熱點(diǎn)04形容詞與副詞含義比較詞形變換與特殊用法(原卷版)-十年（2013-2022）高考英語熱門考點(diǎn)梳理與變式練

十年（2013—2022）高考英語熱門考點(diǎn)梳理與變式練熱點(diǎn)04形容詞與副詞含義比較、詞形變換與特殊用法1.（2021·天津）Whilerock-climbing,youneedtoremainvery________sothatyouwon'tmakeanydangerouserrors.A．satisfied B．focused C．a(chǎn)mused D．delighted【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在攀巖的時(shí)候，你需要保持非常專注，這樣你就不會(huì)犯任何危險(xiǎn)的錯(cuò)誤。A.satisfied滿意的；B.focused專注的；C.amused被逗樂的；D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)后文“sothatyouwon'tmakeanydangerouserrors”可知要想不犯任何危險(xiǎn)的錯(cuò)誤，攀巖的時(shí)候需要保持專注，focused符合語境。故選B。2.（2021·天津）Asworkingfromhomebecomes________common,peoplearefindingiteasiertocombineparenthoodwithafull-timecareer.A．increasingly B．equally C．nervously D．confusingly【答案】A【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著在家工作變得越來越普遍，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)為人父母與全職工作相結(jié)合變得越來越容易。A.increasingly越來越多地，漸增地；B.equally相等地；C.nervously緊張地；D.confusingly令人困惑地。根據(jù)后文“peoplearefindingiteasiertocombineparenthoodwithafull-timecareer”可知人們發(fā)現(xiàn)為人父母與全職工作相結(jié)合變得越來越容易，是因?yàn)樵诩夜ぷ髯兊迷絹碓狡毡?，increasingly符合語境。故選A。3.（2021·天津）Thepolicesearchedtheareaforseveraldays.________,theyfoundthepieceofevidencetheywerelookingfor.A．Generally B．OriginallyC．Eventually D．Unfortunately【答案】C【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：警察在這一地區(qū)搜查了好幾天。最終，他們找到了他們一直在努力尋找的證據(jù)。A.Generally通常，普遍地；B.Originally起初，原來，獨(dú)創(chuàng)地；C.Eventually最終；D.Unfortunately不幸地。分析句意，警察一直在努力找證據(jù)，努力有了結(jié)果，最終找到了，故選C。4.（2021·天津）It’sagoodideatochoosea(n)________destinationincaseyourfirst-choicetouristspotisnotavailable.A．a(chǎn)nnual B．exact C．a(chǎn)lternative D．pleasant【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞。句意：如果你首選的旅游景點(diǎn)沒有了，選擇一個(gè)替代目的地是一個(gè)好主意。A.annual年度的；B.exact準(zhǔn)確的；C.alternative替代的；D.pleasant令人愉快的。根據(jù)后文“destinationincaseyourfirst-choicetouristspotisnotavailable”可知此處指替代目的地，應(yīng)用alternative。故選C。5.(2020﹒江蘇)TheoutbreakofCovid-19hasmeantan_____changeinourlifeandwork.A.absurd B.abrupt C.allergic D.authentic【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆發(fā)，給我們的生活和工作帶來了一個(gè)突然的變化。A.absurd荒謬的；B.abrupt突然的；C.allergic過敏的；D.authentic真實(shí)的。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，新冠肺炎疫情給我們的生活和工作帶來了一個(gè)突然的變化。故選B。6.(2020﹒天津)AccordingtoProfessorJohnson,wedon’thavetoreadthebookifwedon’twantto,asitis______.A.worthwhile B.necessary C.optional D.serious【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:根據(jù)約翰遜教授的說法，如果我們不想讀這本書，就不必讀，因?yàn)樗强蛇x擇的。A.worthwhile值得的；B.necessary必要的；C.optional可選擇的，選修的；D.serious嚴(yán)肅的，認(rèn)真的。根據(jù)”wedon’thavetoreadthebookifwedon’twantto”可知，這本書讀不讀都可以，由此可知，它是”可選擇的”。故選C。7.(2020﹒全國卷I﹒語法填空)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.【答案】extremely【解析】考查副詞。句意：登錄月球的背面是極其有挑戰(zhàn)性的?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~challenging，應(yīng)使用extreme的副詞形式，故填extremely。8.(2020﹒全國卷II﹒語法填空)66(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.【答案】Certainly【解析】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)然在假期期間，這種植物是絕對(duì)必要的事物。介詞短語做時(shí)間狀語，因此只有改變成副詞才能復(fù)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，用副詞形式做狀語。故填Certainly。9.(2020﹒全國卷II﹒語法填空)BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.【答案】beautiful【解析】考查形容詞。句意：美麗的長枝上覆蓋著粉紅色的花蕾，做成漂亮的裝飾。修飾名詞branches，用形容詞形式。故填beautiful。10.(2020﹒全國卷III﹒語法填空)Asthesmallboatmoved,68(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.【答案】gently【解析】考查副詞。句意：當(dāng)小船緩緩地沿著江面移動(dòng)時(shí)，山在水中的倒影使他說不出話來。此處修飾動(dòng)詞moved應(yīng)用副詞gently作狀語，表示“緩緩地”。