《國際商務(wù)合同雙語教程》（第二版）課后答案

《國際商務(wù)合同雙語教程》（第二版）章后習(xí)題參考答案Chapter1Ⅰ.Single?choice.1.C2.D3.C4.B5.D6.B7.D8.C9.D10.AⅡ.Gap-filling.(1)agreement;(2)memorandum;(3)adverseinterests;(4)provisions;(5)formation;(6)valuesandpractices;(7)legalsystems;(8)mutualunderstanding;(9)rightsandobligations;(10)choiceofremedies.Ⅲ.Discussion1.(a)Acontractisanagreementthatdefinesarelationshipbetweenoneormoreparties.(b)Theroleofcontractsininternationalcommercialisparticularlyimportantwithrespecttothefollowingaspects,suchasbalanceofpower,cross-borderrightsandobligations,governinglaw,choiceofremedies,andthelike.2.(a)Thetypicalsituationconcerningbalanceofpowerbetweenthepartiestoacontractisthepartiestoacontractrightsandobligationsofequivalence.(b)Byinsuranceorbylaw.3.(a)Therightsandobligationsinthecontractshouldbeclear,therearetworeasons:oneisthedifferentbusinesspracticesoftheparties:thesecondisbasedoninternationallawpresumptionofterms;theresultmaybeuncertainoradverse.(b)Inordertodothis,thepartiesshouldbedefinedintheformofawrittencontracttherightsandobligations,avoidbecauseofgeographical,socialvaluesandhabits,thedifferencesbetweenthelegalaspects,andinthetradingprocessofmisunderstandingordispute.4.(a)Firstly,culturedeterminesthepeopleengagedinbusinessactivitiesbetweendifferentcountrieshavetofollowtherules.Secondly,yoursuccessinforeigntradewilldependonhowflexibleyouarerecognizingandrespectingthecultureofotherpeople.Thirdly,cultureaffectstheacceptanceofyourgoodsorservicesinforeignmarket.Lastbutnotleast,thepartiesconcernedhavedifferentculturalbackground,people’svalues,waysofthinking,behavior,language,anddifferentcustomsandhabits,whichdeterminesthesuccessorfailureofnegotiation.(b)Firstly,whenmakingacommitmenttoperformaninternationalcommercialcontract,considertheotherparty’sculturebeforeyouact.Secondly,thepartiesshoulddefinetheirmutualunderstandingincontractual.Thirdly,recognizingandrespectingtheparty’sculture.5.(a)Forexample:Face-to-face,bytelephones,letters,emails,facsimiletransmissionsorprintedformsofsomekinds.(b)Printedformsmakethecommitmentdeep.Printedformisdifferentfromotherwaysofmakingacommitment.Itcandefinitetherightandobligation.Ifyoumakeacommitmentthatsportswriterinpaper,theotherpartieswillnotcarryoutitaccordingtothecontract.6.(a)THEKEY:Therearethreedifferentlawsmaygovernaninternationalcontract:thelawsofyourowncountries,thelawsoftheothercountries,andthelawsofinternationalcommunity.(b)Itisbettertochoosethelawsofinternationalcommunityforaninternationalcommercialcontract.7.(a)Mainbody,witnessclauses,preamble.(b)Yes.8.(a)Theimportanceofremedyincontractisasfollows:(1)Whenthepartiesdispute,allowthepartiestothecontracthavemoreformaldocumentscanreference,canpreventonepartytakeadvantageoftheloopholesinthelaw.(2)Whenreceivethegoodspartylosses,andcansafeguardtherightsandinterestsofthedamagedparty.