高二英語外研版選修七講義MODULE1SECTIONⅢ

[語法初識]原句感知自主探究1.①Herexpressionchangedwhensheheardthenews.②Olderpeoplesometimesfindithardtoacceptchanges.③ThisinformationbegantoraisequestionsinhermindaboutJack'sinnocence.④Idon'tthinkit'sfairtoquestionhismotivesjustbecausehedisagreeswithyou.⑤Wouldyoupleasedrymyclothesinthesun?⑥Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.⑦Hegotfirstplaceinthefinal.⑧ShespeaksItalianlikeanative.2.hope→hopeful(有盼望的)success→successful(勝利的)use→useless(無用的)power→powerless(無力的)nature→natural(自然?的)tradition→traditional(傳統(tǒng)的)fame→famous(聞名的)danger→dangerous(危急的)(1)句①中的change通常用作動詞，在句②中用作名詞。(2)句③中的question通常用作名詞，在句④中用作動詞。(3)dry,better通常用作形容詞，在句⑤和句⑥中dry,better都用作動詞。(4)final和black通常用作形容詞，在句⑦和句⑧中的final和black都用作名詞。(5)名詞加后綴-ful，表示“滿……的〞，-less后綴表示“無……的〞。(6)名詞＋后綴-al或-ous構成形容詞，表示“……的〞。[語法剖析]語法點一詞性轉化1．定義：不添加任何成分，不轉變詞形，把一個單詞由一種詞性轉化為另一種詞性的方法稱為詞性轉化。2．常見的詞性轉化類型(1)動詞→名詞單詞動詞詞義名詞詞義dress(給……)穿衣服連衣裙；女裝dream做夢夢look看；查找看；神色taste品嘗味道love愛，喜愛愛；愛人plant種植植物；工廠study學習；討論學習；討論；書房try嘗試嘗試work工作工作Hewantedtotastethesoupandknowthetasteofit.他想嘗嘗湯，知道湯的味道。Shedressedherselfinareddress.她給自己穿上了一條紅裙子。[名師點津]由動詞轉化而來的名詞常與give,have,make,take等動詞搭配來表示一個動作。giveakick踢takeaseat就座haveaswim游泳 makeabet打(2)名詞→動詞單詞名詞詞義動詞詞義book書預定；預約dust灰塵，塵埃清掃film電影；影片拍電影；拍攝fish魚釣魚mail郵件郵寄；發(fā)送seat座位使就座ship船用船運送；遣送hand手傳遞shoulder肩膀負責任，肩負train火車訓練，培育nurse護士護理，照看Willyoupleasegivemeahandandhandmethebook?你幫我一下，把那本書遞給我好嗎？Thenursenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.這名護士看護丈夫，使他恢復了健康。(3)形容詞→動詞單詞形容詞詞義動詞詞義dirty臟的(使)變臟correct正確的改正quiet寧靜的(使)寧靜dry枯燥的(使)變干empty空的倒空free自由的釋放narrow狹窄的(使)變窄slow緩慢的(使)減速Tomakethesentencecorrect,youmustcorrectthemistakes.為了使句子正確，你必需改正句中的錯誤。Theteacheraskedthestudentstokeepquietandtheclassroomquieteddownimmediately.老師要求同學保持寧靜，教室里立即靜了下來。(4)形容詞→名詞單詞形容詞詞義名詞詞義chemical化學的化學品daily每天的日報black黑色的黑色final最終的決賽native當地的當地人total總的總數Wewatchedthefinalgame,thatistosay,wewatchedthefinal.我們看了最終的競賽，也就是說，我們看了決賽。Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautifulandshelikeswearingblackclothes.穿黑衣服的那個女孩看上去很美麗，她喜愛穿黑色的衣服。(5)其他詞性轉化狀況outadv.往外，向外→n.托詞；出路upadv.向上；上漲→v.提高……的價格southn．南方→adv.向南，朝南upstairsn．樓上→adv.在樓上Theywantedtogetthevaseandraisedthepriceup.Theyhaveuppedtheirofferby5%.他們想得到那個花瓶，就提高了價格。他們已經把報價提高了5%。[名師點津]有些詞的詞性轉化后，詞的重音發(fā)生變化。例如：集中演練11－①Sheisaworld-famousfilmstarandhasstarredinmanyfamousfilms.n．明星；v.主演②CCTVwillgivethefanslivebroadcastoftheWorldCup.adj.現場直播的③Thechildisveryexcitedtoseetherealliveelephant.adj.活的④Theoldcouplearelivingapeacefullifeinthecountrysidenow.v．過……的生活⑤Toherteacher'sjoy,Mary'sscoresinthetestareaboveaverage.n.平均水平⑥Itisreportedthattheaverageineoffarmersthisyearhasincreasedby6%.adj.平均的⑦It'sasmallrestaurant,averaginglessthanfiftycustomersaday.v.平均有⑧Thegamefinishedinatiebutourteamwentthroughtothefinal.n.平局⑨Thetwoathletestiedforfirstplacewithatimeofseconds.v.打成平局⑩Myfatherhasrecoveredfromhisillnessandlooksverywell.adj.氣色好?Studentsinmyclassalwaysgetalongwellwitheachother.adv.好?Weusedtogetourdrinkingwaterfromawell.n.井?箱子已經被倒空用來裝這些書。Thecasehas_been_emptiedforthesebooks.?我準備去旅行，而且我已經在網上訂票了。IamgoingtotravelandIhave_booked_the_ticketonline.?她放慢車速，開頭駛上一條狹窄的道路。She_slowed_the_carandbegandrivingupanarrowroad.?我認為這輛車不能容納你們全部的人。Idon'tthinkthecarwillhold_you_all.?在隨后一年的高中生活中，你將會面對越來越多的挑戰(zhàn)。Inthenextyearofyourseniorhighschoollife,youwill_face_more_and_more_challenges.語法點二詞的派生1.定義：通過在詞根上加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞，叫詞的派生。2．