英語詞形轉(zhuǎn)換

高等學(xué)校英語應(yīng)用能力考試A級(jí)輔導(dǎo)——詞匯部分解題技巧詞型轉(zhuǎn)換句子的類型At

the

meeting

a

(propose)

——

was

put

forward

by

JohnSmith.They

fully

recognized

theenormous(strong)

andinfluenceoftheunion.If

all

the

people

agree

on

the

————(suggest)

,

we

shall

holdthesports

meet

at

the

end

of

thismonth.The

piece

of

music

wascomposedby

a

very

famous

blind(music)

.The

young

man

made

severalconstructive

suggestions

aboutthe

environmental

(protect)

inthiscity.Herearly(arrive)

gaveeveryone

a

big

surprise.We've

never

had

any

problemwith

our

car

in

the

past

threeyears;

it's

highly

reliable

in(operate)

.The

Chairman

of

theBoardexplained

his

point

again

sothat

there

would

beno(understanding)

.名詞后綴-acy

表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為、職權(quán)privacy

隱私

intimacy

親密-age

表示場(chǎng)所、費(fèi)用、行為、狀態(tài)、情況percentage

百分率

postage

郵資-ance

–ence

-ancy

-ency

-cy

表示狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、行為（抽象名詞）convenience

方便significance

重要性，意義emergency

緊急情況bankruptcy破產(chǎn)-ant

–ent

–er

–or

–ist

–ee

-ian

人，學(xué)者，家–ess(女人)baker

面包師artist

藝術(shù)家inspector

視察者h(yuǎn)ostess

女主人?assistant

助手employee

雇員?resident

居民musician

音樂家-ation行為、情況、狀態(tài)invitation

邀請(qǐng)

liberation

解放情況、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、總稱freedom

自由-dom-ness行為、情況、狀態(tài)sickness

生病

happiness

幸福行為、過程、結(jié)果、組織、物attachment

附件

argument

爭(zhēng)吵-ment-age-ics行為、過程、結(jié)果、組織、身份marriage

婚姻

package

包裹……

學(xué)、……術(shù)economics

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

Physics

物理學(xué)-ship

狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、關(guān)系、身份、職業(yè)、技藝membership

成員資格

relationship

關(guān)系scholarship

獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

citizenship

公民身份-th

.狀態(tài)warmth變法總匯：1.

V.---N.-age:pack--package-ance

(-ence):perform—performance;exist--existence-ee:Interview—interviewee;employ--employee-er

(-ar,

-or):Play—player;conduct—conductor-ion(-sion,-tion,-ation):act—action;decide—decision;present--presentation-ment:Argue—argument;achieve-achievement;

develop--development-ure:Press—pressureexpose-exposure-al:Propose--proposal真題實(shí)例：mploy)

____(e to

work

more

efficiently.(05年12月）4.

I

have

decided

to

accept

their

(invite)

invitation

topay

a

visit

to

their

factory.

(03年12月）近10年A級(jí)考察過的V.---N.InviteachieveemploydevelopplaypaintoperatemanageapplyagreedecidesuggestemployeesWe

were

surprised

at

the

(achieve)achievement

the young

had

made

in

the

last

three

years.(05年12月）Yao

Ming,

our

favorite

basketball

(play)

player

,is ing

a

superstar

in

the

world.(05年1月）The

flexible

working

time

system

will

enable

the真題實(shí)例：5.

There

was

only

a

few

(survive) from

the

aircrash.(2001年6月）6.

I’ve

heard

that

the

musical

group

will

set

off

for

Hong

Kongtogiveathree-day(perform)

performance

.(2006年6月）survivals近10年A級(jí)考察過的V.---N.Equip

propose

appoint

object

survive

performWe

are

not

short

pf

raw

materials

at

the

moment,

but

we

need reliable

(equip)

equipment

.(2005年6月）At

the

meeting

a

(propose)

proposal

was

put

forward by

John

Smith.(2005年1月）I

cannot

go

shopping

with

you

because

I

have

an

(appoint)appointmentwith

my

dentist

this

afternoon.(2006年6月）Provide

that

there

is

no

(object)

objection

,we

will

begin with

the

next

item.