故填gently。11.(2020﹒新高考全國I卷（山東）﹒語法填空)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,___36___(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.【答案】wealthy【解析】考查形容詞。句意:在18和19世紀(jì)，富人旅行并收集植物、歷史物品和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people，應(yīng)使用形容詞，做定語。故填wealthy。12.(2019﹒江蘇)Nowadaysthe___________fortravellingisshiftedfromshoppingtofoodandscenery.A.priority B.potential C.proportion D.pension【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)今，旅行的重點(diǎn)從購物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A.priority優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)；B.potential潛在的，可能的；C.proportion比例，占比；D.pension退休金，撫恤金。故選A。13.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)III卷﹒語法填空)Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining61hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.【答案】so【解析】考查副詞。句意：在我們?nèi)ツ亲孔拥穆飞?，雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達(dá)那里。“so…that…”意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。故填so。14.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)II卷﹒語法填空)Heryearsofhardworkhave___63___(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.【答案】finally【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)空格所處位置可知，此處應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語，修飾謂語動(dòng)詞havebeenacknowledged，意為“最終得以認(rèn)可”，故填finally。15.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)I卷﹒語法填空)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.【答案】higher【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)其后thantheyactuallyare可知，此處為形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填higher。16.(2019﹒新課標(biāo)I卷﹒語法填空)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副詞用法。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語動(dòng)詞hasbeenstudied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。17.(2018﹒江蘇)Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanageris_______toinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.A.keenB.reluctantC.anxiousD.ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：盡管旅館服務(wù)不好，經(jīng)理還不愿投入為員工提供足夠的培訓(xùn)。A.keen敏銳的；B.reluctant不情愿的；C.anxious渴望的；D.ready準(zhǔn)備好的。故選B。18.(2016﹒江蘇)Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemost__________statementsofhow,andonwhatbasis,dataarecollected.A.explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary【答案】A【解析】試題分析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱兩可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，專制的；句意：對(duì)于如何以及在什么基礎(chǔ)上收集數(shù)據(jù)，他的綜合調(diào)查提供了最清晰的說明。故A正確。19.(2015﹒浙江)Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswasalive. A.steadilyB.instantlyC.formerly D.permanently【答案】C

【解析】試題分析:句意:就算我們很少了解食物來自于哪里，我們大多數(shù)人都明白，放在我們的口里的每一點(diǎn)食物在之前都是活著的。A.steadily意為穩(wěn)定地，B.instantly

意為立即地，C.formerly

意為先前地;D.permanently意為永久地。在做題的時(shí)候，只需要理解最后一句話就可以了wasgalive根據(jù)句意及常識(shí)不能得出答案,在吃入口中之前的都是活著的。20.(2015﹒福建)Itwas________ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.A.carelessB.considerate C.patient D.generous【答案】B【解析】試題分析：考查形容詞辨析A.careless不小心的；B.considerate體貼的；C.Patient有耐心的；D.generous慷慨的。該句意思為：麥克真是體貼，他通知我們他會(huì)遲點(diǎn)來以防我們著急。故選B21.(2015﹒江蘇)Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughand_______reviewofthecase.A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：警官?zèng)Q定對(duì)這起案件進(jìn)行一次徹底全面的審查。A項(xiàng)“綜合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B項(xiàng)“復(fù)雜的”；C項(xiàng)“有意識(shí)的”；D項(xiàng)“至關(guān)重要的”。故選A項(xiàng)。22.