第十五章主謂一致含例題和習(xí)題課件2022屆高考英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)

第十五章、主謂一致兩個單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞用and連接，表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)Readingandwritingareveryimportant.當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時，指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.

主謂一致是指：①語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。②意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。③就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。當(dāng)there/herebe句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.當(dāng)either…or…與neither…nor，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致Eitheryouorsheistogo.當(dāng)主語后面跟有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,nolessthan,aswellas等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.Tenyuanisenough.在代詞what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。Allisright.Allarepresent.集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時表示該個集體Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.Anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Anumberofbookshavelentout.Thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。Thenumberofthestudentsis55.用halfof,partof,mostof,aportionof等詞引起主語時，動詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致Mostofhismoneyisspentonbooks.Mostofthestudentsaretakinganactivepartinsports.在一些短語，如manya或morethanone所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由morethan…of作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致Manyapersonhasreadthenovel.Morethan60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.

不定式（短語），動名詞（短語），或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.名詞如:trousers，scissors，clothes，goods，glasses等作主語時，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)，但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)apairof，謂語一般用單數(shù)Hisclothesaregood.Apairofglassesisonthedesk.例題分析【答案】A?！窘馕觥吭谥髡Z后面如果有aswellas,besides,morethan,ratherthan,with,alongwith,beyond,except,inadditionto,like,including,suchas等詞時，謂語動詞人稱和數(shù)要與其前面的主語保持一致；本題中，句子的主語是theinstrument，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，所以選擇A。本句意為：這些器樂還有其它的零部件不久就會被修理?！军c評】本題考查主謂一致，同時考查了動詞的時態(tài)。例1Themusicalinstrument,aswellasotherspareparts

goingtoberepairedsoon.A.is B.are C.be D.were例2

Heistheonlyoneofstudentswho______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.

A.is

B.are

C.hasbeen

D.havebeen

【答案】C。

【解析】theonlyoneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“唯一的……”，故定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；再根據(jù)時間狀語forthreeyears可知，使用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選C。句意：他是唯一一個連續(xù)三年取得獎學(xué)金的學(xué)生。

【點評】考查主謂一致和動詞的時態(tài)。例3

Anexhibitionofpaintings

atthemuseumnextweek.

A.aretobeheld

B.areholding

C.isholding

D.istobeheld

【答案】D?！窘馕觥勘绢}中，句子的主語是Anexhibition是單數(shù)，ofpaintings是介詞短語作的后置定語，修飾exhibition，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)，排除A、B;betodo表示將來；C項是正在進行時的主動語態(tài)，不符合語境。根據(jù)時間狀語nextweek，表示將來，且是被舉行，故選D。句意為：下周有一個繪畫展將在這個博物館舉行。故選擇D?！军c評】本題考查主謂一致，同時考查了動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)。例4

ofthelandinthatdistrict

coveredwithtreesandgrass.

A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;are

C.Twofifths;is D.Twofifihs;are

【答案】C?！窘馕觥糠謹?shù)的表示方法：分子用基數(shù)，分母用序數(shù)；分子大于一時，分母加s?！胺謹?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和名詞一致。land“土地”是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用單數(shù)，故選C。句意：那個地區(qū)五分之二的土地被樹和草覆蓋?！军c評】考查分數(shù)和主謂一致。例5

Heistheonlyoneofstudentswho______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.

A.is

B.are C.hasbeen

D.havebeen

【答案】C。【解析】theonlyoneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“唯一的……”，故定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；再根據(jù)時間狀語forthreeyears可知，使用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選C。句意：他是唯一一個連續(xù)三年取得獎學(xué)金的學(xué)生。例6

Thenumberofthestudentswho

admittedintokeyuniversitiesontheincrease.

A.hasbeen;is B.hasbeen;are

C.havebeen;is D.havebeen;are【答案】C【解析】考查主謂一致。第一空的who引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代students，所以從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；第二空為主句的謂語，主語是thenumber，thenumber作主語謂語用單數(shù)。例7

Themonitorandleaguesecretary

askedtoattendsuchmeetingsmanytimessofarthisyear.

A.is

B.are

C.havebeen D.hasbeen【答案】D【解析】考查主謂一致。and連接的兩個名詞共同使用一個冠詞，此時themonitorandleaguesecretary意為”班長兼團支書“表示一個人的兩個身份，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；sofarthisyear決定謂語動詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時。所謂的主謂一致，是指句子的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與句子的主語保持一致，如果句子的主語不直觀，比如很長或很復(fù)雜，這就給謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式的判斷造成了障礙，這樣也就產(chǎn)生了主謂一致題型存在的必要性。主謂一致題型的解題關(guān)鍵是確認“真正的主語”，然后理清主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，從而確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。主謂一致專練1.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich

savedforotherpurposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were2.Onethirdofthecountry

coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens

blackpeople.A.is;are B.is;is C.are;are D.are;is3.Thetoddlerwhomiraculously

afallfromherl0th-floorhomeinHangzhou,eastChina,

recoveringquickly.A.issurvived;is B.aresurvived;areC.survived;is D.beingsurvived;are4.Clearly,developmentaidtogetherwithfood

thelong-termsolutiontotheproblemofpoverty.A.are B.is C.has D.have5.TheJapanese

sufferingfromtheworstnaturaldisasters

.A.are;eversince B.are;ofalltime C.is;eversince D.is;ofalltime6.ItisnotIbutTomandhiswifethat

forthecaraccident.A.amtoblame B.aretoblame C.amtobeblamed D.aretobeblamed7.Everyboyandeverygirl

toattendtheEnglisheveningpartytobeheldonSaturday.A.wish B.enjoys C.wishes D.havewished8.Hetoldmethatthenumberofpeopleinvitedtothewedding

twohundred,butactuallyanumberofthem

absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was B.were;were C.was;was D.was;were9.—Doyouknowourtownatall?—No,thisisthefirsttimeI

here.A.hascome B.come C.hadcome D.havecome10.Thecountry’spopulation

small,andmostofitspopulation

inthemountainousareas.A.are;lives B.are;live C.is;live D.is;lives11.Mysister,aswellasherclassmateswho

lateforclass,criticizedbyMr.Hunt.A.were;wasB.was;were C.was;was D.were;were12.Playingcomputergames

ledtohisfailureinthefinalexamination,whichupsethisparents.A.has B.have C.is D.are13.Asisreportedinthenewspaper,manyastudentinthisarea

sentabroadforfurtherstudysincelastyear.A.havebeen B.hasbeen C.was D.were14.SuchactorsasJayChou

popularwiththeyoung,however,some

notsowellreceived.A.are;areB.is;is C.are;is D.is;are15.EithersheorI

tobesenttherefortheimportantmeetinginthemonthtocome.A.is B.am C.are D.have16.Mrs.Whiteaswellasherhusbandandthreesons

goingtopayavi