(b)Thebasictypesofremediesinthecontractare:repair,redoing,replacement,return,makingupthequantityofacommodity,toreducethepriceorremuneration,returnthepaymentforgoodsandservices,andcompensateforthelosses.Amongactualtransaction,theapplicationofremedialmeasuresshouldbeasfollows:(1)Totakeremedialmeasuresapplicabletocontractsforqualityisnotqualifiedforbreachofcontractwasnotprescribedorclearlyprescribed,andcannotbedeterminedinaccordancewitharticle61ofthecontractlawisstillonthepremiseoftheliabilityforbreachofcontract.(2)Shouldbebasedonthenatureofthesubjectmatterandlosssize,determinethecorrespondingremedy.(3)Theinjuredpartytoremedyhaveoptions,butshallreasonablyselected.9.(a)Fromlegalpointofview,avalidcontracthasfiveessentialrequirements:(1)Anagreementconcludedthroughofferandacceptancebetweentheparties;(2)Considerationorcause;(3)Anintentiontocreatelegalrelations;(4)Legalcompetenceofeachparty;(5)Legalformalities.(b)ChineseContractLawrequiresthatthecontractmustbelegal,feasible,andrigorous.Withthetermsofthecontractshouldbecomplete.Therightsandobligationsbetweenthepartiesmustbeclearandspecific.Thewordsofthecontractareaccurate.Thetermsofthecontractshouldbeinaccordancewiththelaws,policiesandsomeregulations.10.(a)Birth-EntryofInternationalContracts:Theinternationalcontractisatoolforinternationalbusinessorinternationalcooperationundertheruleoflaw.However,inordertomakeagoodbeneficialcontract,thecontractpartiesmustexerttheirbesteffortsintermsofunderstandingthelegalcultureofthecontractingparties,legalterminology,andtheeconomicimplicationofthetermsandconditionsofthecontract.(b)Aging-ContractPerformanceandContractAmendment:TheLatinwordsofPactSuntServandameaning“thepromisemustbekept”havebeenalsoamaximoftheinternationalbusinesscontract.However,thebusinessworldhasbeen.Ⅳ.CaseStudy.ThiscaseistheChineseandforeigngoodsbusinesscases.ThecaseisaboutthedisputeoveroralgoodsagreementreachedbetweenYuanfengCompanyinChinaandP.BoucherCompanyinCanada.BasedontheintroductionofthemiddlemanandtrusttoCanadaparty，Chinesepartyreachedanoralexportagreementofwet?bluecattlehideswiththeCanadianside.Accordingtotheagreement，ChinapartydeliveredUSD437，800ofgoodstoCanada，theCanadiansideacceptedthegoodsandissuedaconfirmation，butdidnotmakepayment.ThereforeChinafiledalawsuit.TheCanadiansidecounterclaimedthattherewasnocontractrelationshipbetweenbothpartiesbecausebothpartiesaremembersoftheCISG，andArticle11ofCISGarereservedinChina.Thatis，forChineseparty，theinternationalsalesofgoodscontractshouldbemadeinwriting.Thiscaseinvolvedtheissuesoftheformofcontract，enforcementandapplicablelaw.Itreflectstheimportanceofawrittencontractininternationalbusiness，namelyitwillbebetterthattheinternationalsalesofgoodscontractbetweenChineseandforeignshouldbeconcludedinwrittenformtofacilitatethecontractperformedsmoothly，avoidandsolvecontractdisputes，alsoitcanpreventtheotherlegalloophole.Chapter2TranslatethefollowingcontractclausesintoChinese.Payattentiontotheusageofthewordsunderlined.1.不論港口習(xí)慣是否與本款規(guī)定相反，貨主都應(yīng)晝夜地，包括星期日和假日(如承運(yùn)人需要），無間斷地供貨和提貨。貨主對違反本款規(guī)定所引起的所有損失或損壞，包括滯期應(yīng)負(fù)擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。2.如果仲裁人未履行仲裁員職，應(yīng)根據(jù)本條例的規(guī)定，選擇或者指定另一名仲裁員。3.