現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1.肯定式：主語＋have/hasbeendone

Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting．他已被挑選出來參加運(yùn)動會。Twowindowshavebeenbroken．兩個(gè)窗子被打破了。否定式：主語＋have/hasnotbeendoneTheconstructionofthebridgehasnotbeenfinished．橋的建設(shè)還沒有完成。Thecarhasnotbeenrepaired．這輛汽車還沒有修好。疑問式：疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋beendone．．．？Howlonghasherworkbeenfinished？她的工作完成有多久了？Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?下次會議的日期已決定了嗎？Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?電池多久沒有更換了？用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Theproblemhasalreadybeensolved．問題已經(jīng)解決了。Thedoorhasbeenlocked．門被鎖上了。（結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在沒有人能進(jìn)去）表示一個(gè)被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于“Howlong．．．？”句型中。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?這部電影已放映多長時(shí)間了？Theyhavebeentoldaboutitformanytimes有人告訴他們這事很多次了。（可能還會有人告訴他們）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語：already，yet，sincethen，eversince，ever，foralongtime，sofar，bynow，inrecentyears，in/during/overthepast/lastyears，recently/lately等。

Hewillgiveusalecture,butwhenandwherehasn’tbeendecidedyet．他將給我們做報(bào)告，但是在何時(shí)何地還沒決定。

Theyhavebeenpunishedrecently.他們最近剛被處罰。注意事項(xiàng)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)有兩個(gè)助動詞，即have／has和been，兩者缺一不可。2.只帶有一個(gè)賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。Shehasalreadypunishedhim．＝Hehasalreadybeenpunishedbyher．她已經(jīng)懲罰了他。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.=Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears(byus).3.帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)保留不動。Wehavegivenhimthebook.＝Hehasbeengiventhebook.＝Thebookhasbeengiventohim.我們給他一本書。帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補(bǔ)改為主語補(bǔ)足語。原來省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，被動語態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。

Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.=Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.我已經(jīng)告訴他們來幫助你。短語動詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動結(jié)構(gòu)中要保持完整性，不可省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。

Theyhavereferredtothebooks.=Thebookshavebeenreferredto(bythem).他們查詢了這書本。注意與一般過去時(shí)被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動的動作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻，其結(jié)果對現(xiàn)在沒有影響；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動語態(tài)的動作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重說明該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。例如：Thehousewasbuiltlastyear．這房子是去年建造的。Thehousehasbeenbuilt．這房子已經(jīng)建好了。鞏固練習(xí)題一、單句語法填空OvertimeI(change)quitealot.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications____________(find)byme.I____________also____________(put)intorobotsand____________(use)tomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.Morethan100famousfilms____________(show)inthecitysinceJuly.Threenewschools____________(open)inourcityinthepastfiveyears.It’sthefirsttimethattheoldcomputer____________(check)sinceIboughtit.Theirnewcars____________(advertise)ontheInternetforalongtime.Anewlibraryandagymnasiuminourschool____________(set)upsofarandtheywillbeputintouseverysoon.Havechanged把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1.Theyhaveinterviewedseveralteachersforthejob.Someonehasputthebookunderthebenchformorethantwodays.Tomhasn’tsoldoutallthemagazines．Haveyoufoundwaystomakewastewaterclean?Thetyphoonhasdamagedthebridgesbecauseofitsstrongwind.翻譯下面句子1.________________________(男孩們已經(jīng)被多次告知)nottoswiminthatlake,butitdoesn’tmakeanydifference.2.WearegladtobetoldthatLiTao________________________________(已經(jīng)被復(fù)旦大學(xué)錄取)forhistopscoresintheMathsContest.3.Whenandwheretogofortheholiday________________________(沒有確定)yet.4.Thoughwedon’tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopic______________________(已被改變了).5.Thatbook________________(被翻譯成)intoatleast20foreignlanguagessofar.一、單句語法填空1.havebeenchanged2.havebeenfound3.have；beenput；used4.havebeenshown5.havebeenopened6.hasbeenchecked7.havebeenadvertised8.havebeenset二、把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。1．Severalteachershavebeeninterviewedforthejob.2．Thebookhasbeenputunderthebenchformorethantwodays.3．AllthemagazineshavenotbeensoldoutbyTom．4．Havewaysbeenfoundtomakewastewatercleanbyyou?5．Thebridge