(2015﹒湖北)Idon’tthinkwhathesaidis_____tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.A.faithfulB.parallelC.relevantD.similar【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：我認(rèn)為他所說的和我們今天討論的話題無關(guān)。他沒有抓住要點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)“忠實(shí)的，忠誠的”；B項(xiàng)“與……平行”；C項(xiàng)“和……相關(guān)”；D項(xiàng)“和……相似”。berelevantto“和……相關(guān)”。故選C項(xiàng)。23.(2014﹒安徽)MygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeaboutmyfutureandaboutwhatIcandohere.A.puzzledB.sensitiveC.optimisticD.embarrassed【答案】C【解析】形容詞puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic樂觀的；embarrassed尷尬的；句義：在工作面試中良好表現(xiàn)讓我對(duì)自己的未來和在這里能夠做的事情很樂觀。根據(jù)Mygoodperformanceinthejobinterview表現(xiàn)良好，說明我對(duì)自己未來很有信心，故C正確。24.(2013﹒福建)Thosepoorandneedyteenagerswereexcitedtofindashopatthecornerwheretheycouldbuy____pricedbikes。A.competitively B.recently C.reasonably D.affordably【答案】D【解析】competitively有競爭力地；recently最近；reasonably合理地、適度地；affordably付得起，根據(jù)句意選D。句意為那些貧困的學(xué)生很興奮地發(fā)現(xiàn)在拐彎的地方有一間商店，在那間商店他們可以買得起標(biāo)明了價(jià)格的自行車。25.(2013﹒湖北)Peoplecomplainthatdecisionstoapproveordenyapermitareoften______ratherthanbasedonfixedcriteria.A.appropriateB.consciousC.arbitraryD.controversial【答案】C【解析】appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?；恰?dāng)?shù)模缓线m的conscious有意識(shí)的，神志清醒的；自覺的，有意的；arbitrary隨意的；主觀的，武斷的；專制的，獨(dú)斷獨(dú)行的；controversial有爭議的，引起爭議的，被爭論的；好爭論的；句意為有人抱怨，批準(zhǔn)或拒絕許可證的決定往往是任意的而不是基于既定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。26.(2013﹒湖北)Hedidn’tselfishlykeepforhimselfthemoneyinheritedfromhisuncle.Instead,hemadea_________contributiontohelpthecommunity.A.commercial

B.generous

C.comparable

D.profitable【答案】B【解析】commercial

商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的；營利的；generous

慷慨的，大方的；豐盛的；comparable

可比較的；比得上的profitable有利可圖的，有益的；句意為他不自私地把自己從他叔叔那里繼承的錢據(jù)為己有，相反，他慷慨的捐獻(xiàn)以幫助社區(qū)。27.(2013﹒遼寧)Everythingseemedtobegoing______forthefirsttwodaysafterImovedtoNewYork.A.vividly B.generally C.frequently D.smoothly【答案】D【解析】A.vividly生動(dòng)地B.generally一般地，概括地C.frequently頻繁地，經(jīng)常地D.smoothly平穩(wěn)地，流利地。本句中，gosmoothly意為“進(jìn)展順利”。故選D。句意為在我搬到紐約之后的頭兩天，似乎一切進(jìn)展順利。28.(2013﹒天津)IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteof--thereare______meaningfulthingstodo.A.lessB.moreC.theleastD.themost【答案】B【解析】B.more.“較多地”修飾形容詞meaningful；此句是一個(gè)比較句型，后面相當(dāng)于省略了thanwatchingTV這一活動(dòng)；C.theleast.“最少”D.themost.“最多”。句意為我認(rèn)為每天晚上看電視是一種浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的行為，還有很多比這更有意義的事情可做。29.(2013﹒全國新課標(biāo)II)Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbefore______isputforward,we’llmakedowithit.A.agoodone B.abetterone C.thebestone D.abestone【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句意，空處應(yīng)該是指“比這個(gè)更好的”，故用比較級(jí)。句意為這可能并不是一個(gè)非常好的建議。但是，在一個(gè)更好的建議提出來之前，我們就將就它了。30.(2013﹒浙江)Ifweleaverightaway,______,we’llarriveontimeA.hopefully B.curiously C.occasionally D.gradually【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)上下文leaverightaway和arriveontime，應(yīng)選擇hopefully有希望。curiously好奇地，occasionally偶爾，gradually漸漸地，均與arriveontime無法搭配。句意為如果我們立刻出發(fā)，我們有希望按時(shí)到達(dá)。一、形容詞、副詞的基本用法形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作的方式。Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.經(jīng)過長時(shí)間旅行后，他們?nèi)齻€(gè)回到家，又餓又累。2.有些副詞還可以作連詞，作副詞時(shí)常放在句末。如：though,(ever)since,incase等。Heisold.Heworkshard,though.＝Thoughheisold,heworkshard.雖然他年事已高，但他工作還是很努力。3.有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語。如：obviously,naturally,surprisingly等。Fortunately,hewasnotdrownedandwassavedbythePLA.