北京市房山區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

第1頁/共1頁2023北京房山高二(下)期中英語第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegotmadwhenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his___1___tookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.ForRobbie,akeenbicyclist,thefirstthingtodowas___2___hisstolenbike.Butwhenhewentshopping,hefoundfewavailable,whichgothimthinking:WhatifthelackofbikeswasCovid-19related,andwhatifthepersonwho’dtakenhisbikereallyneeded___3___togettowork?Withthatthoughtinmind,Robbiecameupwithaplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite.He___4___tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes,whichhewouldrepair—againforfree.Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn’thavethe___5___tobuyone.Thedaythepostwentlive,Robbiereceivedthirtyusedbicycles.Thencamemorethan500enquiriesfordetailedinformation.Bytheendof2020,Robbiehadrepairedmorethan140fordonationortobe___6___totheirowners.Robbietriestogivehisdonationstofamiliesthataretruly___7___.Uponsimplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.Inadditiontopracticalskills,Robbie’slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.___8___,thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment.“It’sareallygreatexperienceforkids,”saidaneighborinaninterviewwiththelocalnewspaper.“Robbieiscertainlyprovidinga___9___,butit’snotjustthebikes.It’stherelationshipsinthecommunity.It’sthe____10____thathecanmakeonpeople.”1.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route2.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace3.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission4.A.offered B.refused C.hesitated D.remembered5.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse6.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned7.A.demanding B.struggling C.fighting D.requesting8.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile9.A.service B.competition C.ceremony D.suggestion10.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A5.B6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了RobbiePruitt在自行車被盜后萌生了幫人修自行車的想法，他不僅修車，還把修好的二手車捐給那些真正需要但沒有預(yù)算買車的人。他還給鄰居的孩子們提供了一個學(xué)習(xí)如何修理自行車的機(jī)會。Robbie的行為給人們帶來了巨大的影響?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但很快，他的情緒就發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變。A.emotions情緒；B.career職業(yè)；C.opinions想法；D.route路線。根據(jù)下文“Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathyinstead.”可知，他原本是憤怒和沮喪的，但后來變成了同情，這是他情緒的變化。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對于熱衷騎自行車Robbie來說，要做的第一件事就是替換他被盜的自行車。A.ride騎；B.lock鎖上；C.repair修理；D.replace替換。根據(jù)下文“Butwhenhewentbikeshopping,”可知，自行車丟了，他想換新車。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)他去買自行車時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎沒有車，這讓他思考：如果缺乏自行車與新冠肺炎相關(guān)，如果騎他自行車的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A.instruction指令；B.qualification資格；C.transportation交通工具；D.permission許可。由本句“thepersonwho’dtakenhisbikereallyneeded3togettowork?”可推知，他猜想偷車人需要自行車作為上班的交通工具。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他主動提出為任何需要的人免費修理自行車。A.offered主動提出；B.refused拒絕；C.hesitated猶豫；D.remembered記得。