講課肺癌英文演示文稿

講課肺癌英文演示文稿本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第1頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分WhatisLungCancer?Beginswhencellsinthelunggrowoutofcontrolandformatumor本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第2頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分EtiologyandpathogenesisCigarettesmokingOtherfactorsincludeairpollutionsNowadaysItisreportedthattuberculosisisassociatedwiththeincidenceoflungcancer

本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第3頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分ClassificationsAccordingtoanatomy:(1)Centrallung(2)peripherallungcancer本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第4頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第5頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Accordingtohistologicclassification:Smallcelllungcancer(SCLC)andNon-smallcelllungcancer(NSCLC).NSCLCincludesSquamouscellcarcinoma,largecellcarcinoma,adenocarcinoma,adenosquamouscarcinoma.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第6頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Smallcelllungcancer(SCLC)

Oat-cellcarcinoma

SCLCgrowsveryrapidlyandisveryaggressive.Soonaftertheoriginalcellbecomescancerous,itquicklymultipliestoformatumor.ThesecellsswiftlyspreadtodistantsitesinthebodySCLCbelongsinagroupoftumorsderivedfromneuroendocrinecellsthatareresponsiblefortheproductionandsecretionofspecificpeptideproduct.theymayrelatedtoparaneoplasticsyndrome.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第7頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Cellsareovalorvaguelyspindle-shaped,havescantcytoplasm本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第8頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第9頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分

Squamouscellcarcinomathemostfrequentformofthetumor(30-50percentofallcasesbronchialepitheliumandgrowthinsituItisrelatedtocigarettesmokingCavitationcanoccureinthedistaltotheobstructingmassCentrallocation本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第10頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Intercellularbridgesandcellularpleomorphism本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第11頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第12頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分squamouscellcarcinomausuallyoccursnearthebronchi,thetumorcancausecough(sometimesacoughthatistingedwithblood),shortnessofbreath,wheezing,andpneumoniaintheareabetweenthetumorandtheedgeofthelungitcausessymptomsearlyinthedisease

本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第13頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分adenocarcinomaareasofscarringisassociatedwiththeoccurrenceofadenocarcinoma.Peripheraladenocarcinomasareusuallywell-circumscribed,grey-whitemassesthatrarelycavitate.Itarisesfromthesubmucosalglands,locatedinperipheralairwaysandalveoliFemale本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第14頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第15頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第16頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分largecellcarcinoma本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第17頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分largenuclei,prominentnucleoli,abundantcytoplsma本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第18頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分usuallylocatedperipherallycanbequitelargeandnotinfrequentlycavitate本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第19頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分theSymptomsofLungCancerFatigue(tiredness)Cough

ShortnessofbreathChestpainLossofappetiteCoughingupphlegmHemoptysis(coughingupblood)Ifcancerhasspread,symptomsincludebonepain,difficultybreathing,abdominalpain,headache,weakness,andconfusion本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第20頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Duetoprimarylesions:cough,dyspnea,hemoptysis,sputum,wheezing,weightloss,fever,pneumoniaDuetolocalextension:chestpain,hoarseness,superiorvenacavasyndrome,horner’ssyndrome,dysphagia,pericardialeffusion,pleuraleffusion,diaphragmparalysisOnly5-15percentofpatientsareasymptomaticwhendiscoveredtohavebronchogeniccarcinoma.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第21頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Regionnalspreadtohilarandmediastinalnodesmaycausedysphagiaduetoesophagealcompressionhorsenessduetorecurrentlaryngealnervecompressionhorner’ssyndromeduetosympatheticnerveinvolvementelevationofthehemidiaphragmfromphrenicnervecompression.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第22頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Superiorsulcus,orpancoast’stumormayinvolvethebrachialplexus,resultinginac7-t2neuropathywithpain,numbness,andweaknessofthearm.CardiacinvolvementisseeninAbout20-25percentofpatients

本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第23頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Extrapulmonarymanifestations.Includingmetastasistootherorgans,suchasbrain,centralnervoussystem,skeletonsystem,liver,adrenalglandsandlymphnodesects.Paraneoplasticsyndromesareremoteeffectsoftumor.Theyleadtometabolicandneuromusculardisturbancesunrelatedtotheprimarytumor,metastases,ortreatment.Theymaybethefirstsignofthetumor.Theydonotindicatethatatumorhasspread.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第24頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分PhysicalexaminationsUsuallyinearlystage,mostofthepatientswithlungcancerhavenopositivephysicalfindings.Generalfindingsincludeabnormalpercussion,breathsoundschanges,moistrales(whenpneumoniahappens)Digitalclubbing,superiorvenacavasyndrome,horner’ssyndrome(unilaterallyconstrictedpupil,enophthalmos,narrowedpalpebralfissureandlossofsweatingonthesamesideoftheface.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第25頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分PhysicalexaminationsEndobronchialobstructionmayresultinalocalizedwheezeLobarcollapsemayresultinanareaofdecreasedbreathsoundsanddullnesstopercussion.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第26頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分HowisLungCancerEvaluated?Becausealmostallpatientswillhaveatumorinthelung,achestx-rayorCTscanofthechestisperformedThediagnosismustbeconfirmedwithabiopsyThelocation(s)ofallsitesofcancerisdeterminedbyadditionalCTscans,PET(positronemissiontomography)scans,andMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)Itisimportanttofindoutifcancerstartedinthelungorsomewhereelseinthebody.Cancerarisinginotherpartsofthebodycanspreadtothelungaswell本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第27頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分ChestX-ray