所有因本合同的履行而產(chǎn)生的爭議，由雙方通過友好協(xié)商談判，不可能達(dá)成和解的，應(yīng)向中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會提交仲裁，仲裁裁決為終局裁決，對雙方有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用由敗訴方承擔(dān)。4.專利技術(shù)意味著專利和專利應(yīng)用,目前或在未來乙方擁有或獲得，乙方已經(jīng)或可能有權(quán)授予許可，本合同的有效期內(nèi)任何或所有世界上的國家在本合同產(chǎn)品的制造中適用或可用此專利。5.乙方有權(quán)利同意給予甲方使用、制造、銷售專利技術(shù)合同產(chǎn)品的權(quán)利，甲方可使用乙方的專利技術(shù)生產(chǎn)和銷售合同產(chǎn)品。6.本合同當(dāng)事人授權(quán)的代表通過友好協(xié)商，同意按照下列規(guī)定的條款、條件和規(guī)定訂立本合同。7.銷售合同是指賣方轉(zhuǎn)讓貨物所有權(quán)給買方，買方為該貨物支付貨款。8.第65.1條的規(guī)定，由于運(yùn)輸?shù)牟牧匣驈S家的原因，如果與此相關(guān)或去到此地點(diǎn)的橋梁或道路有任何損害,一旦意識到損害的存在或收到官方的索賠，承包商應(yīng)通知工程師及雇主。9.盡管合同中有其他條款，如果合同擬根據(jù)這些條件或其他條款的任何條款要求支付任何額外款項(xiàng)，承包商應(yīng)在事件發(fā)生后28天內(nèi)首次提出索賠，并將其意圖通知工程師，并將副本通知雇主。10.除非雙方另有明確約定，這些條款適用于所有的跟單信用證，包括備用信用證，適用于所涉及的信用各方，并對合同雙方有約束力。11.除非信用證中另有規(guī)定，銀行將接受在信用證規(guī)定的期限之前，在信用證和本條款規(guī)定的期限內(nèi)所提交的單據(jù)。12.公司的員工和工人可依法組織工會開展工會活動，保護(hù)職工的合法權(quán)益。公司應(yīng)當(dāng)為公司工會的活動提供必要的條件。13.有關(guān)的通知應(yīng)說明開證行拒絕接受單據(jù)的有關(guān)異議，并說明銀行是否會持有單據(jù)等待處置，或者將其返還給匯票持有人（如有可能，匯付行或受益人）。14.在這個(gè)事件中，任何一方都不遵守本協(xié)議的條款或條件，并于本合同另一方發(fā)出書面通知后90天內(nèi)，未能糾正這一錯(cuò)誤，當(dāng)事人發(fā)出通知后，可以立即通知對方當(dāng)事人，并終止本協(xié)議。15.不可撤銷的信用證有明確的開證行。如果規(guī)定提交的單據(jù)符合信用證的條款和條件，并與信用證的條款和條件相符，同時(shí)，如信用證是即期付款信用證，應(yīng)付款或保證付款。16.這些條款的目的，運(yùn)輸單據(jù)的開立日期應(yīng)晚于簽發(fā)日期和運(yùn)輸單據(jù)上注明的收據(jù)戳記日期之間的日期。17.如果貨物在到達(dá)目的港后的質(zhì)量、數(shù)量、重量與合同規(guī)定的條款不相符，買方可以根據(jù)雙方同意的檢驗(yàn)機(jī)構(gòu)出具的檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告，向賣方提出索賠，但保險(xiǎn)公司或運(yùn)輸公司應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)。18.如果運(yùn)輸船只如期到達(dá)裝運(yùn)港，賣方未按規(guī)定的時(shí)間裝船，賣方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任何滯期費(fèi)。19.在此證明，本合同將在雙方制作并簽署后生效。本合同一式兩份，雙方各持有一份副本。20.由當(dāng)事人購買和出售的證券轉(zhuǎn)換,可以以代幣券的形式或者國務(wù)院證券監(jiān)督管理機(jī)構(gòu)規(guī)定的其他形式進(jìn)行。Chapter3Ⅰ.PleasereadthefollowingEnglishcontents,andpointoutrespectivelywhichparttheybelongto:A.title;B.introduction;C.body;D.ending.1.B2.C3.A4.DⅡ.PleaseclassifythestructureofthefollowingEnglishcontract.（1）標(biāo)題為“STOCKPURCHASEAGREEMENT”；（2）導(dǎo)言為“THISAGREEMENT”開始的第一段至以thepartiesdoherebyagreeasfollows:為標(biāo)志的結(jié)尾處；（3）正文為導(dǎo)言部分以下至條款1.6結(jié)尾處；（4）最后部分為結(jié)尾部分。Ⅲ.Translation.1.TranslatethetitleofthefollowingcontractintoEnglishcover.Cover:Project:theconstructionofZhejiangParadiseJukuPartyA：NingboChemicalPlantofZhejiang,ChinaPartyB:HuvisChemicalCompanyofSouthKoreaonSign:inJune2018.2.TranslatethefollowingEnglishtechnicalcontractdirectoryintoChinese.目錄序言條款1定義和解釋條款2原產(chǎn)國和制造商條款3交貨期條款4裝運(yùn)港條款5目的港條款6付款條件條款7保險(xiǎn)條款8包裝條款9裝運(yùn)條款條款10質(zhì)量的保證條款條款11不可抗力仲裁檢驗(yàn)條款條款12金額條款13檢測條款14傭金條款15運(yùn)營條款16維護(hù)…條款20技術(shù)人員條款21語言附錄1：工作安排附錄2：規(guī)格附錄3：圖紙附錄4：人員培訓(xùn)安排表3.TranslatethefollowingEnglishpartiesclausesintoChinese.A公司（以下簡稱“甲方”）與B公司（以下簡稱“乙方”）于202×年5月5日在四川成都簽訂本合同年。4.TranslatethefollowingEnglishcertificateandsignatureclausesintoChinese.茲證明，委托方與項(xiàng)目顧問同意此咨詢協(xié)議并按照相關(guān)法律執(zhí)行，日期如上面所寫。