根據(jù)上文“Robbiecameupwithaplanandposteditonthecommunitywebsite”可知，他將自己的想法和計劃發(fā)布到網(wǎng)站上，說明是他主動提出為別人免費修理自行車。選A項。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他會把它們捐給那些真正需要但沒有預(yù)算買的人。A.profit利潤；B.budget預(yù)算；C.courage勇氣；D.excuse借口。根據(jù)句中“donatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethem”可知，這些修好的舊車是用于捐贈的，所以是捐給需要但沒有預(yù)算買車的人。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：到2020年底，Robbie已經(jīng)修復(fù)了超過140輛自行車用于捐贈或歸還給它們的主人。A.exported出口；B.sold出售；C.lent借給；D.returned歸還。根據(jù)句中“totheirowners”可知，部分修好的車也會歸還給它們的主人。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Robbie試圖把他的自行車捐給那些真正在艱苦奮斗的家庭。A.demanding強(qiáng)烈要求；B.struggling奮斗，掙扎；C.fighting打架；D.requesting請求。根據(jù)上文“Andthenhewoulddonatethemtofolkswhocouldtrulyusethembutdidn’thavethe5tobuyone.”可知，自行車是捐給真正需要但沒有預(yù)算買的人，即在在艱苦奮斗的貧窮家庭。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時，孩子們獲得了一種成就感。A.Otherwise否則；B.However然而；C.Somehow不知怎么的；D.Meanwhile與此同時。上文“Robbie’slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.”說他的行為帶來諸多益處，句中“thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment”承接上文，說Robbie還給孩子們帶來成就感，上下文是并列關(guān)系，用連接副詞meanwhile。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辯詞。句意：Robbie當(dāng)然會提供服務(wù)，但不僅僅是自行車。A.service服務(wù)；B.competition比賽；C.ceremony儀式；D.suggestion建議。根據(jù)前文可知，Robbie免費修自行車，教授孩子們?nèi)绾涡捃?，這都是由他所提供的服務(wù)。故選A項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辯詞。句意：而是他對人們的影響。A.compromise妥協(xié)；B.impression印象；C.impact巨大影響；D.progress進(jìn)步。根據(jù)上文“Uponsimplysatisfyingamaterialneed,hehasprovidedanopportunityforkidsinhisneighborhoodtolearnhowtofixtheirownbikes.Inadditiontopracticalskills,Robbie’slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.”可知，Robbie的行為給人們帶來了巨大的影響。故選C項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ilastedtwodays.Thedetoxwas___11___(difficult)totoleratethanIhadexpected.IfeltlikeIhadlostanarm!Noteatingfortwodayswouldhavebeeneasier!Butonreflection,Icanseehowmuchofmytimehadbeenoccupiedwith___12___(check)myphone.NowI___13___(try)tospendlesstimeonlineandmoretimepickingupmyhobbies.【答案】11.moredifficult12.checking13.amtrying【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述了我戒手機(jī)的情況?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：脫癮比我想象的更難忍受。形容詞difficult在句中作表語，結(jié)合句意和句中“thanIhadexpected”可知，應(yīng)使用其比較級形式moredifficult，表示“更難的”。故填moredifficult?！?2題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但仔細(xì)一想，我知道我有多少時間花在了查看手機(jī)上。介詞with后用動名詞作賓語。故填checking?！?3題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：現(xiàn)在我試著少花點時間上網(wǎng)，多花點時間培養(yǎng)我的愛好。提示詞是句子謂語動詞，結(jié)合時態(tài)狀語Now可知，講述現(xiàn)階段正在做的事情，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，又因主語是I，系動詞應(yīng)用am。故填amtrying。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Whatiscultureshock?WhenhefirstvisitedtheUS,MrLiwasconfusedonabus.Heofferedhisseattoanelderlyman,butthemanseemed___14___(annoy)andrefusedtotaketheseat.LaterMr.Li’sAmericanfriendsexplainedtohimthatintheUSitisnotadvisable,andevenoffensive,toofferyourseattoelderlypeople.ThisisverydifferentfromChina,wherepeople___15___(encourage)todoso.Fromtheexamplewecanseethatcultureshockisthefeelingofconfusionandanxietywhenyouencounter___16___(situation)wheretheculturalnorms(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))inyourculturenolongerapply.