常見的形容詞后綴(1)“名詞＋后綴〞構成的形容詞名詞＋-yhealthy,hilly,lucky,rainy,thirsty名詞＋-fulcareful,helpful,successful,useful名詞＋-ichistoric,poetic,electric名詞＋-erneastern,northern,southern,western名詞＋-iveactive,attractive名詞＋-lyfriendly,lively,lovely名詞＋-ousdangerous,famous,poisonous,envious名詞＋-engolden,wooden,woolen名詞＋-lesscareless,endless,homeless,hopeless,useless名詞＋-alcultural,national,natural,official名詞＋-ishchildish,foolish,feverish名詞＋-somehandsome,tiresome名詞＋-wardeastward,southward(2)“動詞＋后綴〞構成的形容詞動詞＋-edexcited,tired,interested動詞＋-ingsurprising,interesting,astonishing動詞＋-ablefortable,enjoyable,acceptable集中演練22－①Whenweplanourvacation,ourmotheroftenoffersuspractical(practice)suggestions.②Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtotheattempted(attempt)murderbythepolicenow.③Whynotgoforapicniconsuchasunny(sun)day?④Thesong,recordedinthestudio,sounded_fantastic(fantasy)atthepartythatnight.⑤Goodsat_reasonable(reason)pricesandofhighqualityarealwayswellreceivedbyconsumers.⑥IbegantoloveShanghaithefirsttimeIcametothisbeautiful_(beauty)city.⑦Ifyougotherebytrain,youwillhavequitea_fortable(fort)journey.⑧Hewasreallymanlyenoughtoberesponsible(response)forwhathehaddone.⑨Thehurricanedestroyedagreatnumberofhouses,makingthousandsofpeoplehomeless(home)．⑩AsfarasI'mconcerned,effective(effect)measuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.?Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthandwise. wealth→wealthy?Mygrandfatherisasenergyasayoungmanandhatessittingarounddoingnothingallday. energy→energetic?Instantnoodleswhichareeasytocookareavailabilityingrocerystores.availability→available?Inadditiontobeingconfident,sheisalsoattractiveandsense. sense→sensitive?Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygiveoffpoisongases. poison→poisonous[鏈接高考]單句語法填空1．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)However,becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.解析：考查詞性轉換。此處為形容詞作表語，故填careful，與前面的be構成系表結構。2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.解析：考查詞性轉換。由前面的定冠詞the可知，其后應接名詞，故填introduction。3．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.解析：考查詞性轉換。依據后面的形容詞unpleasant可知，此處應用副詞修飾形容詞，故填fairly。4．(2015·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)Asnatural(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.解析：考查詞性轉換。此處需要形容詞修飾后面的名詞。[針對演練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空(Ⅰ)詞性轉化1．Supposingyourfathersawyouplaying(play)putergames,whatwouldhesay?2．Someofthesuspectsquestioned(question)refusedtoanswerandkepttheirmouthsshut.3．Ineverdreamed(dream)ofmeetingyouhere.Whatacoincidence!4．GeYou,ZhangGuoliandXuFanstarred(star)inthefilmCellphone.5．Theabandonoftheprojectresulted(result)fromlackofenoughmoney.6．Thewaterinthelakeisnotparticularlydeep,averaging(average)about12meters.7．Hescored(score)farmorethananyofhisopponents,whichprovedhimaworthywinner.8．Listentohercarefully.Hervoicesounds(sound)sweet.9．Lastsummersheworked(work)atarestaurantasawaitress.10．Wewereheading(head)towardstheGreatWallwhenourcarbrokedown.(Ⅱ)詞的派生1．It'srecordedthatmorethantwo-thirdsofthehousesinthisareaweredestroyedbythepowerful(power)hurricane.2．Yourfatherseemsratherenergetic(energy)eventhoughheisnowinhissixties.3．Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim,helooksfriendly(friend)topeoplegreetinghim.4．ThediscoveryofgoldinCaliforniaprovidedpeoplewithendless(end)opportunitiesformakingafortune.5．AgroupofyoungAmericanhadanenjoyable(enjoy)tourinourtownlastmonth.6．Weshouldkeepthechildrenawayfromthedangerous(danger)animals.7．Cyclingishighlybeneficial(benefit)topeople'shealthandtheenvironment.8．Mostofusneedtoleadmorebalanced(balance)livestobehealthyandhappy.9．Man