秦建川哈比比(簽字)(簽字)總經(jīng)理總經(jīng)理東方雄獅貿(mào)易公司DalHandelsa咨詢合伙公司Chapter4I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:1.TheChairmanshallhaveacastingvoteintheeventthatthevotesareequallydividedintheBoardofDirectors.2.IntheeventofanyviolationofthisAgreementbyeitherparty，theotherisentitledtoreceivethecompensationfordamagecausedthereby.3.ContractpriceshallmeantheglobalpricereferredtoinArticle(…)subjecttosuchadditionstheretoordeductionstherefromasmaybemadeundertheprovisionshereinaftercontained.4.Therequirementforminimumproductionorpaymentofroyaltiesinlieushallbeprorated.5.Suchsaleandpurchaseshallbemadesubjecttothefollowing.6.Theparties，inconsiderationofthemutualagreementshereincontained，doherebyagreeasfollows.7.Therealestateconsistsofthelandtogetherwithallbuildingsandimprovementsthereon.8.TheEngineershallbepaidthereforatstandardpricesfixedbytheCompany.9.NoOfficerorDirectorshallhaveanyinterestinanytrademarksortradenamesusedinorpertainingtothebusinessofSeller.10.Onfailuretocomplywithsuchdemandthis,obligationshallbedeemedtobedueandpayableimmediately.Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese：1.制造商可采取向其增加一種或幾種商品并固定其市價(jià)的方法,修改或改變本價(jià)目表。2.每當(dāng)工程師做出各項(xiàng)決定時(shí)，承包商必須隨之加以遵守。3.合營公司應(yīng)執(zhí)行本協(xié)議，并受到與本協(xié)議有關(guān)日期的約束。4.本節(jié)所提的限制僅適用于列入上述名單中的那些客戶（顧客）。5.假如你準(zhǔn)備接受它，就請?jiān)谶@里附上的證件空白處注明。6.如果因?yàn)榻?jīng)營者沒有履行修改的義務(wù)，公司有權(quán)立即進(jìn)行修改，一切費(fèi)用由經(jīng)營者承擔(dān)。7.如果前述的原因是承包商引起的話，那么，該項(xiàng)補(bǔ)救搢施的費(fèi)用應(yīng)由承包商支付。8.如果由于特許產(chǎn)品的使用而引起乙方起訴要求侵害的賠償，甲方同意這種做法。9.除非當(dāng)事人各方提出或書面同意放棄聽證，否則，證言的聽取必須由與許可證協(xié)議有關(guān)的全體當(dāng)事人參加10.所有以及其他的或?qū)儆诨蚱鹨蛴诿總€(gè)子公司的權(quán)益，都應(yīng)認(rèn)為已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)讓給買方，而不必再訂條款或契約。Chapter5I.TranslatethefollowingEnglish:1.Eachbankisauditedannuallybyacertifiedpublicaccountant。2.You’dbettersendyouraccountanttocheckthestatement.3.Wehavetolodgeaclaimagainstyouforthedamageoftheship.4.ThecourtorderedPartyAtopay￡10000damagestoPartyBforthelosssustained.5.PaymentforthegoodsspecifiedhereinshallnotmeanafullacceptancethereofbytheBuyerwithregardtoitsquality.AllgoodsshallbeacceptedonlyaftertheBuyer’scloseinspection.6.Ifaforeignauditorregisteredinothercountryisnecessarytobeemployedtoundertakeannualfinancialcheckingandexamination，PartyAshallgiveitsconsent.AlltheexpensesthereofshallbebornebyParty.7.Thefirsttechnicalserviceshallstartinthesixthdayafterthecontractcomesintoeffect.PartyBshallsendaspecialisttoPartyA’sfactorytoprovidetechnicalservicefor12workingdays.8.Alltaxes1customsdutiesandotherexercisearisinginconnectionwiththeperformanceofthecontractoutsidetheterritoryofPartyA’scountryshallbebornebyPartyB.9.Whenthetime,fordeliverymentionedintheContractisanestimateonly，eitherpartymayaftertheexpirationoftwothirdsuchestimatedtimerequire,theotherpartyinwritingtoagreea,fixedtime.10.Themanufacturershall,beforethegoodsisdeliveredover,makeapreciseandcomprehensiveinspectionofthegoodswithregardtoitsquality，specifications，performanceandquantity,weight,andissueinspectioncertificatescertifyingthetechnicaldataandconclusionoftheinspection.Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese：1.