【答案】14.annoyed15.areencouraged16.situations【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是文化沖擊?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他給一位老人讓座，但那位老人似乎很生氣，拒絕讓座。seem是系動詞，提示詞作表語，表明主語theman的心理狀態(tài)，用-ed結(jié)尾形容詞annoyed，意為“惱怒的，煩惱的”。故填annoyed?！?5題詳解】考查動詞語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：這與中國非常不同，在中國，人們被鼓勵去做這樣的事情。encourage(鼓勵)是定語從句中謂語動詞，與主語people之間是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)句意可知，描述習(xí)慣性行為，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，且主語是集體名詞people時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，be動詞使用are。故填areencouraged?！?6題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：從這個例子中我們可以看到，文化沖擊是當(dāng)你遇到你的文化規(guī)范不再適用的情況時，你感到困惑和焦慮?？蓴?shù)名詞situation在句中作賓語，意為“情況”，結(jié)合語境，這種情況不止一個，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞situations，表泛指。故填situations。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheQinmingFestival,originatingfromtheHanshiDay,isanopportunityforpeople___17___(remember)andhonortheirancestorsattombs.Anditbecameafestivalin732.Thenobservance(紀(jì)念)ofQingmingfoundafirmplace___18___Chinesecultureandcontinuedforover2500years.TheQingmingFestivalisatime___19___thesunshinesbrightly,treesandgrassbecomegreenandnatureisagainlively.Sinceancienttimes,people___20___(follow)thecustomofSpringOutings.【答案】17.toremember18.in19.when20.havefollowed【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文一篇說明文。文章介紹了清明節(jié)。【17題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：清明節(jié)，起源于寒食節(jié)，是人們在墓前紀(jì)念祖先的一個機(jī)會。抽象名詞opportunity后常用不定式作后置定語；anopportunity(forsb.)todosth.“(某人)做某事的機(jī)會”。故填toremember。【18題詳解】考查介詞。句意：然后，清明節(jié)在中國文化中占據(jù)了穩(wěn)固的地位，并持續(xù)了2500年。表示“在中國文化中”用介詞in；findafirmplacein...“在……中找到穩(wěn)固的地位”。故填in?！?9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：清明節(jié)是一個陽光明媚，樹木和草地變綠，大自然又活躍起來的日子。分析句子可知，空格處為限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞time，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，表示“在那時”，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)該從句。故填when?！?0題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：自古以來，人們就有春游的習(xí)俗。follow(沿襲，遵循)是句中謂語動詞，根據(jù)時間狀語Sinceancienttimes可知，動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，且主語是集體名詞people時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填havefollowed。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ABeingstranded(困住)inthewildernessisaterrifyingprospectforanyone,soforthosewhowanttobeprepared,thensurvivaltrainingcoursescouldbeagreatidea.Youcanlearnhowtosurviveinsomeofthemostextremeandunstableconditions.HerearesomeofthebestsurvivaltrainingcoursesyoucanfindacrosstheUSA.●BearGryllsSurvival—Availableinmanydifferentcountriesisthiswell-knownTVpersonality’scourseonsurvival.Thisinvolvesafive-dayadventure,withtwodaysofintensesurvivaltrainingfromBear.Youwillthenbedroppedontoanislandfor30hourstoputtheskillsyoujustlearnedtothetest.●BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival—Openingbackin1968,thisisthemostrenownedsurvivalschoolintheworld.Participantsspend28daysoutintheUtahwildernesswithlimitedsuppliesandequipment.Therearealsoshorterversionsofthecoursefor7to14dayperiodsaswellascoursesforkidsaswell.