(2004年6月）2.

adj.---n.-age:Short—shortage-ce

(-ance,

-ence):different—difference-dom:free—freedom-ism:

social—socialism;critical—criticism-cyefficient-efficiencyprivate-privacy-ist:Social—socialist-ness:ill—illness;late—lateness-ty(ity):personal—personalitysafe—safety-th:Long—length;

wide—widthStrong—strengthyoung

–

youthgrow-

growthLong-lengthdeep-depth真題實(shí)例：近10年A級(jí)考察過的adjForeign

ill

confidentN.Differentstrong1.

It

is

difficult

for

a

(foreign) to

learnEnglish.(2004年6月）2.

To

his

mother’s

relief,

Tom

had

perfectly

recoveredfrom

his

(ill) .(2003

年6月）ent)______her

didn’t

make

any

(differ

.(2001年6月）foreignerillnessAlthough

John

was

not

experienced

in

business,hedid

it

with

(confident)

confidence

.(2002年6月）Mary

had

made

up

her

mind

to

go

and

what

I

said

to5.They

fully

recognized

the

enormous

(strong)

strength

and

influence

of

the

union.(2005年1月）difference3.

n.---n.-dom:king—kingdom-ery:

machine—machinery

scene—scenery-ess:host—hostess-hood:child—childhood-ian:music—musician-ist:art--artist真題實(shí)例：近10年A級(jí)考察過的n.----n.Reception—receptionistMusic—musicianption)______usic)_____My

sister

has

already

got

a job

as

a

(recein

a

hotel.(2004年6月）The

piece

of

music

wascomposed

by

a

very

famous

blind

(m

.(2001年12月）receptionistmusician4.

V.---adj.-able:

rely—reliabledesire—desirabledepend—dependant-ant:

please—pleasant-ive:

act—active-ly:

love-

lovely真題實(shí)例：近10年A級(jí)考察過的v.----adj.Help

excite

effect

disappoint

attract

practice live

desireIt

will

be

very

(help)

helpful

if

each

member

presents

his

or her

own

opinion

at

the

meeting.(2006年6月）Going

abroad

to

have

a

holiday

will

be

an

(excite)

exciting

experience

for

us.（2005年1月）His

suggestions

turned

out

to

be

very

(effect)

effective

in the

improvement

of

our

production.

(2004

年6月）tice)_____注意：excited表示感到興奮的，人做主語。exciting表示令人興奮的，物做主語。Live:本身既是動(dòng)詞，又是形容詞，表示活的，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播的。Lively:形容詞，表示生動(dòng)的，栩栩如生的。John’s

performance

in

this

exam

made

us

feel

rather

(disappoint) disappointed

(2003年12月）The

place

was

so

(attract)

attractive

that

the

tourists

spent

much more

time

there

than

in

any

other

place.

(2002年12月）Your

ideas

are

very

interesting

,but

we

need

some

(prac

practical_ advice

for

getting

out

of

the

trouble.(2002年6月）He

told

a

very

(live)

lively

story

about

his

life

in

Africa.(2001年6月）That

street

is

a

very

(desire)desirable

place

for

you

to

open

a

new store.

(2002

年6月）5. N.

----

adj.-able:-al:-ary:-en:-ful:Knowledge–

knowledgeableperson—personalnecessity—necessary

gold—goldenmeaning—meaningful-ic(-ical):

magic—magical;

electricity—electrical;history—historical-ish:-less:-ly:-ous:Britain—British;

child—childishfear—fearless;

hope--hopelessfriend-friendly;

mother—motherly;week—weeklydanger—dangerous

-y:

wind--windy真題實(shí)例近10年A級(jí)考察過的n.----adj.Health

friend

confidence

luckreason

month

economy

additionsuccesscostThe

children

looked

(health)

healthy

with

bright

smiles

on their

face.