幸運(yùn)的是，他沒被淹死，被解放軍給救了。Happilyforher,herstepmotherwaskindtoher.高興的是，她的繼母對(duì)她很好。4.cannot/never與enough或too連用表示：無論怎樣都不過分；越……越好?！狪wasridingaloneinthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.——我正在大街上獨(dú)自一人騎自行車，突然一輛小汽車強(qiáng)行超車把我撞倒了。—Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.——在大街上你越小心越好。二、形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)一、平級(jí)比較1.＂as＋形容詞＋(a/an)＋名詞＋as＂表示同級(jí)比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時(shí)各自所在的位置。 ?Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，教學(xué)是一門科學(xué)，同時(shí)也是一門藝術(shù)。2.＂as＋形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)＋as＂與＂notas/so＋形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)＋as＂表示同級(jí)比較，即兩個(gè)或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同(不同)。 ?Theworkisnotas/sodifficultasyouimagine. 這項(xiàng)工作不是像你想像得那么難。【特別提醒】 as+形容詞+as+數(shù)量詞=數(shù)量詞+形容詞。如： ?Thebuildingisastallas100meters.=Thebuildingis100meterstall.這棟樓有100米。二、比較級(jí)1.比較級(jí)的修飾語有:rather,much，still,any(否定句、疑問句中),even,far,alot，abit,alittle,agreatdeal等。 ?HeismuchtallerthanYaoMing.他比姚明高多了。 ?Thebookisbetterbyfarthanthatone.這本書比那本書要好得多。2.比較級(jí)的常見結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）＂比較級(jí)+than＂結(jié)構(gòu)可以表達(dá)一方超過或低于另一方的情況。 ?YoulookmuchyoungerthanIdo.你看上去比我年輕多了。 ?Shedoesn’tworkharderthanyou.她工作不如你努力。（2）由more,fewer,less+名詞構(gòu)成的比較級(jí) ①more＂比……多＂，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞 ?Ihavemorenewsbooksthanmycousin. ?HehasmoremilkthanI. ②less＂比……少＂，后接不可數(shù)名詞 ?Hehaslesswaterthanme. ③fewer＂比……少＂，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ?Theyhavefewerflowersthanwe.3.比較級(jí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)（1）Themore…,themore…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比較級(jí)) ?Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越細(xì)心，你犯的錯(cuò)誤就越少。 ?Thehappieryouare,themorefriendsyouwillmake.你越快樂，你將會(huì)交越多的朋友。2.＂比較級(jí)+比較級(jí)＂和＂moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞原級(jí)＂表示＂越來越……＂?Ourschooliscleanerandcleaner. 我們的校園越來越干凈。 ?Ourcitybecomesmoreandmorebeautiful. 我們的城市變得越來越漂亮。3.＂the＋比較級(jí)＋ofthetwo＋名詞＂表示＂兩者中較……的那個(gè)＂。 ?Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother. 兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。4.＂no+比較級(jí)+than＂結(jié)構(gòu)表示＂和……一樣不……＂＂not+比較級(jí)+than＂結(jié)構(gòu)意為＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者 ?YouarenotallerthanI.你和我一樣矮。 ?Myhandwritingisnotbetterthanyours.我的書法沒有你的好。三、最高級(jí)1.最高級(jí)的修飾語常見的有：序數(shù)詞，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notreally，notquite，nothinglike。 ?ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver. 目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長的橋。 ?I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera. 我想買僅次于最貴的照相機(jī)。2.最高級(jí)意義的表達(dá)法 ①the+最高級(jí)+比較范圍 ?Thisappleisthebiggestofthefive. ②never…a(n)+比較級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) ?Ihaveneverreadabetterbookthanthis.③比較級(jí)＋than＋anyother＋單數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋alltheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋anyoneelse比較級(jí)＋than＋anyoftheother＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞比較級(jí)＋than＋therestof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞eg:朱莉婭是她班上最高的女生。(一句多譯)①Juliaistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.②Juliaistallerthanalltheothergirlsinherclass.③Juliaistallerthananyoftheothergirlsinherclass.④Juliaistallerthantherestofgirlsinherclass.⑤Juliaisthetallestgirlinherclass.