●AncientPathways—Themilitaryusesthissurvivalschoolfortheirdesertsurvivaltraining,soyouknowit’stherealdeal.There’salotofdifferentclassesonoffer,frombushcrafttoextremewildernesssurvival.Youcangoonthesecoursesfrom4to14dayperiods,andthere’sevenaknifeonlysurvivalcoursetoo.Thentheyhaveamoreintensivecourseavailableafterwardsthattakessurvivaltoawholenewlevelwithnofoodandwater.●MountainScoutSurvivalSchool—Foratrainingcoursethatisquicker(andcheaperaswell),theMountainScoutSchooloffersupone-daytrainingexperiencesjustoutsideofNewYork.Thesearegreatclassesforkidswhowanttolearnmoreabouturbansurvival.Therearealsocoursesontracking,trapping,firebuildingandothernecessarysurvivalskillsthatcouldendupsavingyourlife.21.WhatcanyoudoinAncientPathways?A.Takeacoursetojointhearmy.B.ExperiencethewildernessofUtah.C.Learnhowtosurviveonlywithaknife.D.Examinewhatyou’velearnedonanisland.22.Whatcoursesaresuitablefora12-year-oldboywhohasasenseofadventure?A.BearGryllsSurvival&AncientPathways.B.BearGryllsSurvival&BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival.C.AncientPathways&MountainScoutSurvivalSchool.D.BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival&MountainScoutSurvivalSchool.23.Thispassageisintendedfor___.A.militaryenthusiasts B.outdoorenthusiastsC.survivalexperts D.educationexperts【答案】21.C22.D23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國最好的四個生存訓(xùn)練課程?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AncientPathways部分中“Youcangoonthesecoursesfrom4to14dayperiods,andthere’sevenaknifeonlysurvivalcoursetoo.(你可以參加為期4到14天的課程，甚至還有一個只有刀的生存課程)”可知，在AncientPathways，你將學(xué)會如何在只有一把刀的情況下生存。故選C項?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival部分中“Therearealsoshorterversionsofthecoursefor7to14dayperiodsaswellascoursesforkidsaswell.(也有7到14天的短期課程，還有兒童課程)”和MountainScoutSurvivalSchool部分中“Thesearegreatclassesforkidswhowanttolearnmoreabouturbansurvival.(對于想要了解更多城市生存知識的孩子來說，這些課程非常棒)”可知，BOSS28-DayFieldSurvival和MountainScoutSurvivalSchool兩項適合有冒險精神的12歲男孩。故選D項。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“Beingstranded(困住)inthewildernessisaterrifyingprospectforanyone,soforthosewhowanttobeprepared,thensurvivaltrainingcoursescouldbeagreatidea.Youcanlearnhowtosurviveinsomeofthemostextremeandunstableconditions.HerearesomeofthebestsurvivaltrainingcoursesyoucanfindacrosstheUSA.(被困在野外對任何人來說都是一件可怕的事情，所以對于那些想要做好準(zhǔn)備的人來說，生存培訓(xùn)課程可能是一個好主意。你可以學(xué)習(xí)如何在一些最極端和不穩(wěn)定的條件下生存。這里有一些你可以在美國各地找到的最好的生存訓(xùn)練課程)”可知，本文介紹了美國最好的四個生存訓(xùn)練課程，所以這篇文章是寫給戶外運動愛好者的。故選C項。BDearYear6atSnowdonValeCountySecondarySchool,Doyourememberweagreedtocirculateourideasforourschoolprojectthisyear?Well,hereisoursuggestionandwehopeyouwilljoinustodevelopit.Theideacametousintheautumnof2004whenourheadteachermadeanannouncementofanewstudentcomingfromacircus.Immediatelytherewaswhispering,“Thosearedirtypeople!”;“Theyeatrawmeat!”;“Theywearrags!”