段落翻譯Paragraph-Translatio課件

ParagraphTranslation2014-06-09

新改革后翻譯題型:段落翻譯（漢譯英）

測(cè)試學(xué)生把漢語(yǔ)所承載的信息用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力。分值比例：15%考試時(shí)間：30分鐘。內(nèi)容：中國(guó)歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)發(fā)展長(zhǎng)度：140-160個(gè)漢字；

14分檔（13-15分）：11分檔（10-12分）：8分檔（7-9分）：5分檔（4-6分）：2分檔（1-3分）：0分：譯文準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無(wú)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，僅有個(gè)別小錯(cuò)。譯文基本上表達(dá)了原文的意思。文字基本通順、連貫，無(wú)重大語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。譯文勉強(qiáng)表達(dá)了原文的意思。用詞欠準(zhǔn)確，語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤相當(dāng)多，其中有些是嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。譯文僅表達(dá)了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準(zhǔn)確，有相當(dāng)多的嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。譯文支離破碎。除個(gè)別詞語(yǔ)或句子，絕大部分文字沒(méi)有表達(dá)原文意思。未作答，或只有幾個(gè)孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關(guān)。原文（CET4:2014-1）許多人喜歡中餐。/在中國(guó)，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。/精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐即可口又好看。/烹飪技藝和配料在中國(guó)各地差別很大。/但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，/總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)(nutrition)。/由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，/好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類(lèi)和蔬菜之間取得平衡，/所以中餐既味美又健康。14分檔

ManypeopleenjoyChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyviewedasaskillbutalsoregardedasaformofart.Acarefully-preparedChinesedinnercanbebothtastyandgood-looking.WhilecookingskillsandtheingredientsdifferlargelyfromplacetoplaceinChina,finecookingalwayshassomethingincommon,thatistheconsiderationofcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.Sincefoodisvitaltothehealth,afinecookisalwaystryingtoachieveabalanceamongcereals,meatandvegetables.Therefore,theChinesefoodisbothdeliciousandhealthy.Next11分檔

ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,cookingisregardednotonlyasakindofskillbutalsoasakindofart.Chinesefood,whichispreparedcarefully,isbothdeliciousandgood-looking.CookingskillsandingredientsdiffergreatlyfromplacetoplaceinChina.However,goodcookingsharesonethingincommon:color,taste,feelandnutritionarealwaysunderconsideration.Sincefoodisofvitalimportancetohealth,goodcooksarealwaystryingtobebalancedwithgrain,meatandvegetables.Asaresult,Chinesefoodisdeliciousandhealthy.Next

8分檔

ManypeopleloveChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyregardedakindofskill,butalsoart.Well-preparedChinesedishestastegoodbesideslookgood.ThereisbigdifferentincookingskillsandingredientsbetweendifferentpartsofChina.Butonethingwhichiscommoningooddishesisthattheyallconsideraboutthecolor,thetastingandthenutrition.Asfoodissoimportanttohealth,goodcookersalwaystrytomakeabalancebetweencorn,meatandvegetables.Asaresult,Chinesedishesaredeliciousandhealthy.Next

5分檔

ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.Cookingisnotonlyaskillbutalsoitisakindofart.ItisdeliciousandbeautifulthatChinesemealsarecarefulprepared.ItisdifferentlyincookingandmaterialbesideinChinese.But,goodmealshaveacommonpointwhichcolorteastandnutritionarethoughabout.Thenagoodcookerisalwaystryingtheirbesttoblanceitfrommeatvegetablesandsoon.Therefore,Chinesefoodisdeliciousandheathy.

Next

2分檔

ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,notonlyatechnolegemakefood,andalsoanartist.Goodfoodiseatedfineandseem’sfine.HowmakefoodandmakethefoodneedwhatisdefferentindefferentplaceinChina.Butmakegoodfoodjustonlythinkthefood’scolourtaste,feelmakepeopleandnutrition.Foodisimportandforhealth,sogoodpeoplethatmakefoodisusemorepowerforbetteronmeatandvagitable,soChinesefoodistastegoodandmorehealth.Next

原文：

許多人喜歡中餐。在中國(guó)，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術(shù)。精心準(zhǔn)備的中餐即可口又好看。烹飪技藝和配料在中國(guó)各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)（nutrition）。由于食物對(duì)健康至關(guān)重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類(lèi)和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。譯文：

ManypeopleenjoyChinesefood.