(2005年12月）The

local

people

are

very

(friend)

friendly

to

the

visiting tourists.

(2005年1月）Heis(confidence)

confident

even

though

he

has

failed several

times.

(2004

年6月）It

was

(luck)

lucky

indeed

for

Mr.Fox

to

have

changed his

flight

and

arrived

safe.(2003年12月）I’m

afraid

my

attempt

to

make

a

cake

wasn’t

very

(success) successful

.(2003年6月）n)________?

(6.

Don’t

you

think

their

rents

(reaso

2001年6月）注意：magic------------magic\magicalelectricity------

electric\electricalhistory----------historic\historicalreasonableThe

sellers

allowed

us

to

pay

them

on

a

(month)

monthly

basis.(2001年6月）Some

experts

suggest

that

we

slow

down

the

(economy)

economic

growthinthecountry.(2005年12月）Doing

a

second

job

to

earn

more

money

also

means

you

have to

pay

(addition)

additional

e

tax.

(2005

年12月）Following

the

(success) successful

settlement

of

the

strike,the

train

service

is

now

back

to

normal.(2005年6月）Buying

a

house

in

such

a

neighborhood

can

be

a

(cost)

costly

business.（2004年6月）。1.electric為“電的，用電的，帶電的”，指任何電動(dòng)的或發(fā)電的裝置，被修飾的物體本身可帶電。如:electric

light,

electric

stove,

electric

piano,electric

motor,

electric

bell。又如：Pleaseconnect

the

two

electric

wires.

請(qǐng)將這兩根電線接起來。名詞：electricityelectrical為“電的，與電有關(guān)的，電氣科學(xué)的”，指與電有關(guān)的事物，被修飾的詞本身并不能帶電。

如：electrical

engineer,

electrical

energy,electrical

engineering。又如：All

the

electrical

work

was

done

by

my

youngerbrother.

所有的電工活都由弟弟來干。electronic是電子的，和電子有關(guān)的名詞：electronicshistoric

historical前者這個(gè)形容詞是作“具有歷史意義的”講，后者這個(gè)形容詞是作“與歷史有關(guān)的”或“歷史上的”講，要加以區(qū)別。（例如：historiccities/castle/document/occasion/times，etc．historicallimitations/society/character/play，etc．比較：a

historic

novel一部有歷史意義的小說；a

historic

event值得紀(jì)念的歷史事件；

etc．a(chǎn)

historicalnovel一部歷史小說；thehistorical

event歷史上確有其事的事件；

etc．Economy

n. economy

classeconomic

和economicalEconomic

adj.

經(jīng)濟(jì)的，經(jīng)濟(jì)上的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的economic

recoveryeconomic

growtheconomical經(jīng)濟(jì)的，節(jié)儉的，節(jié)約的，節(jié)省的，省儉的economical

electric

energyeconomical

priceeconomical

method動(dòng)詞后綴-ate-en做donate

捐獻(xiàn)imitate

模仿使…成為shorten縮短sharpen

使…尖銳strengthen

加強(qiáng)encourage

鼓勵(lì)-fy

–ify

使…化beautify

美化satisfy

使?jié)M意simplify

簡(jiǎn)化-le反復(fù)、連續(xù)及動(dòng)作聲winkle

閃爍

jingle

響起叮當(dāng)聲-ize使…化realize

實(shí)現(xiàn)socialize

使…社會(huì)化6.

n.-----v.-en

(en-)

:-ify:strength–

strengthen;

threat-threaten;courage-

encourageclass—classify;

sign—signify象征；預(yù)示-ize:

organ--organize真題實(shí)例：近10年A、B級(jí)考察過的

n.----v.Strength

modernIt

is

well-known

that

sports

will

(strength)

strengthen

the

friendship

between

nations.The

local

government

is

trying

to

raise

money

to(modern)modernizethe

city’s

public

transport

system.7.