...Theteacherstoppedthetalkingseriously.Thenextmorningafterbeingintroducedtotheclass,Jakesatintheonlyspareseatnexttome.Hewassmallerthanmeandhaddirtyfingernails.Hisshirtwascleanbuthadbeenrepairedonmanyplaces.Asheseemedtohavenohandkerchiefandwassniffingloudly,Ipassedhimoneofmine.Immediatelytheboysbehindmebegantowhisper,“He’llgiveyoutheplaguewhenhereturnsit!”Jakemusthaveheardtheremarkstoo.Heseemedtobehavinggreatdifficultywithhismathematicstask.SoIleanedoverandexplainedtheproblemstohim.Ashelistened,hismouthsplitintoadazzlingsmile.Hiseyeslitupasifalighthadbeenturnedonandhereturnedtotheexerciseswithenthusiasm.Hefinishedthemquicklyandproudlypresentedthemtotheteacher.“Welldone,Jake,”sheapproved.“Nowyoucangoandworkonournewdatabase.”Jakebeamedandwassoonbusysortingoutinformationandaddingmoreofhisown.IthoughtabouthowJake’slifewouldbe.Irememberedseeingthecampsiteandthinkinghowpoorthefacilitieswere:onlyonetapforwater,noparticularplacetoputrubbishandasmalldirtywashingandtoiletarea.Iwonderedthatiftheywereimproved,thenperhapspeoplewouldnolongerberudetohim.Idecidedtohelp.Thisyear,weinourschoolplantoimprovethecampsite.Hopeyouwilljoinus.Bestwishes.FredSamsMeadowsideCountySecondarySchool24.WhydidtheotherstudentshaveunfriendlyremarksonJake?A.BecauseJakewasseeneatingrawmeat.B.BecauseJakelivedonacircuscampsite.C.BecauseJakewasnotgoodatmathematics.D.BecauseJakewasstruckbyaterribleplague.25.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph3?A.Jake’sclothingwasexactlywhattheotherstudentsexpected.B.FredSamsstoppedhelpingJakewhenotherboysheldhimback.C.Jakebrokeintoasmilebecausehefoundconfidenceinmathematics.D.Jakedidn’treplytothenegativeremarksbecausehedidn’thearthem.26.WhatcanbestdescribeJakeaccordingtothepassage?A.Friendlyandpolite.B.Impoliteandcold.C.Dullandreserved.D.Smartandenthusiastic.27.WhatisFred’spurposeinwritingthisletter?ATonarratethestoryabouthisfriendshipwithJake.B.Tocallforotherstudents’helpwithaschoolproject.C.Tocriticisethediscriminationagainstcertainstudents.D.Todrawattentiontothepoorfacilitiesofthecampsite.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者在信介紹了新同學(xué)杰克的情況，并號召同學(xué)們加入學(xué)校的營地改造計劃來幫助他?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theideacametousintheautumnof2004whenourheadteachermadeanannouncementofanewstudentcomingfromacircus.Immediatelytherewaswhispering,‘Thosearedirtypeople!’;‘Theyeatrawmeat!’;‘Theywearrags!’(2004年秋天我們萌生了這個想法，那時我們的班主任宣布一個來自馬戲團(tuán)的新學(xué)生的到來。當(dāng)時教室里立刻響起了竊竊私語：“那些人是骯臟的人！”；“他們吃生肉！”；“他們穿破衣服！”)”可知，其他學(xué)生對杰克說不友好的話是因為杰克生活在馬戲團(tuán)。故選B項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hefinishedthemquicklyandproudlypresentedthemtotheteacher.‘Welldone,Jake,’sheapproved.‘Nowyoucangoandworkonournewdatabase.’Jakebeamedandwassoonbusysortingoutinformationandaddingmoreofhisown.(他很快就做完了，并自豪地把它們交給了老師?！案傻煤?，杰克?！彼澰S地說?！艾F(xiàn)在你可以去處理我們的新數(shù)據(jù)了?！苯芸诵α耍芸炀兔χ硇畔?，并補(bǔ)充了更多他自己的信息)”可推知，因為受到老師的鼓勵，對數(shù)學(xué)有了信心，所以杰克喜笑顏開。故選C項。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“SoIleanedoverandexplainedtheproblemstohim.Ashelistened,hismouthsplitintoadazzlingsmile.Hiseyeslitupasifalighthadbeenturnedonandhereturnedtotheexerciseswithenthusiasm.(于是我俯身向他解釋了問題所在。他聽著，嘴角綻開燦爛的笑容。他的眼睛亮了起來，好像開了一盞燈，他又熱情地繼續(xù)練習(xí))”可推知，杰克很快明白了我講的內(nèi)容，說明他很聰明(smart)；他聽懂后馬上繼續(xù)練習(xí)，說明充滿熱情(enthusiastic)。故選D項?