全套清潔海運(yùn)提單正本三份，可轉(zhuǎn)讓，以發(fā)運(yùn)人為抬頭，空白背書，通知目的港的中國對外貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸公司。2.如果未能按照計(jì)劃保持預(yù)期的（施工）進(jìn)度，承包商須說明理由，并建議消除拖延原因的方法。3.開證行應(yīng)有一個(gè)合理的時(shí)間來審核單據(jù)。4.仔細(xì)檢查，才發(fā)現(xiàn)它是偽造物。5.在設(shè)備制造期間，如有必要，將邀請買方代表參加在賣方工廠舉行的進(jìn)展評定會，會上由賣方報(bào)告進(jìn)展的情況與計(jì)劃完成的情況。6.被許可方的記錄、檔案以及會計(jì)賬簿必須保持真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確。其中會計(jì)賬簿內(nèi)容包括為計(jì)算和稽核本協(xié)議范圍所負(fù)擔(dān)款項(xiàng)所必需的全部合理數(shù)據(jù)，以及為所規(guī)定的財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表提供所需的材料。7.承包人應(yīng)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，并稽查建設(shè)工廠所需的一切設(shè)備、機(jī)械和材料，其中包括各種備用零部件。8.這一仲裁裁決是終局性的，對雙方均有約束力。9.買方認(rèn)為，如果紙板箱包裝的效果使買方用戶滿意，則賣方在今后的業(yè)務(wù)中可繼續(xù)使用這種包裝。10.如果任何一方以實(shí)物或工業(yè)產(chǎn)權(quán)作價(jià)出資，甲、乙雙方應(yīng)另行訂立合同，作為本合同的組成部分。Chapter6Ⅰ.Multiple?choice.1.A2.D3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.C9.D10.DⅡ.Gap?Filling.(1)parties;(2)interests;(3)thirdpersons;(4)salestransaction;(5)salescontract;(6)contractterms;(7)payment;(8)retailer;(9)delivered;(10)recourse.Ⅲ.Discussion.Buyerandseller.The“Privityofcontract”meansthatundersalestransaction,contractrightsandobligationsofthepartiesconcernedonbothbuyerandselleronlycommonlyproducebinding,andthethirdpartycan’tbefiledforenforcingthecontractevenifthethirdpartywithjointinterestrelationshipbetweenthepartiestoacontract.(1)Thebuyermaybeinthemiddleorattheendoftheconsumingchain.Becausehemaybeonlywanttogettheuserightofgoodstomakehislifebetter.However,hemaybealsoasellerwhowantstoresellgoodstoearnprofits.(2)Thesellermaybeatthebeginningorinthemiddleoftheconsumingchain.Becausehemaybeaproducerthensellthegoodsproducedbyhisown.However,hemaybeonlyasellersellingothercompany’sgoodstoearnprofit.(1)Asasellerinatransaction,heonlywantstoearnprofitsbysellinggoods.(2)However,asabuyerinatrade,hemayhavetwogoals.First,heonlywantstogettheuserightofgoodstomakehislifebetter.Second,hemaybealsoasellerwhowantstoresellgoodstoearnprofits.(1)Asabuyer,first,youshouldchooseagoodproducerwhohasagoodreputationwhensellinggoods,becauseitwillbeasmallchanceforyoutogettheinferiorgoodsfromhisproducts.(2)Then,youshouldchooseagoodtransportationcompanywhichisresponsibleforthegoods.Thisisaneffectivewaytoprotectthegoodsfromdamaged.(3)Last,choosearightsellerwhowillnotsetthebuyerasideaftersellingthegoodsandinsureyourproblemswillbesolvedintime.(1)First,wemustlearntoinnovationourgoods,developthenewproducts.(2)Then,weneedtocultivateourservicepersonnelandpublicist,beresponsibleforourownproductsandguests.Customsclearance,insurance,hospitalitycosts,andsoon.Thebottom-lineanswertothequestion“whyshouldthecontractpartiesconsultalawyer”is“youcanendupinalotoffinancialandlegaltroublebecauseofyourignoranceorinnocence.”Attheleast,thelawyerwillgiveyousomeadviceaboutriskprevention,thefairnessoftermsofcontract,therightsandobligationsofbothparties,moreoverhelpyourecognizewhethertheotherparty’sprocedureiscompleted.(1)First,weshouldconsultanattorneybeforesigningthecontractinordertoconfirmwhethe