ItisthemostimportantmethodtofindlungcancerThemostfrequentfindingisamassinthelungfield本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第28頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第29頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第30頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分OnchestX-ray,secondarymanifestationsincludelobarcollapse,pleuraleffusion,pneumonitis,elevationofthehemidiaphragm,hilarandmediastinaladenopathy,anderosionofribsorvertebraeduetometastases.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第31頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第32頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第33頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Obstructiveatelectasis本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第34頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分LungcanceronCT

CTisthemostusefulinevaluatingpatientswithpulmonaryandmediastinalmasses.Itisalsousefulfordetectingmultiplemetastases.CTcanshowamasstobelocatedinwhichlobeoflungfieldandthesizeofthemass.Italsoshowsthenoduleinthemediastinum.Sometimes,whenamasslocatebehindtheheart,chestX-raycan`tdetectit.CTcandetectsomesecretsitesoflungcancer.

本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第35頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第36頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Bronchoscopy本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第37頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分RigidandflexiblescopeBiopsyandselectivewashingsLargersamplesthanflexiblescopeExactlocationLobectomyPneumonectomyUnresectableSleeve本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第38頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第39頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分TransthoraciclungbiopsyItmaybeutilizedwhentumorlocatedinperipheralairway.TransthoracicneedlewithguidancebyCTcanbeusedtodetectlesionslocatednearthechestwall本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第40頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第41頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分VideoAssistedThoracicSurgeryDiagnosisofpleuraldiseaseWedgeresection本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第42頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第43頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Mediasteinoscopy&Mediasteinotomy本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第44頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第45頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分DiagnosesunresectablediseaseEliminateN2diseasefromsurgicalresection本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第46頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分ThoracotomyIfthemethodsmentionedabovearenotusefulfordetectingthecelltypeoflungcancer,thoracotomymaybeused本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第47頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分StagingoflungcancerStagingisawayofdescribingacancer,suchasthesizeofthetumorandwhereithasspreadStagingisthemostimportanttooldoctorshavetodetermineapatient’sprognosis

ThetypeoftreatmentapersonreceivesdependsonthestageofthecancerStagingisdifferentfornon-smallcelllungcancerandsmallcelllungcancer

本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第48頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分StageINon-SmallCellLungCancerCancerisfoundonlyinthelungSurgicalremovalrecommendedRadiationtherapyand/orchemotherapymayalsobeused本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第49頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分StageIINon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtolymphnodesinthelungTreatmentissurgerytoremovethetumorandnearbylymphnodesChemotherapyrecommended;radiationtherapysometimesgivenafterchemotherapy

本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第50頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分StageIIINon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtothelymphnodeslocatedinthecenterofthechest,outsidethelungStageIIIAcancerhasspreadtolymphnodesinthechest,onthesamesidewherethecanceroriginatedStageIIIBcancerhasspreadtolymphnodesontheoppositesideofthechest,underthecollarbone,orthepleura(liningofthechestcavity)SurgeryorradiationtherapywithchemotherapyrecommendedforstageIIIAChemotherapyandsometimesradiationtherapyrecommendedforstageIIIB

本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第51頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分StageIVNon-SmallCellLungCancerThecancerhasspreadtodifferentlobesofthelungortootherorgans,suchasthebrain,bones,andliverStageIVnon-smallcelllungcanceristreatedwithchemotherapy本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第52頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分Smallcelllungcancerhasoftenmetastasizedatthetimeofdiagnosis.TNMstagingisnotsuitedtosmallcelllungcancer.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第53頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分TreatmentIncluding:A:SurgeryB:ChemotherapyC:RadiationtherapyD:Someothertherapyimmunologictherapy,Chinesetraditionaltherapy本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第54頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分SurgeryNon-smallcelllungcancer:patientswithstageIandIIareconsideredcandidatesforsurgicalresection,withstageIIIcancermaybecandidatesforsurgerywithpostoperativeradiationofthemediastinum.本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第55頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分本文檔共62頁；當(dāng)前第56頁；編輯于星期六\17點(diǎn)12分SurgeryWemustmeasurepulmon