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，結(jié)合書信第一段“Doyourememberweagreedtocirculateourideasforourschoolprojectthisyear?Well,hereisoursuggestionandwehopeyouwilljoinustodevelopit.(你還記得我們同意就今年的學(xué)校項目交流我們的想法嗎？好吧，這是我們的建議，我們希望你能加入我們來推動它)”和最后一段中“Thisyear,weinourschoolplantoimprovethecampsite.Hopeyouwilljoinus.(今年，我們學(xué)校計劃改進(jìn)營地。希望你能加入我們)”可推知，F(xiàn)red寫這封信的目的是號召其它同學(xué)加入學(xué)校的營地改進(jìn)計劃，并提供幫助。故選B項。CSearchengineshavechangedthewayweusetheInternet,puttingvastsourcesofinformationjustafewclicksaway.ButHarvardprofessorofpsychologyLineDanielWegner’srecentresearchprovesthatwebsitesandtheInternetarechangingthewayourmemoriesfunction.Hislateststudyshowsthatwhenpeoplehaveaccesstosearchengines,theyrememberfewerfactsandlessinformationbecausetheyknowtheycanrelyon“search”asareadilyavailableshortcut.WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememory(交互記憶)source,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.Youdon’thavetoremembereverythingintheworldyourself.Youjusthavetorememberwhoknowsit.Nowcomputersandtechnologyarebecomingvirtualextensionsofourmemory.Wegnerconductedseveralexperimentstodemonstratethephenomenon,usingvariousformsofmemoryrecalltotestrelianceoncomputers.Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.Wegneradmitsthatquestionsremainaboutwhetherdependenceoncomputerswillaffectmemoriesnegatively:“Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”Studentswhohavetroublerememberingdistinctfacts,forexample,maystruggletoemploythosefactsincriticalthinking.Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhand(機(jī)械手).Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”28.Whydoesthewritermention“ahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday”inParagraph2?A.Toshowthatpeoplewhoarecloselyrelatedtendtohavesharedmemories.B.Todemonstratehowpeopleinitiallydevelopedexternalsourcesofmemory.C.Toemphasizetheeffectivenessandaccuracyoftransactivememorysources.D.Toillustratetheconceptofatransactivememorysourceusingafamiliarsituation.29.Whatdopeopletendtodointheexperimentwhenaskedtoprovideunfamiliarfacts?A.Thinkofspecificinformationsources.B.Recallthemfromtheirdeepmemories.C.Typeintocomputerandrememberthem.D.Linktheunfamiliarfactstotheirexperiences.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Relianceoncomputersdoesnotnecessarilyreducehumanmemory.B.Computershavehelpedpeopletounderstandthememorysystembetter.C.Computerdependenceaffectsourthinkingcapacitiesinotherdistinctfields.D.Researchesshouldbedonetorevealthesideeffectofcomputerdependence.【答案】28.D29.A30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了計算機(jī)和技術(shù)正在重塑我們大腦的功能，并說明了研究開展的過程及意義?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“WegnerbelievesthenewfindingsshowthattheInternethasbecomepartofatransactivememory(交互記憶)source,amethodbywhichourbrainsdivideinformation.Transactivememoryexistsinmanyforms,aswhenahusbandreliesonhiswifetorememberarelative’sbirthday.(Wegner認(rèn)為，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為交互式記憶源的一部分，這是我們大腦劃分信息的一種方法。交互記憶有多種形式，比如丈夫依靠妻子記住親戚的生日)”推知，提到丈夫依靠妻子記住一個親戚生日的例子，是用一個熟悉的情況來說明交互記憶源的概念。故選D。