adj.----v.-en(也可做前綴）: sharp—sharpen

wide－widen-ify:-ize:simple--simplifyindustrial--industrialize近10年A級(jí)考察過的

adj.----v.Short

wide

fastHe

is

asked

to

(short)

shorten

his

report

to

one

passage. (2005年1月）We

should

read

more

and

see

more

in

order

to

(wide)

widen

ourhorizon.（2005年12月）Before

the

flight

takes

off,

all

passengers

are

asked

to (fast)

fasten

their

seatbelts.(2006年6月）8.

adj.----adv.構(gòu)成副詞的后綴為–ly,表示：以……方式；從……角度；每隔.Regular—regularly;

true—truly;

happy--happilyGreat

certain

real

high

unnecessary

apparentFast

eager

extreme3.He

seemed

very

young,but

he

was(real)older

than

all

of

us.

(2003年12月）The

price

of

oil

in

the

world

market

has

(great)

greatly

increasedin

recent

months.(2005年12月）Some

people

do

believe

that

smoking

will

(certain)

certainly

cause

lung

cancer.(2005年6月）reallyof

him.(2003年6月）______5.

I

thought

his

explanation

was

(unnecessary)

complex.(2001年6月）______-----,6.

I

didn’t

attend

the

evening

party;but

(apparent)it

was

a

great

success.

(2001年6月）4.

The

secretary

is

so

efficient

that

his

boss

thinks

(high)

highly

unnecessarilyapparentlyIt

has

been

a

long

winter,and

we’re

(eager) eagerly

waiting for

the

coming

of

spring.

(2005年1月）The

little

girl

gave

an

(extreme)

extremely

wonderful performance

last

night.(2002年12月）After

the

flood,

life

was

(extreme)extremelydifficult

for

farmers in

this

area.

(2006年6月).A、B級(jí)考試中，section

B部分除了涉及上述詞性轉(zhuǎn)變外，也包括相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)方面的變化，主要涉及非謂語、倒轉(zhuǎn)句、虛擬語氣以及形容詞副詞的比較結(jié)構(gòu)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)、主謂一致及名詞單復(fù)數(shù)等，將在語法部分講解。還有一部分為非詞性變化的詞形變化，即詞匯的否定形式：否定前綴6個(gè)：un-:（名、形、動(dòng)）unhappiness,

unusual,

unable,

unfair,unfortunately,

unnecessary,

unfriendly,unimportantdis-：(名、形、副）disagreement,dishonest,disadvantageim-:(以m-,p-,b-,in開頭的詞）immoral,

impossiblein-（名、形）inability,

incorrect,

inequalityir-（以r-開頭的形容詞）irregular,

irresponsibleil:-:（以l-開頭的形容詞）illegal否定后綴1個(gè)：-less：homeless,

friendless,

hopeless容易混淆的詞：1）動(dòng)詞advisepractiseaffect形容詞sensitivelateavailablemagicelectrichistoric動(dòng)詞adapt名詞applicationemployee名詞

advicepracticeeffect形容詞

sensiblelatelyadvisablemagicalelectricalhistorical動(dòng)詞

adopt名詞

applicantemployer9.比較級(jí)than

sound,

lightning

isSome

people

think

(much)

more

about

their

thoughtsthan

about

their

duties.This

question

is

(difficult)

more

difficultthan

the

one

Ihave

answered.3. Because

light

travels

(fast)

fasterseen

before

thunder(雷)is

heard.The(late)

latest

model

of

the

racing

car

will

be

ondisplay

at

the

exhibition

this

week.Themorecarefulyouare,the(well) betteryou

will

beable

to

complete

the

work.The

survey

shows

that

green

food

is ing

(popular)

morepopular

than

traditional

food.10.時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)6. Last

year,customer

(buy)million

iPods

and

2

billion

songs

from

the

iTunes

store.bought

a

total

of

90It

is

reported

that

foreign

car

sales

in

the

country

(rise)rose

by

8%

last

year.\It

(announce)

was

announcedyesterday

that

thegame

was

to

start

in

a

week.We

are

pleased

to

learn

that

that

problem

(solve)

was

solved

atyesterday’s

meeting.Thispicture(take) was

taken

by

a

young

reporter

inBeijing

last

month.David

will

go

on

holiday

as

soon

as

he

(finish)finishes

theproject.7.Yesterday,

the

secretary

(give)was

giventhe

task10.