④否定詞＋比較級(jí)＝最高級(jí)。 ?Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends. 為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛是最偉大的愛。 ?—Areyousatisfiedwithwhathesaidatthemeeting? 你對(duì)他在會(huì)議上說的滿意嗎？—No.Itcouldn’thavebeenworse. 不，不能再差了。三、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法表示倍數(shù)的句型：(1)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋B(2)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)＋as＋B(3)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height等)＋of＋B(4)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋that＋of＋B(5)Ais＋倍數(shù)＋what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句①Thisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.Thisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.這個(gè)建筑物是那個(gè)建筑物的3倍高。②Theoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof2008.＝Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin2008.今年的產(chǎn)量是2008年的三倍。③Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced，thefactoryproducedtwiceasmanycarsin2008astheyearbefore.自從新技術(shù)被引進(jìn)以后，這家工廠2008年生產(chǎn)的小汽車是上一年的兩倍。四、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~→數(shù)詞→描繪詞→(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色)→出處→材料性質(zhì)→類別→名詞asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingadirtyoldbrownshirtafamousGermanmedicalschoolanexpensiveJapanesesportscar五、形容詞、副詞辨析形容詞副詞的區(qū)別及用法1.late和laterHeislate.Heishalfanhourlate. 他遲到了，遲到了半小時(shí)。Threeminuteslater,hearrived. 三分鐘后，他來了。2.pleased,pleasing與pleasant（1）pleased的含義是＂感到滿意，高興＂，后常跟介詞at,with。例如：I’mpleasedtoseeyouhere. 在這兒見到你很高興。She’spleasedwithourprogramme. 她對(duì)我們的節(jié)目很滿意。（2）pleasing表示＂令人欣喜的＂，相當(dāng)于＂givingpleasure＂。例如：Mysister’sprogressindancingispleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的進(jìn)步令人高興。Thebabyhasapleasingvoice. 這個(gè)嬰兒的聲音很悅耳。（3）pleasant表示＂快樂的，愉快的＂。例如：Thegirlhasapleasantchildhood. 這個(gè)女孩有一個(gè)快樂的童年。Tohaveapleasantholidayismyfavorite. 過一個(gè)愉快的假期是我最喜歡的。3.living,alive與live。在句中充當(dāng)定語及表語。例如：Notalllivingthingsliveonsunlight. 并非所有的生物都依賴陽光生存。Mygrandparentsarestillliving. 我的祖父母仍然健在。（2）alive譯為＂活著的＂，可以在句中作表語及定語。作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞之后。例如：Hemaybethebusiestpersonalive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。Isthatsheepdeadoralive? 那頭羊是死了還是活著？（3）alive還有＂活潑的，活動(dòng)的，有生機(jī)的＂之意。例如：Youseemverymuchalivetoday. 你今天看起來很活躍。（4）live表示＂活著的＂，做＂現(xiàn)場直播＂講時(shí)可以用作形容詞、副詞，在句子中可以作定語，表語。Theprogrammeislive./Theprogrammeisbroadcastlive. 這個(gè)節(jié)目是現(xiàn)場直播的。4.worth，worthy與worthwhile（1）worth意為＂值得的＂，后接v-ing形式，構(gòu)成＂beworthdoing＂結(jié)構(gòu)，也可接表示價(jià)格的名詞及錢數(shù)；（2）worthy意為＂值得的＂，后接＂of+名詞（或being+過去分詞）＂，構(gòu)成＂beworthyof+名詞（或beingdone）＂結(jié)構(gòu)或＂beworthytobedone＂結(jié)構(gòu)。（3）beworthwhiletodosth./doingsth.例如：Thiscoatisworthonehundredyuan. 這件上衣價(jià)值一百元。Thisproblemisworthyofbeingdiscussed. 這個(gè)問題值得討論。5.too、also、eithertoo和also用于肯定句、疑問句，too多用于口語，also多用于書面語，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。Aretheycomingtoo? 他們也來嗎?Sheisyoungandbeautiful,andalsorich. 她年輕漂亮，而且有錢。Hehasn’tfinishedit,either. 他也還沒有做完。6.likely與possible,probablelikely的主語可以是it也可以是名詞或其它代詞，而possible和probable只能用it作主語。六、重難點(diǎn)句型詳解句型1：Ais倍數(shù)＋thesize/length/weight/height…ofB.如：Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新擴(kuò)建的廣場是前一個(gè)的四倍大。句型2：AistoBwhatCistoD.意為＂A對(duì)于B就如C對(duì)于D。＂如：Enginesaretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimals.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)于機(jī)器就如心臟對(duì)于動(dòng)物。