CookingislookeduponasanartaswellasaskillinChina.

AcarefullypreparedChinesedishisnotonlydelicioustoeatbutalsobeautifultolookat.

Cookingtechniquesandingredientsvarywidelyacrossthecountry.

Butgoodcookingdoeshavesomethingincommon.Italwaystakesintoaccountcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.

Asfoodisvitaltohealth,goodcooksalwaysstrivetostrikeabalanceamonggrains,meatsandvegetables,soChinesedishesarebothdeliciousandhealthy.Next

漢譯英解題方法

1.閱讀原文，理解原文，獲得總體印象。2.處理原文句子，正確斷句，合句，找準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)。理解文

中的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象和邏輯關(guān)系，注意漢英兩種語(yǔ)言的不同表達(dá)習(xí)慣,綜合翻譯技巧進(jìn)行翻譯。3.修改，對(duì)譯文修正、加工、潤(rùn)飾。

1）對(duì)照原文，一句一句修改，看原文內(nèi)容、思想是否準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)出來(lái)；有無(wú)漏譯、錯(cuò)譯、曲解的地方；譯文語(yǔ)言是否通順。2）脫離原文，反復(fù)閱讀后進(jìn)行修改，看上下文有無(wú)不連接的地方，前后有無(wú)矛盾、重復(fù)的地方、有無(wú)邏輯不通的地方。Next漢語(yǔ)VS英語(yǔ)不同表達(dá)習(xí)慣英語(yǔ)看邏輯，漢語(yǔ)看意思；英語(yǔ)重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語(yǔ)重語(yǔ)義；英語(yǔ)多長(zhǎng)句，漢語(yǔ)多短句；英語(yǔ)多從句，漢語(yǔ)多分句；英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)；英語(yǔ)多抽象，漢語(yǔ)多具體；英語(yǔ)多引申，漢語(yǔ)多推理；主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等名詞成分中，英語(yǔ)多代詞，漢語(yǔ)多名詞。Back常用翻譯技巧

直譯和意譯相結(jié)合;詞類(lèi)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換;無(wú)主句與有主句的轉(zhuǎn)換;短句與長(zhǎng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換;句子成分順序的調(diào)換;注意上下文的連接;Next直譯和意譯相結(jié)合直譯是既保持原文內(nèi)容、又保持原文形式，基本保留原有句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不是死譯。意譯，也稱為自由翻譯，它是只保持原文內(nèi)容、不保持原文形式，更多考慮英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)。Ourfriendsareallovertheworld.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.（直譯）（意譯）直譯與意譯相互關(guān)聯(lián)，互為補(bǔ)充，兩種譯法可以并用。e.g.我們的朋友遍天下。Back詞類(lèi)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換

1.在漢英翻譯中可進(jìn)行各種詞類(lèi)的轉(zhuǎn)換：例如：漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)名詞、形容詞，漢語(yǔ)形容詞或副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)名詞等等。如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，既可使譯文通順流暢，也能反映出英語(yǔ)的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)。1）他的演講給我們的印象很深。

2）你說(shuō)他傻不傻？

Hisspeechimpressedusdeeply.（名詞變動(dòng)詞）Don’tyouthinkheisanidiot?（形容詞變名詞）NextItnotonlygeneratessuchanewformofeducationas“virtualuniversities”butturns“l(fā)ifelonglearning”intoaworkableproject.它不僅生成了“網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)”這樣的新的教育形式，而且也使“終身教育”具有可操作性。形容詞變名詞

aworkableproject2.在漢英翻譯中可進(jìn)行語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換：