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inoneexperiment,participantsdemonstratedthattheyweremorelikelytothinkofcomputertermslike“Yahoo”or“Google”afterbeingaskedasetofdifficulttriviaquestions.Inanotherexperiment,participantstypedsomestatementsintoacomputerandtheyweretoldthestatementswouldbesavedinspecificfolders.Next,theywereaskedtorecallthestatements.Finally,theyweregivencuestothewordingandaskedtonamethefolderswherethestatementswerestored.Theparticipantsprovedbetterabletorecallthefolderlocationsthanthestatementsthemselves.(在一項實驗中，參與者在被問及一系列復(fù)雜的瑣事問題后，他們更有可能想到“雅虎”或“谷歌”等計算機(jī)術(shù)語。在另一項實驗中，參與者在電腦中輸入一些語句，并被告知這些語句將被保存在特定的文件夾中。接下來，他們被要求回憶這些陳述。最后，研究人員給他們提示，并要求他們說出存放這些語句的文件夾名稱。事實證明，參與者能夠更好地回憶文件夾位置，而不是語句本身)”可知，從實驗中我們知道，當(dāng)被要求提供他們不熟悉的事實時，人們傾向于想到特定的信息源。故選A。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的““Nobodyknowsnowwhattheeffectsofthesetoolsareonlogicalthinking.”(現(xiàn)在沒有人知道這些工具對邏輯思維的影響)”以及“Buthebelievesthatthesituationoverallisbeneficial,comparingdependenceoncomputerstodependenceonamechanicalhand(機(jī)械手).(但他認(rèn)為，將對電腦的依賴與對機(jī)械手的依賴進(jìn)行比較，總體而言情況是有益的)”和最后一段中“Andeventhoughwemaynotbeusingourmemoriestorecalldistinctfacts,wearestillusingthemtoconsiderwherethefactsarelocatedandhowtoaccessthem.“Westillhavetorememberthings,”Wegnerexplains.“We’rejustrememberingadifferentrangeofthings.”(盡管我們可能沒有用記憶來回憶不同的事實，但我們?nèi)匀辉谟盟鼈儊砜紤]事實的位置以及如何獲取它們?！拔覀?nèi)匀恍枰涀∫恍┦虑?，”韋格納解釋道?！拔覀冎皇怯涀×艘幌盗胁煌氖虑??！?”可推知，對計算機(jī)的依賴并不一定會減少人類的記憶。故選A。DThereisaphotoinmycollectionthatIpulloutfromtimetotimetoremindmyselfofanoldvacation.It’sapictureofmefromthelate1970sonabenchinLondon’sVictoriaStation,myheadrestingagainstawall,eyesclosedwithtiredness,clothesmessedup.Iusedtolovethatshot.Itwasevidenceofmyleisuretime,oftravel,ofinterruptionfromtheoffice:milescovered,sightsseen,trainstationsracedthrough,goalsachieved.However,asIleaveworktohitthevacationtrailthissummer,Itakealongsomethingextra.Thistravelingcompanionhasahabitofruiningtripswithfeelingsofguilt—theguiltthatcomesfromattemptingtovacationwhilethinkingofthejob.Theconflictbetweenthetimewewantoffandtheguiltwefeelwhenweactuallygiveintoleisureisalong-runningbattlethathasgonetoofar,drivenbyanover-schedulingcraze.Ithasmademanyfeelasiftheirfreemomentsareaformoftruancy(玩忽職守).It’shardtotakeiteasywhenyou’vebeenprogrammednotto.Wehavebeentaughtforgenerationsthatworkistheonlygoal.Timethatisunfilledisevil,weareledtobelieve,andunplannedenjoymentshouldbeavoided.Thisisreinforcedtodaybyaworkplaceculturethatwantsyoutobelievethatadvancementdependsonyourstayingonthejob.Researchnowshows,however,thatleisuretimecandosomethingjobadvancementandmoneycan’t.Leisureactivitiesincreaseyourdesiretoworkleadershipskills,yoursenseofawarenessandyourabilitytochange.Freetimealsopromotesapositivemoodandsenseofwell-being,becauseitdevelopsself-worth.Deepdown,everyoneknowsweneedtimeofftomakeourlivesbetter.Onholiday,usingyourproductiveoutputasameasureofyourselfdoesn’twork.Thisisbecauseavacationisn’taboutoutput;it’saboutinput—exploring,learning,reflecting.Themagicofaholidayisintheexperienceitself.Thisisthesameaslifesatisfaction;itcan’tbemeasured,onlyfelt.Thebestpartofavacationisn’tgoingsomewhereelse;it’sbeingwhereyouare,fullyinvolvedintheexperience.31.Theauthormentionsthephotoatthebeginningbecause____.A.itshowshowexhaustingleisuretravelcanbeB.itbringsbackgoodmemoriesofaleisurelytourC.itshowsthewriteronceconsideredleisuretravelasagoalinitselfD.itprovesinterruptionsfromtheofficedonotspoiltheenjoymentoftravel32.