句型3：can’tbetoo＋adj.＝can’tbe＋adj.＋enough無論……都不為過，越……越……如：Youcanneverbecarefulenough.＝Y(jié)oucanneverbetoocareful.你無論怎么小心都不為過。句型4：too…to句型的兩個(gè)意義(1)表示否定意義，意為＂太……而不能＂。如：Thisquestionistoohardformetounderstand. 這個(gè)問題對(duì)我來說太難理解了。(2)表示肯定意義，意為＂非常，很，極＂。當(dāng)too后面接easy，ready,eager,inclined,willing,thankful,delighted等形容詞時(shí)，too表示＂很，非常＂之意，與very表達(dá)＂很＂的意思相同。當(dāng)too前有all,but,only等詞時(shí)，形成only/but/alltoo…todo結(jié)構(gòu)，仍舊表達(dá)＂非常，很，極＂之意。如：I’mtoogladtohearthat. 我對(duì)此感到非常高興。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Thechildren’stelevisionprogrammesareaimedata______ageofgroup.A．smart B．senior C．specific D．slight2．Thepoemis_________oftheRomanticperiod,whichmakesitknowntoall.A．satisfying B．regular C．formal D．typical3．Stopbeingso________,don’tgetangrywithsuchunimportantmatters.A．sensitive B．cruel C．fierce D．simple4．—HowdoyoulikethesongChengdusungbyXiamenZhongxueshengZhushou?—Oh,Ihaveneverenjoyeda______onebefore.A．worst B．best C．worse D．better5．Lyingonthe_______leavesandlookingattheclearsky,wefeltvery_______.A．falling;relaxing B．fallen;relaxing C．falling;relaxed D．fallen;relaxed6．Thelocalgovernmentsdecidedtoshutdownsomeschools_______tousethemasstorehouses.A．severely B．incredibly C．temporarily D．originally7．Whenaskedabouttheirworkschedules,manypeoplepreferredmore_______workinghours,whichcanhelpthembalanceworkandlife.A．capable B．flexible C．a(chǎn)vailable D．sustainable8．Choosinga________timetogotobedandthenstickingwithitisaninstantwaytohavemoredeepsleep.A．flexible B．specific C．precious D．rough9．Butachange,nomatterhow________itwasneeded,didn’tjusthappeninresponsetohiscry.A．ultimately B．domestically C．instinctively D．desperately10．FengXiaogang’slatestfilm,nowaboxofficehit,___________scheduledforreleaseonSept29washeldbackfortwomonths.A．casually B．originally C．permanently D．eventually11．Thoughtheprettygirlgotwhatshehadlistedonthepaper,shelookedattheshopwindowwith________eyes.A．crucial B．fierce C．uncomplicated D．greedy12．Thisletterisreally________tomebecauseit’sthelastonethatPeteeverwrote.A．precise B．previous C．precious D．present13．Humansareandwillcontinuetobecomeincreasingly______abouttheproblems______healthandwell-beingthroughfood.A．concerning;concerned B．concerned;concernedC．concerning;concerning D．concerned;concerning14．Shereadcomics______inclassandfilledthemarginsofhertextbookswithherownsketches.A．specially B．a(chǎn)dmittedly C．secretly D．properly15．Thisbrand-newinstrument,______ofproducingloudandsoftsounds,greatlyexpandsthepossibilitiesforconveyingemotion.A．capable B．a(chǎn)ble C．conscious D．ignorant16．Despitepreviousfailedattempts,thescientistsbelievedtheywouldmakeamajorbreakthroughinthe________experiments.A．critical B．subsequent C．delayed D．extended17．—DoyouknowifRobinismarriedornot?—Oh,asfarasIknow,heisstill______.A．a(chǎn)vailable B．married C．free D．a(chǎn)lone18．Smarthomescanwarnyouearlyonifthereissomething______ofyourhealth,and______saveyourlife.A．a(chǎn)bnormal;potentially B．usual;possiblyC．normal;impossibly D．unusual;definitely19．Aftertheexperiment,wecanseeclearlythattheresultsofthesurveyfallsintotwo______groups,sowecaneasilyseethedifferencenow.A．indistinct B．distinct C．distinctive D．distant20．Thereislittlechancethatwewillsucceedinchangingthelaw.______,itisimportantthatwetry.A．Moreover B．Furthermore C．Inaddition D．Nevertheless21．Lifebeingveryshort,weoughttowastenoneoftheminreading______books.A．valueless B．valuable C．invaluable D．worthwhile22．ThespeechgivenbyDr.ZhongNanshanwas______andtouchedmyheart.A．inspiring B．inspired C．beinginspired D．