中文中常常使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，英語(yǔ)中常常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以有的時(shí)候轉(zhuǎn)換一下語(yǔ)態(tài)會(huì)使譯文更加地道流暢。原文：有些老人因害怕死亡而煩惱。(B3U4Para.6)譯文：Someoldpeopleareoppressedbythefearofdeath.原文：老師教導(dǎo)我，要學(xué)到東西就得扔掉課本和筆記本這些不過(guò)是記憶工具的東西，要依賴我們與生俱來(lái)的本領(lǐng)進(jìn)行批判性思考。譯文：Iwastaughtthattolearnanything,onehadtothrowawaytextbooksandnotebooks—merememorytools—andinsteadrelyonone’snativeabilitytothinkcritically.Back無(wú)主句與有主句的轉(zhuǎn)換漢語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)經(jīng)常省略，但在英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)必須出現(xiàn)，否則句子不完整，語(yǔ)法不夠規(guī)范。原句：不能否認(rèn)這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：武漢目前并非是一個(gè)讓我們滿意的城市。

譯文：WecannotdenythefactthatWuhan,atthemoment,isnotasatisfiedcityasweexpected.

原句：大家普遍承認(rèn)人是社會(huì)性的動(dòng)物。

譯文：Itiscommonlyrecognizedthathumansaresocialanimals.Back

短句與長(zhǎng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換

原文：但好的烹飪都有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)，總是要考慮到顏色、味道、口感和營(yíng)養(yǎng)（nutrition）。譯文：But

goodcooking

doeshavesomethingincommon.Italwaystakesintoaccountcolor,flavor,tasteandnutrition.

原文：從書(shū)店和圖書(shū)館帶一些書(shū)是輕而易舉的。然而，從書(shū)中學(xué)到知識(shí)，并把這些知識(shí)運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去，就不是簡(jiǎn)單的事情了。譯文：Itisveryeasytobringsomebooksfrombookstoresandlibraries,

but

tolearntheknowledgeinthebooksandputtheknowledgeintopractice

isbynomeansaneasyjob.Back句子成分順序的調(diào)換

原文：在日常生活中，他們并非追求激情浪漫，而是實(shí)踐著“付出”和“分享”。譯文：

Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylife

insteadofpursuingpassionandromance.原文：訂婚不久，姨夫就去參軍了。譯文：UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Back注意上下文的連接

中文由意義關(guān)聯(lián)，形式上關(guān)系比較松散；英文則是形式關(guān)聯(lián)，句子成分主次分明，前后語(yǔ)法關(guān)系一目了然。原文：我建議老人們少操心兒女們的生活，給兒女們足夠的空間讓他們負(fù)責(zé)自己的生活。譯文：Isuggesttheoldconcernthemselveslesswiththeirchildrenandmakeroomforyoungpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.在翻譯的時(shí)候需要注意一下中英文之間的區(qū)別。有的時(shí)候需要把前面提到的主語(yǔ)換成代詞，有的時(shí)候需要增加連詞來(lái)表示轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等等。Back中文句子通常比較短小，逗號(hào)使用較多，且逗號(hào)可連續(xù)使用。而英文中則經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)由并列結(jié)構(gòu)和主從結(jié)構(gòu)所構(gòu)成的長(zhǎng)句，逗號(hào)不可以隨意使用。這時(shí)需要注意所譯英文句子不要因中文影響而出現(xiàn)殘句或粘連句。e.g.1）原文:我收到了。

譯文：I

have

received.

（殘句）

正確譯文：I

have

received

it.2）原文：瑪麗五年前住在舊金山，在那兒她寫(xiě)了三本小說(shuō)。

譯文：Mary

lived

in

San

Francisco

five

years

ago,thereshewrote

three

novels.（粘連句）

正確譯文：

Mary

lived

in

San

Francisco

five

years

ago,

and

thereshe

wrote

three

novels．Next我們以往所準(zhǔn)備的倒裝句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、分詞、從句等仍然有用武之地。只要增加閱讀量，積累文化背景知識(shí)，熟練掌握四級(jí)大綱規(guī)定的詞匯、詞組、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，活學(xué)活用，我們就不會(huì)被千變?nèi)f化的題型嚇倒，所謂“萬(wàn)變不離其宗”就是這個(gè)道理。Next需要注意的是，在完成這部分題目時(shí)，考生也必須注意避免如字跡潦草、書(shū)寫(xiě)不規(guī)范、拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤等問(wèn)題。目前，全國(guó)越來(lái)越多的四、六級(jí)考試閱卷點(diǎn)已經(jīng)采用電子閱卷，即將主觀題試卷掃描后在電腦上進(jìn)行閱卷，因此，考生在完成主觀題時(shí)必須特別注意字跡清晰工整，避免不必要的丟分。Next常用的翻譯模板句：1.________has/enjoysahistoryof________.

