

been

in

China

for

about

threeyears

.Jim

told

Lin

Tao.Jim

told

Lin

Tao

(that)

Mr

Smith

had

been

in

China

forabout

three

years

.3.

Which

book

should

I

read

first

?Please

tell

me

.Please

tell

me

which

book

I

should

readfirst

.4.

Light

travels

faster

than

sound

.Our

teacher

told

us

in

yesterday’s

class

.Our

teacher

told

us

(that)

light

travels

fasterthan

sound

in

yesterday’s

class

.could / would是委婉語氣，而不是過去式，因此賓語從句的時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況用不同時態(tài)。Could

you

please

tell

me

where

we

show

ourtickets

?Could

you

tell

us

which

gate

we

have

to

go

to

?Would

you

like

to

know

when

he

will

come

back

?tips2.如果主句的謂語動詞是ask時，連詞不可能是that；如果主句的謂語動詞是say時，連詞用thatShe

says

(that)

she

will

leave

a

message

onhis

desk

.He

said

(that)

he

was

going

to

take

care

ofthe

child

.He

asks

if

I

like

playing

the

piano

.Youmay

ask

the

man

overthere

how

youcan

getto

the

bus

station

.3.如果從句中含有or或ornot時，只能用whether而不用ifCould

you

tell

me

whether

that’s

a

fasttrain

or

not

?Do

you

know

whether

he

is

right

or

not

?I

don’t

care

whether

he’ll

stay

here

or

not

.A.

what

day

was

itC.

who

she

was

waitingB.

when

the

train

arrivedD.

where

did

you

liveD1.

Could

you

show

me

?how

can

I

get

to

the

stationwhere

is

the

stationhow

I

could

get

to

the

stationhow

I

can

reach

the

station2.Pleasetellme

C

.A.

what

does

he

like B.

what

he

does

likeC.

what

he

likes D.

what

he

like3.Mysistertoldhim

B

.A.

would

goC.

had

to

goB.

to

goD.will

goCould

you

tell

me

how

much

D

to

fly

to Hainan

?do

it

cost B.does

it

costC.it

cost D.itcostsThe

small

children

don't

know

B

.what

is

their

stockings

inwhat

is

in

their

stockingswhere

is

their

stockings

inwhat

in

their

stockings4.

Could

you

tell

me

where

we

D

next

week

.同位語從句同位語從句the

Appositive

clause(1)

同位語從句的定義在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句稱為同位語從句。同位語從句是名詞性從句的一種。它在句中起同位語的作用。它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth

,hope,problem,decision,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question

等名詞的后面,對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋,說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容和含義。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that,連接副詞how,when,where,whether,

what等。e.g.

The

problem

whether

we

should

continue

to

do

the

experiment

has

been

solved.I

have

no

idea

when

he

will

come

back.同位語從句有時被別的詞把它和名詞隔開：注意:The

story

goes

that

William

Tell

killed

the

king

with

an

arrow.Word

came

that

their

team

had

won.⑵同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞:①由that引導(dǎo)（一般不可省略）The

fact

that

you

haven’t

enough

time

to

do

the

work

is

unbelievable.②用whether,how,when,where,why等引導(dǎo)。

eg:

I

have

no

idea

how

he

did

it.注意：除that外，其余連詞在從句中都具有各自的意義和成分。eg:

He

must

answer

the

question

whether

he

agrees

to

it

or

not.狀語You

have

no

idea

how

worried

I

was.

狀語③有時可用that

is

to

say

(也就是說),in

other

words(換句話說),thatis(那就是),for

example，namely等引出同位語,說明其前面的名詞或代詞。有時同位語直接跟在名詞或代詞的后面。There

is

only

one

way

of

improving

your

English

,that

is

,

to

practice

more.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別To

be

continued…1.Oneofthemheldtheview

thebook

said

wasright.A.

what

thatC.

thatB.

that

whatD.

whether單項選