All

visitors

to

the

lab

(expect)to

make

arrangements

for

the

annual

meeting.As

soon

as

the

result

(come)

comes

out,

I’ll

letyou

know.If

you

smoke

in

this

non-smoking

area,

you

will

(fine)be

fined

$50.are

expected

totakeoff

theirshoes

beforetheyenter.By

this

time

next

year

my

family

(live)will

havelived

in

this

small

town

for

20

years.Next

week

we

(sign)

will/shall/are

to

sign

salescontract

with

the

new

supplier.13.Jane(praise) was

praisedmany

times

bythegeneral

manager

when

she

was

working

as

the

officesecretary.14.

I

(work)

have

worked/have

been

workingin

theHuman

Resources

Department

for

five

months

since

Ijoined

the

company.11.虛擬語氣1. The

adviser mended

that

Mary(should)

s(tsatartrt)the

training

program

as

soon

as

possible.We

demand

that

the

tour

guide

(tell)

(should)

tellus

immediately

about

any

change

in

the

schedule.The

doctor mended

that

Mary

(start)

(thsheohueladlt)hsptarortgram

as

soon

as

possible.If

I

(be) you,

I

wouldn’t

ask

such

a

silly

question.were12.非謂語Noreaderisallowed to

take(take)any

reference

book

outof

the

reading-room.(2次出現(xiàn))The

hotel,

(build)

built

100

years

ago,

still

looks

new.I

want

(point

out)

to

point

out

that

a

decision

about

thematter

must

be

made

at

once.Thank

you

for

your

letter

of

November

15,

(invite)

uisntvo

itthientgradefair

on

December

10.My

father

is

a

sports

fan

and

he

enjoys

(swim)

swimmingverymuch.Thank

you

for

your

letter

of

April

15,

(tell)

tellingus

aboutMr.

John

Brown’s

visit

to

our

company

on

May

10.They

talked

to

him

for

hours,

(try)

trying

to

persuade

him

tochange

his

mind.12.非謂語the

credit

card.cooperated

closely

and

successfully.10.

The

railway

station

was

crowded

with

people

(say)goodbye

to

their

friends

and

relatives.If

your

credit

(信譽(yù))

is

good,

you

will

be

allowed

(use)

to

use

Working(work)

as

a

team,

the

foreign

and

Chinese

engineerssaying13.固定搭配We’ve

only

got

one

day

in

Paris,

sowe’d

better

(make)make

the

best

use

of

the

time.It

took

me

severalweeks

to

get

used

to

(drive)

driving

on

the

left

side

of

the

road

in

London.Iwouldratheryou(go) go

with

me

tomorrowmorning.Itisquitedifficultforme(decide) todecidwe

hoshould

be

given

the

job.That

new

filmis

worth

(see)

seeing

for

the

secondtime.【考點(diǎn)3】介詞類（

A級(jí)重點(diǎn)考查）口訣：9大類，要記牢；動(dòng)名形介能搭配，還有五類要單記：分詞式、意“除外”、表時(shí)間、表地點(diǎn)方位、表工具方法手段1.同一動(dòng)詞+介詞Break

awayBreak

inBreak

intoBreak

offBreak

outBreak

thoughBreak

upbreak

downget

alongget

onget

throughget

upget

offget

ontoput

forwardput

upput

awayput

onput

output

offgo

bygo

ongo

overgo

forgo

aftercut

downcut

offcut

outcut

shorttake

awaytake

offtake

overtake

onTake

inlooking

down

uponlook

intolooking

forward

tolook

afterturn

outturn

onTurn

off第一類、動(dòng)詞+介詞2.

