2023年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)名詞和不定式課件

動(dòng)名詞和不定式Gerunds動(dòng)名詞Agerundisaverbal;thatis,awordformderivedfromaverb.Eventhoughtheyarederived

fromverbs,verbalsperformgrammaticalfunctionsthatrealverbscannot.Gerundsareverbals

thatactasnouns動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞性動(dòng)詞;也就是說(shuō)，從動(dòng)詞衍生出來(lái)的詞形。盡管動(dòng)詞是由動(dòng)詞衍生而來(lái)的，但是動(dòng)詞具有真正的動(dòng)詞所不能具有的語(yǔ)法功能。動(dòng)名詞是充當(dāng)名詞的動(dòng)詞Gerunds動(dòng)名詞Movingtoanewcityisalwaysstressful.Ienjoylisteningtomusicandreadingbooks.MentioningthistoBarbarawouldbeabigmistake.Gerundslookidenticaltopresentparticiples(baseformofverb+–ing),buttheydonotactlike

presentparticiples.Inthefirstsentence,thegerundmovingisactingasthenounsubjectofthesentence.動(dòng)名詞看起來(lái)和現(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)詞+-ing的基本形式)一樣，但它們的行為不像現(xiàn)在分詞。在第一個(gè)句子中，動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)句子的名詞主語(yǔ)。Gerunds動(dòng)名詞Movingisstressful.subject(noun)linkingverbcomplement(adjective)Inthesecondsentence,thegerundslisteningandreadingaredirectobjectsoftheverbenjoy.Gerundsareoftenpartofphrases.Movingtoanewcityincludesthegerundandaprepositional

phrasemodifyingit,butgrammatically,itisoneunitinthesentence,actingasasubject.ExampleProblemsIdentifythegerundsinthesesentences.1.ManagingthestoreisbecomingaburdenforStella.Answer:Managing.Becomingisnotagerund;itispartofthepresentprogressivetense

verbisbecoming.2.Iamlookingforwardtomeetingyouinperson.Answer:Meeting.Lookingispartofthepresentprogressiveverbamlooking.WorkProblems1.(Read)and(write)arevitalskills.2.(Jog)hasneverbeenmyfavoriteformofexercise.3.(Hear)MayaAngelouspeakwasinspiring.4.Wecannotaskhimtohelpwithout(alert)himtoourplans.5.Practice(swing)thebatwithafluidmotion.WorkProblems6.Hemadealivingby(repair)antiquecars.7.Theydonotseemtohavetimeforanythingbut(drink)and(stay)outlate.8.Themanager’sresponsibilitiesare(supervise)employeesand(schedule)workshifts.9.(Decide)whattodowithourprofitswasnotdifficult.10.Iwarnedhimthat(program)thenewserverwouldtakeseveraldays答案及解析1.Reading,writing.(Forread,add–ing;forwrite,removethefinalebeforeadding–ing.)2.Jogging.(Doubletheconsonantbecausethewordhasonlyonesyllable.)3.Hearing.(Add–ingtothebaseform.)4.Alerting.(Add–ingtothebaseform.)5.Swinging.(Add–ingtothebaseform.)答案及解析6.Repairing.(Add–ingtothebaseform.)7.Drinking,staying.(Add–ingtothebaseform.)8.Supervising,scheduling.(Removethefinalebeforeadding–ingtothebaseform.)9.Deciding.(Removethefinalebeforeadding–ingtothebaseform.)10.Programming.(Theconsonantmustbedoubledattheendofthebaseform,program,whenadding–ingor–ed;notalltwo-syllablewordsrequirethis,forexample:profiting,debiting.)InfinitivesLikegerunds,infinitivesareverbalsthatactasnouns.Iwantedtogowithyou.(Togoisthedirectobjectoftheverbwant.)Tobecomeaballerinaishergreatestambition.(Tobecomeisthesubjectoftheverbis.)Wehopetoopenournewstoresoon.(Toopenisthedirectobjectoftheverbhope.)InfinitivesThepatternforforminginfinitivesisasfollows:To+baseformoftheverbLikegerunds,infinitivesareoftenpartofphrases:Tobecomeaballerinaistheentiresubjectofthesecondsentence.InfinitivesSomeverbsthattakeverbalcomplementsmustbefollowedbyinfinitives.有些帶動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞必須跟不定式。Thedoctoradvisedhertogettreatmentquickly.Weexpecttosigntheagreementsoon.Unfortunately,Mikeforgottogivemehisphonenumber.InfinitivesTypicallythesearewordsexpressingpreferenceorintent,orgivingordersorpermission.Somecommonexamplesareasfollows:agreedecidepermitallowencourageplanaskexpectpreferchooseforgetrequirecommandhopewantintendHowever,someverbstakegerundcomplements,andotherscantakeeitheragerundoranin_x0002_finitivedependingonthecontext.Unfortunately,noreliablerulesexistfordeterminingwhatkindofverbcomplementisrequired.然而，一些動(dòng)詞可以使用動(dòng)名詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，而另一些動(dòng)詞可以使用動(dòng)名詞或不定式，這取決于上下文。不幸的是，沒(méi)有可靠的規(guī)則來(lái)確定需要什么樣的動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。Toformthenegativeofaninfinitive,placenotinfrontoftheinfinitive.Sheaskedmenottotellyou.BecauseIwasnotfeelingwell,Idecidednottogoswimming.

ExampleProblemsIdentifytheinfinitivesinthesesentences.1.IplantoflytoNewYorknextweek.Answer:Tofly.ToNewYorkisaprepositionalphrase,notaninfinitive.IttellswhereIplantofly.2.MyteacheradvisedmetotakethetestsothatIcangotocollege.Answer:Totake.Tocollegeisanotherprepositionalphrase.3.Weneededtobreakthewindowtogetintothehouse.Answer:Tobreak,toget.Inthissentence,theexpressioninordercouldbeinsertedtoclarifythemeaningofthesecondinfinitive:“Weneededtobreakthewindowinordertogetintothehouse.”WorkProblems1.JiangLienjoys(read)mysterystories.2.SomedayIwant(visit)Moscow.Chapter3:Verbs12305537660Ch03.qxd5/22/0312:16PMPage1233.Mysaxophoneteacheraskedme(come)tohisperformance.4.Doyoulike(live)inSeattle?5.Theyexpect(arrive)ontime.WorkProblems6.Thecoachadvisedtheteam(practice)moreoften.7.Remindme(buy)acartonofmilk.8.Giorgiohopes(attend)collegeintheUnitedStates.9.Iremember(hear)himsaythathelovescoconutcreampie.10.Remember(lock)thedoorwhenyouleave.Worked