2023年考研考博-考博英語-吉林大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-吉林大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共10題)1.單選題KnowingthathehadbeenadmittedtoCambridgeUniversity,hewastooexcitedtobe（

）onthephone.問題1選項A.coincidentalB.identicalC.sameD.coherent2.單選題

HiscriticisminjuredJenny’s（）.Sosheisfeelingsadnow.問題1選項A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind3.單選題Thisticket（

）youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.問題1選項A.permitsB.entitlesC.grantsD.credits4.單選題

Ifyoudivide7by3,youhave1（

）問題1選項A.leftoverB.leftoutC.leftoffD.leftabout5.單選題TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,thecourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”，acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath”.GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasgooddoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”O(jiān)nanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospitals,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Alargenumberofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering”，totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclearthatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension”.1.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）2.GeorgeAnnasmayagreethat（

）.3.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis（

）.4.What’sthepossiblemeaningof“aggressive”(Line3,Para.7)?5.AccordingtoGeorgeAnnas，whichofthefollowingmedicalbehaviorsshouldbepunished?問題1選項A.doctorsneverincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’painB.itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlivesC.theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicideD.patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide問題2選項A.adoctor’smedicationshouldn’tbejustifiedbyhisintentionsB.doctorscannotgivepatientslargedosagesofmedicationonanyaccountC.high-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribedD.doctorsshouldbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death問題3選項A.prolongedmedicalproceduresB.inadequatetreatmentofpainC.systematicdrugabuseD.insufficienthospitalcare問題4選項A.Bold.B.Harmful.C.Positive.D.Energetic.問題5選項A.Treatingpatientimpatiently.B.Givingpatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.C.Reducingdrugdosagesforpatients.D.Prolongingtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.6.單選題TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstoriesonnewsprint.Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.“Sometimeinthefuture”,thepaper’spublishersaidbackin2010.Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there’splentyofincentivetoditchprint.Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints.Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.Andthoughprintadsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateisprinteditionwouldbeamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.PerettisaystheTimesshouldn’twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyiftheygoaboutdoingittherightway.“Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmakesenseforthem.”hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you’regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomersreallyupsetwithyou.”Sometimesthat’sworthmakingachangeanyway.PerettigivestheexampleofNetflixdiscontinuingitsDVDmailingservicetofocusonstreaming.“Itwasseenasblunder,”hesaid.Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?“Iwouldn’tpickayeartoendprint,”hesaid,“Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacyproduct.”Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey’dliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein,“Soifyou’reoverpayingforprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping.”Perettisaid.“Thenincreaseitatahigherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.”Inotherwords,ifyou’regoingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitforthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit,whichmaybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital—onlysubscription.“It’sareallyhardthingtodoandit’satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn’thavealegacybusiness.”Perettiremarked.“Butwe’regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehavethingswe’redoingthatdon’tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.Inthosesituation,it’sbettertobemoreaggressivethatlessaggressive.”1.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto（

）.2.Perttisuggeststhatinfaceofthepresentsituation,TheTimesshould（

）.3.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct”（

）.4.Perettibelievesthatinachangingworld（

）.5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?問題1選項A.theincreasingonlineandsalesB.thepressurefromitsinvestorsC.thecomplaintsfromitsreadersD.thehighcostofoperation問題2選項A.makestrategicadjustmentsB.endtheprinteditionforgood.C.seeknewsourcesofleadership.D.aimforefficientmanagement問題3選項A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimesB.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomersC.willhavethecostofprintingreducedD.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.問題4選項A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffectedB.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solvingC.aggressivenessbettermeetschallengesD.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated問題5選項A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce.B.CherishthenewspapersStillinYourHandC.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashionD.MakeYourPrintNewspapersaLuxuryGood7.單選題（

）this,everythingisorder.問題1選項A.ExceptB.BesidesC.ExceptforD.but8.單選題Wecan’tunderstandUncleGeorge,forhealways（

）whateverhesays.問題1選項A.mastersB.mumblesC.molestsD.muzzles9.單選題Leavesthatfallfromtreeseventually（

）andturnintosoil.問題1選項A.contractB.decayC.fadeD.wither10.單選題（

）foundfour-leafcloverisconsideredaluckysign.問題1選項A.ItisrarelyB.RarelyC.TherarelyD.Despiteitsbeingrarely第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coincidental“巧合的，一致的”；identical“相同的，同一的”；same“相同的”；coherent“連貫的”。句意：得知被劍橋大學(xué)錄取，他太過于激動以至于在電話中話都說不連貫。選項D符合題意。2.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。divinity“神圣，神性”；indignity“侮辱，輕蔑”；ego“自尊心，自我意識”；mind“精神，理智，決心”。句意：他的批評傷害了Jenny的自尊心。所以她現(xiàn)在非常傷心。選項C符合題意。3.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。permit“允許”；entitle“授權(quán)，給······稱號”；grant“授予，同意”；credit“相信，信任”。句意：憑著這張票你可以在我們的新餐廳免費吃一頓。選項B符合句意。4.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。leftover“剩下，遺留”；leftout“被遺忘，忽略”；leftoff“停止，中斷”；leftabout“亂丟，亂放”。句意：七除以三還余一。選項A符合句意。5.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:B第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.文章第一段和第二段的第一句話提到最高法院關(guān)于醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的裁決有重要的意義，最高法院支持流傳了幾個世紀(jì)的道德準(zhǔn)則，這說明最高法院認(rèn)為醫(yī)生沒有協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利，所以選項B符合題意。2.文章在第五段和最后一段提到了GeorgeAnnas。在第五段中，他認(rèn)為只要醫(yī)生開藥是出于合理的醫(yī)療目的，即使這些藥會加速病人的死亡，醫(yī)生也沒有違法。最后一段最后一句他提出如果病人痛苦死去是醫(yī)生護(hù)理不好的表現(xiàn)，從兩段可以看出，他支持醫(yī)生大劑量用藥，所以選項C符合題意。3.文章第七段第二句話提及臨終護(hù)理存在的問題，一個是theundertreatmentofpain(沒有對病人的疼痛采取有效的措施)，一個是ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying（強行使用無效的治療方法來延長病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊嚴(yán)）。選項B符合題意。4.單詞出現(xiàn)的句子是：Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.句意：對病人疼痛處理不力和_____無效的治療方法來延長病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊嚴(yán)。由這句話中的ineffectual，forced,dishonor這些詞推出這樣的治療是沒有效果的，是不積極的。選項A符合題意。harmful與use搭配不符合語意。5.文章最后一段GeorgeAnnas否定了大量醫(yī)生無視病人的痛苦，用藥延長病人痛苦這些做法。選項D符合題意。6.【答案】第1題:D第2題:A第3題:B第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.文章第二段Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper―printingpresses,deliverytrucks—isn’tjustexpensive;it’sexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon’thavethesamesetoffinancialconstraints提到現(xiàn)在發(fā)行一份紙質(zhì)報紙所需要的印刷機、配送卡是奢侈。在當(dāng)下，只發(fā)行電子版報紙的同類報紙