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thistravelingcompanion”inParagraph3referto?A.Enjoyingleisuretime.B.Thinkingofone’sgoals.C.Interruptionsfromtheoffice.D.Thefeelingofguiltfornotworking.33Whatisoneofthemainbenefitsofleisuretimeaccordingtothearticle?A.Itimprovesyourproductivity.B.Itisgoodforpersonaldevelopment.C.Itleadsdirectlytojobadvancement.D.Ithelpsyouseeyourgoalsinlifemoreclearly.34.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldwedowhileonvacation?A.Avoidmuchunplannedenjoyment.B.Ignorejobadvancementandmoney.C.Judgethevacationbyproductiveoutput.D.Enjoytheexperienceofbeingonvacation.【答案】31.B32.D33.B34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了作者對于休閑旅行的看法，指出休閑時間對個人發(fā)展有好處，度假主要是關(guān)于輸入——探索、學(xué)習(xí)、反思，度假的魅力就在于體驗本身?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itwasevidenceofmyleisuretime,oftravel,ofinterruptionfromtheoffice:milescovered,sightsseen,trainstationsracedthrough,goalsachieved.(這是我閑暇時間、旅行時間和被辦公室打斷的證據(jù)：走了幾英里路，看過風(fēng)景，匆匆走過火車站，實現(xiàn)了目標(biāo))”結(jié)合下文講述現(xiàn)在人們旅行的狀態(tài)推知，作者在第一段提到那張照片，是因為這讓他想起了休閑旅行。故選B?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thistravelingcompanionhasahabitofruiningtripswithfeelingsofguilt—theguiltthatcomesfromattemptingtovacationwhilethinkingofthejob.(這位旅伴有一個習(xí)慣，就是帶著內(nèi)疚感破壞旅行——這種內(nèi)疚感來自于在考慮工作的同時試圖度假)”和第四段的“Theconflictbetweenthetimewewantoffandtheguiltwefeelwhenweactuallygiveintoleisureisalong-runningbattlethathasgonetoofar,drivenbyanover-schedulingcraze.Ithasmademanyfeelasiftheirfreemomentsareaformoftruancy(玩忽職守).(我們想要休息的時間和我們實際上屈服于休閑時的內(nèi)疚感之間的沖突是一場曠日持久的戰(zhàn)斗，在過度安排日程的狂熱推動下，這場戰(zhàn)斗已經(jīng)走得太遠(yuǎn)了。這讓許多人覺得他們的空閑時間似乎是玩忽職守)”可知，“Thistravelingcompanion”指的是“去旅行而不工作的內(nèi)疚感”。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Leisureactivitiesincreaseyourdesiretoworkleadershipskills,yoursenseofawarenessandyourabilitytochange.Freetimealsopromotesapositivemoodandsenseofwell-being,becauseitdevelopsself-worth.(休閑活動會增加你工作的欲望；你的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能，你的意識和你的改變能力?？臻e時間也能促進(jìn)積極的情緒和幸福感，因為它能發(fā)展自我價值)”可知，休閑時間對個人發(fā)展有好處。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Themagicofaholidayisintheexperienceitself.(度假的魅力就在于體驗本身)”以及最后一段“Thebestpartofavacationisn’tgoingsomewhereelse;it’sbeingwhereyouare,fullyinvolvedintheexperience.(度假最好的部分不是去別的地方；而是置身其中，全身心地投入到體驗中)”可知，作者建議人們度假時享受旅行的體驗。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoDoaProperSocialMediaDetoxDespitetheinvolvementofdopamine(多巴胺),socialmediaaddictionisapsychologicaladdiction.Youneedtostoprewardingyourcurrentdopaminetriggerssothatyourbraincanreturntonormal.___35___Plus,you’remorelikelytocontinuouslygobackintoaddictionwithlittlehits.Herearethesimplestepstoatruesocialmediadetox:●Deactivateyouraccounts.___36___Anditwillalsosignaltoyourfriendsthatyou’reonadetox.ItiseasytofindouthowtodeactivateFacebook,Instagram,andLinkedIn.●Uninstallallsocialmediaapps.Thiswilleliminateallofthosenotificationsandalertsthatp