（用于介紹歷史）2._________waspopular/widespread.

（用于介紹流行程度）3.________beusedtodosth.（表示用途）4._______standfor/symbolize/signify________.

（某物象征了…）5.____________isgivenasapresenttosb.（饋贈(zèng)）6.______iswell-knownas/famousfor/notedfor______.

（以……著稱/有名）7.__________start/begin/runfrom…to_________

（從……延續(xù)到……）NextB3U1Asiscommonlyacknowledged/Itiscommonlyrecognizedthathumansaresocialanimals.Bondedtogetherinacommunity,wenaturallyexpecttohavefriends.Astowhatfriendshipis,peoplehavedifferentnotions/ideas.Somemakefriendsformutualutility.Oncethegroundforsuchfriendshipdisappearsthefriendshipalsobreaksup.However,alotofpeoplelongfor“soulpals”—thosewhopossessvirtuesandwithwhomwecangothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.Suchfriendshipskeepusawayfromgreedandviolenceandencourageustohavethecourageofourconvictions.Suchiswhatwecall“trueandperfectfriendship”.NextB3U2Afterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefof

losingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.NextB3U4Retirementbringspeople’scareertoanend.Theyfind,allofasudden,thattheycannomore/longercarryonthejobtheyhavedonefordozensofyears.Someoldpeoplecannotadaptthemselvestosuchachangeandthusbecomedepressed,believingthattheyarenolongeruseful.Indeed,depressionhasbecomeoneoftheleadingthreatstooldpeople’shealth.Nonetheless,manyoldpeopleinChinaareabletomaintaintheirsenseofusefulnessbyrenderingtheirgrown-upchildrenservices,suchastakingcareoftheirgrandchildrenandprovidingallowancestothem.Thequestionremainsastowhetherseniorcitizensshouldtryothermeanstofilluptheirleisure,rendering

theirlateryearsstillmoremeaningful.Isuggesttheoldconcernthemselveslesswiththeirchildrenandmakeroomforyoungpeopletotakeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.Afterall,theolddeserverespectfromtheyoungandtheyoungshouldtoleratetheiragedparentsmore,onthegroundsthattheoldhavecontributedsomuchforsomanyyearsbothtotheirfamilyandtosociety.NextB3U5Scientificdevelopmenthasbroughtaboutglobalchangesineducationalthought.Itnotonlygeneratessuchanewformofeducationas“virtualuniversities”

butturns“l(fā)ifelonglearning”

intoaworkableproject.Inaddition,peopletodayseemtobeinfavorofpracticalknowledge.Butwhateverchangestheremighthavebeen,educationmuststickitsclassicrole:toenlightenlearners.Confrontedwiththenewproblemsofthiscentury,westillexpectthateducationshouldputmoreemphasisoncultivatinglearners’competencetothinkcritically

andtoworkcollaboratively/withteamspirit.Furthermore,wehopethateducationwilltaketheresponsibilityofpromotingtraditionalvirtuesbyguidinglearnerstodispensewithnegativedesirelikegeed,lustandviolence.NextB3U6Oncetransplantedabroad,peoplewillfeelanxiousandevenlosethecapacitytodealwithdailyroutines./Thisproblemisattributed

tothedisappearanceofthesurroundings/wehavebeenusedto.Then,whatshouldwedo/soastochangethelifestylesandpatternsbuilt

up

inus/oversomanyyears?First,weshouldbemoretoleranttowardspeople/withculturalbackgroundsdifferentfromours.