北京中考英語試題及答案

2018年北京市高級中等學(xué)校招生考試英語試卷姓名本試卷共頁，共五道大題，道小題，滿分分?？荚嚂r間分鐘。準(zhǔn)考證號考場號座位號考生須知在試卷和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號、考場號和座位號。試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。在答題卡上，選擇題用鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答?？荚嚱Y(jié)束，將本試卷、答題卡卡和草稿紙一并交回。知識運用（共14分）一、單項填空（共6分，每小題0.5分）從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D個選項中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ilikefootball.Isaforin----usuallytoplayitafrom-----theyarecute.likeifIIlltrain.thethreeisthetallest.is7.Billlikesread8.----Paul,night?-----Iainthefriends.atennisplayer,toplaytennissix------Lucy,isateacher?------Yes,is.historyfornearlyisteachingAinternationalairportinthecityisthepicturehisisreadingreadteach-------Alice,tell-------Sure.leftleaveleavedidleave二、完形填空（共8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。RealSolutions(解決方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.Themanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblems13inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandall.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedintheThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的）balloons15sothattheballoonswouldntblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas16.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure(壓力).Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoons17outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothewerenextandlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswerethenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisornameon,Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.herItwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto19therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel,theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoonsrespectiveengineers.20thehandsoftheThemanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.freedlifted閱讀理解（共36分）findhitACD四個選項中，26分，每小題2分）ARoger:Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan,mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift,weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?Jessica:Yes,Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,WewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere.Thenwevisitedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.Sara:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference會議）oncharity(慈善）lastWednesday.Iwasexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.Martin:Itwasadifferentweekthanusual,LastThursday,myschoolband(樂隊）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFridaywewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!A.LastWednesdayB.lastthursdayC.LastFridayD.LastSaturday.22.Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?23.MartinwenttoAtlantaA.speakataconferenceC.performinacompetitionB.organizeapartyD.visitauniversityBWhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl,fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench)，"Theyregood!"IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.24.ThewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuyA.fruitsB.vegetablesC.candiesD.toys25.Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothert..B.seeA.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.B.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(關(guān)聯(lián))withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(認(rèn)知功能）.ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildrensaddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness注意力不集中）weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.Payamtheleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2，593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand’sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace..C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,theresalwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwetseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽視）it，Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.Butbecausewerealizeit’sforourowngood.Happypeopledontjustacceptchange;theyembrace(擁抱）it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn’thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbesfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe?rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.30.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthatA.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepain.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.32.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.B.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothat.C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallypassinggrades.consideredAnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefact”.SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactoryorIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In，theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:C:76-84%(fair)Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據(jù))toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon?tfullyreflect(反映）studentlearning。However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉）andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyarentgoingawayanytimesoon.34.whatdoesanFstandforinthe、、C、DandFgradingsystem?35.whenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?36.whatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?37.whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?38.whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?39.50詞的文段寫作，文中已給出內(nèi)容不計入總數(shù).所給提示詞語僅供選用，請不要寫出你的校名和姓名。題目一：Peter參加，請用英語寫一封電子郵件，告訴他講座時間和地點以及需要做什么準(zhǔn)備。提示詞語：lecture講座）,invite,information,question,online提示問題：Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?whatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?Howisitgoing?llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.們都應(yīng)該提倡節(jié)儉，拒絕IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.某英文網(wǎng)站在開展以“節(jié)約是美德”為主題的征文活動，假如你是李華，請用英語寫一篇短文投稿.談?wù)勆钪心闶窃趺醋龅?，以這樣做的意義。提示詞語：thrifty節(jié)約的）?save,turnoff.money,virtue美德）提示問題：Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife?w123456789hydoyoudoCABDCDBACBDAso?2018It’soneofourtraditionalvir