toinspire23．Thepercentageofstudentsmajoringinartshasincreased_________from8%to37%inthepasttwoyears.A．gradually B．slightly C．dramatically D．particularly24．—Peter,mayIuseyourbicyclenow?—Sorry,itisnot______atthemoment.Itisbeingrepaired.A．ideal B．a(chǎn)djustable C．a(chǎn)vailable D．ultimate25．Thebossisquite______withhissecretary’s______ability.A．satisfied;satisfied B．satisfying;satisfyingC．satisfied;satisfying D．satisfying;satisfied26．Wehadnoideathathewassucha________personwholovedmoneymorethananythingelse.A．a(chǎn)dmirable B．eager C．enthusiastic D．greedy27．Theprogramprovides______supporttopeoplewholosttheirjobsinthepandemic.A．energetic B．desperate C．intelligent D．financial28．Thoughmyrecentquizscoresare______,myteacheraswellasmyparentsalways______me.A．discouraging;encourages B．discouraged;encouragesC．discouraging;encourage D．discouraged;encourage29．______inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A．Tolose B．Losing C．Lost D．Havingbeenlost30．Thepolicemancameuptotheonlyhousewiththedoor________,________thereforawhileandthenenteredit.A．open;standing B．opening;stood C．open;stood D．opened;standing二、完形填空Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways___31___you,butdon’tunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyou,butunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlife,butonly___32___friendsleavefootprints(腳印).Ishallalwaysrecall(回憶)theautumnandthegirlwiththe___33___.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend.Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves___34___onthecoolwind.Insuchaseason,Ilikedwalkingaloneintheleaves,___35___tothesoundofthem.Autumnisa___36___seasonbutlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme___37___.Butoneday,thesoundofaviolinflowedintomyearslikeastream(小溪)flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirl,standinginthewind,waslostinplayingherviolin.Ihad___38___seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.Lostinthemusic,Ididn’tknowthatIhadbeen___39___thereforsolongbutmyexistence(存在)didnotseemtodisturbher.Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolininthecornerofthebuilding____40____Iwentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame____41____.____42____wedidn’tknoweachother,Ithoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme.Autumnwasnearlyover.Oneday,whenIwaslisteningcarefully,thesoundsuddenlystopped.Tomyastonishment(驚訝),thegirlcameovertome.“Youmustlikeviolin.”shesaid.“Yes.Andyouplayverywell.Whydidyoustop?”Iasked.Suddenly,a____43____expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual.“Icameheretoseemygrandmother,butnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythatencouragedme.”shesaid.“Infact,itwasyourplaying____44____gavemeameaningfulautumn,”Ianswered,“Let’sbefriends.”Thegirlsmiled,andsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistenlikebefore.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure(身影)ofthegirl.Sheislikea____45____—soshort,sobright,likeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatitmakestheautumnbeautiful.31．A．for B．with C．a(chǎn)gainst D．to32．A．good B．new C．true D．old33．A．sound B．song C．violin D．play34．A．shaking B．hanging C．falling D．floating35．A．watching B．seeing C．listening D．hearing36．A．lively B．harvest C．lovely D．lonely37．A．down B．off C．up D．over38．A．once B．never C．often D．usually39．A．standing B．stopping C．waiting D．hearing40．A．because B．when C．so D．but41．A．interesting B．moving C．exciting D．encouraging42．A．But B．However C．Even D．Though43．A．happy B．surprised C．