動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞Catch

up

withcome

out

ofcome

up

withGet

along

withget

away

withkeep

up

withMake

up

forput

up

with趕上，追上從……出來提出，提供進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展帶……跑掉跟上，不落后補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)忍受，忍耐3.動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞pay

attention

to

注意到regard…

as…

把……看作remind

sb.

Of

是某人想起take

account

of

考慮，重視take

care

of

照顧，照料take

charge

of

負(fù)責(zé)take

notice

of

注意，發(fā)現(xiàn)take

part

in

參加，加入have

trouble

with……有麻煩

do

the

damage

to

對(duì)……有害處Accuse

sb.Of……

指控某人……adapt

oneself

to

適應(yīng)assure

sb.Of

確保

attach

oneself

to

依附

catch

hold

of

抓住consider……(as)……把……看作

deprive

sb.of

剝奪某人……devote

oneself

to

熱衷于dress

oneself

in

穿著have

an

interest

in對(duì)……感興趣

make

use

of

使用4.(動(dòng)詞)+介詞+名詞Bring

into

mind

使想起come

into

force

使生效come

into

position

站好位置come

into

power

當(dāng)政，執(zhí)政come

to\

arrive

at

a

conclusion得出結(jié)論go

in

fashion

流行put

in

use

使用take

into

consideration

考慮in

fashion

流行in

danger

處于危險(xiǎn)中in

need

of

需要in

a

hurry

匆忙by

the

way順便說，問一下just

now

剛剛

out

of

control

失去控制under

control

受控制at

last

最后at

all

完全，根本at

least

至少by

far

到目前為止in

one’s

honor為慶祝，為紀(jì)念in

part

in

personin

turn

in

place部分親自依次，輪流在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢肁gree

on

就……取得一致Ask

for請(qǐng)求，要求

Call

for拜訪，需要

Check

in報(bào)到，登記Deal

with和……打交道，處理

Hear

from

收到……來信

Meet

with遇到，遭到Agree

with

同意、適合某人Care

for

喜歡，關(guān)心Fill

in填充Long

for

向往，渴望Pass

by走過，（時(shí)間）過去

give

out

釋放出，泄漏

hand

in

上交Take

up開始從事，占去(時(shí)間空間)Arrive

in/

at

到達(dá)

Belong

to

屬于

Cut

in插嘴，打斷

Hear

of

聽說

Look

into

調(diào)查Result

from

起因于run

into

偶遇shut

down

關(guān)閉work

out

做出，計(jì)算出

set

out

出發(fā)，開始

carry

on

繼續(xù)keep

off

避開

try

on

試穿

lead

to

導(dǎo)致5.

動(dòng)詞+介詞第二類.名詞+介詞名詞+forAdmiration

for

對(duì)……的贊賞

Sympathy

for對(duì)……的同情

Preparation

for對(duì)……的準(zhǔn)備

Charge

for

收費(fèi)名詞+toAccess

to接近,得到

approach

to途徑

attitude

to

對(duì)……態(tài)度

Contribution

to

貢獻(xiàn)

exposure

to

暴露給

limit

to……極限Reaction

to

對(duì)……的反應(yīng)Need

for

對(duì)……的需求

Affection

for

對(duì)……的愛好

Wish

for

希望Reason

for……的原因answer

to

回答

Attention

to

注意

claim

to要去

damage

to

損失

Guide

to……的指南objection

to……反對(duì)

response

to……響應(yīng)，反應(yīng)(3)名詞+in(4)名詞+withAdvance

in

進(jìn)展Confidence

in

信心belief

in

相信increase

in

增長(zhǎng)Point

insuccess

in有……意義

proficiency

in精通成功Appointment

withConnection

withContact

withCooperation

with和……約會(huì)同……相連同……聯(lián)系，接觸和……合作第三類 形容詞+介詞Adj.

+

about:adj.

+

for:adj.

+at:be

concerned

about;

be

worried

aboutbe

qualified

for;

be

responsible

forbe

annoyed

at;

be

good

atadj.

+in:adj.

+

of:6.

adj.

+

to:7.

adj.

+with:8.

adj.

+from:be

absorbed

in;