strange D．sad44．A．who B．which C．it D．that45．A．song B．fire C．dream D．sister三、語法填空1SwimmingwaytosuccessWhatdoesittaketograduatefromauniversity?Many___46___sayallyouhavetodoistakeclassesandpasstheexams.Well,itrequiresmorethanitifyou’reastudentatTsinghuaUniversity.StartingthisSeptember,freshmenattheuniversitywillhavetotakeswimmingcourses.Iftheyfailaswimmingtestatthebeginningoftheiruniversitycourse,theywon’treceivetheirdegree___47___theycanpassthetestsuccessfully,accordingtoanannouncementbyTsinghuaUniversitypresidentQiuYong.Exceptions___48___(allow)forstudentswithcertainphysicalormentalconditions,ifprovedbymedicalstaff.LiuBo,headoftheDivisionofSportsScienceandPhysicalEducation,explained___49___theuniversityislinkingswimmingabilitywithdegrees.“Asarequisite(必要的)survivalskill,swimmingisbeneficialforstudentsinthelongrun,sinceswimmingishelpfulinimprovingstudents’enduranceandis___50___(harmful)tojoints(關(guān)節(jié))andmusclesasawatersport,”hetoldChinaDaily.Viewingtheability____51____(swim)asamustforstudentsisnotsomethingnewtothisuniversity-itwasalsoarequirementintheearly20thcentury.Itwaslaterdropped___52___arisingnumberofstudentsandalackoffacilities.BesidesTsinghuaUniversity,PekingUniversityandXiamenUniversityhavealsolistedswimmingasacompulsorycourseforstudents.However,theannouncementhascausedaheateddebate.Somewelcomedthenewrule,sayingit’sanecessaryskillthatcansavelives.“Swimmingisafundamental(基本的)skill.It’sawaytostayhealthyandislifesavinginemergencysituations.Ibelievemaking____53____mandatory(強(qiáng)制的)isnecessary,”YuanJiaxiang,ajuniorinTsinghua’sDepartmentofCivilEngineering,toldChinaDaily.However,somesaidithasnothingtodowithgettingadegree.“It’snotreasonabletorequirepeopletobeabletoswimforthemtograduate,”ZhengXiaoyu,ahighschoolstudentfromtheMiddleSchoolAffiliatedtoNorthernJiaotongUniversity,toldChinaDaily.“Foralotofpeoplewhogrewupininlandcities,learninghowtoswimasanadultwillbedifficult.”Infact,Chineseuniversitiesarenottheonlyeducationorganizations___54___encouragetheirstudentstoswim.AfewcollegesintheUnitedStates-includingCornell,ColumbiaandMIT-offerswimclassestostudents.“Anything___55___(prevent)peoplefromdyingneedlesslyisavaluableskill,”FredDeBruyn,directorofaquatics(水上運(yùn)動(dòng))atCornell,toldTheNewYorkTimes.2閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AsEnglishlearners,wehavethealphabetclearlyinourmind,inorder,fromaveryyoungage.YoucansaytheABCs___56___rapidspeedandsomepeoplecanevensaythembackwardswithout__57__(think)aboutit.Wecertainlycan'timaginethealphabetbeinginanyotherorder.buthowdidtheorderweknowtodaycometobe?There’s___58___(real)notaneasyanswer.Noonewokeupanddecidedtoputthe__59__(letter)inthatorder,thealphabet__60__(evolve)slowlyoveralongperiodoftimetobecome__61__itistoday.OuralphabetcandatebacktoancientEgypt.Thisfirstalphabet__62__(improve)bythePhoeniciansaround1000BC,___63___(early)thantheGreeksby200years,andwehavethemtothankforvowels(元音)FromGreece,ouralphabettraveledtoRome,andtheRomansturned__64__intothe“modern”alphabet,withletterswerecognizetoday.Sowhythatorder?Whilewedon’tknowforsure.somescholarsassumedthattheordercamefrommemorycellsinourbrainsmeant__65__(help)peoplerememberit-somekindofsentencewhereeachletterbecameafullword,likethetechniqueyouusedinschooltoremembertheorderoftheplanets.3閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式（不超過3個(gè)單詞）。AlbertEinsteinwasoneofthegreatest____66____(scientist)intheworld.Hedevelopedmanytheoriesorideas.Thesetheoriescontributedgreatly____67____people’sunderstandingoftheuniverse.AlbertEinsteinwasb