運(yùn)籌帷幄微軟程序經(jīng)理培訓(xùn)教材

PROGRAMMANAGEMENT

INMICROSOFTJeffXiongMicrosoftCorporation?AllrightsreservedbyJeffXiong第一頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。WhoIAmProgramManageratMicrosoft:2002MSN82001MSNSearch2000WindowsMe1999Windows20001997InternetExplorer4.0,5.01996JavaVM,InternetExplorer3.0StaffProgrammeratIBM:1995InfoSage,IBMInternetDivisioninNY第二頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。AgendaPMIntroductionPMRoleinProjectLifecyclesPMStrategies第三頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。1.ProgramManager

Introduction第四頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。What’sProgramManager?

OneofthreemajorjobdisciplinesinMSsoftwareproductgroup.Completeresponsibilityfordeliveringtherightproductstotherightcustomerswithhighqualityandontime.DirectextensionofGeneralManagement.Alltheresponsibilitybutnoauthority.第五頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。ProductUnitReportStructureProductUnitManagerGroupPMDevManagerTestManagerPMLeadPMDevLeadDevTestLeadTester第六頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。ProjectTeamWorkingStructureDeveloperLeadDeveloperDeveloperDeveloperDeveloperTesterLeadTesterTesterTesterTesterProductManagerProgramManagerUserEducationUsabilityEngineerDesigner第七頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。HistoryofProgramManagerJabeBlumenthal–Multiplan,1984,SupportedbyBillG,andformalizedToday:~5000PMs(~50,000employees)UniquejobdescriptionatMicrosoftintheSoftwareIndustry.Fuzzyrequirements:NodegreesinPMPMdoesn’twritecode!第八頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。SoftwareProduct≠CodeMarketingandbusinessmodelProductdesignandspecificationMilestones,schedulesStatusmeetings,bugtrackingTestingeffortInternationalizationandLocalizationUserdocumentation,educationandtrainingProductsupport第九頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。WhydoweneedPMSoftwareprojectsgetmuchlargerTeamsneedaleaderthathasbreadthandvision,determinedtodriveproductfromideatodeliveryDevelopersandtestersneedbuffertofocusoncodingandtesting.Differentgroupsofpeopleneedtocommunicateeffectively第十頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。

ProgramManagerTo-Do'sSolelyresponsiblefortheshippingoftheproduct.

Havetheproduct’svision,writeprojectspecification.Driveworkitemlist,keeptrackbasedonspecs.Organizemeetingsandtriagebugs.Keeptrackoftheprojectschedule.Guidetheprojectdevelopmentprocess.Decideallimplementationtrade-offs.Coordinateandcommunicatewithallgroupsofpeople.PMisaleader,facilitator,andcoordinator.第十一頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。ProjectManagervs.ProgramManagerOnepersonvs.agroupofpeopleManagepeoplevs.manageprojectGivenauthorityvs.earnedauthorityWriteprojectplanvs.writedesignspec第十二頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。2.ProgramManagerRolesinProjectLifecycles第十三頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。ProjectProcessLifecyclePlanningphaseDevelopmentphaseStabilizationphaseReleasephasePostmortemStartnextversioncycle.第十四頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMinPlanningPhasePrepareprojectplandraft(visionstatement,highlevelfeatures,proposedscheduleandmilestone,resourceestimate).Brainstormwithteammembersandfinalizefeatureset.Writeonespec(prioritizedfeaturesets,resourceestimates,scheduleestimates,riskestimates)Writedetaileddesignspecifications.第十五頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMinDevelopmentPhaseReviewdevelopers’technicalimplementationdesign,testingplanandtestcases.Hostmeetingtogothroughallworkitems,assigntasksandfinalizeschedules.Defineandenforceprocessesforbuild,check-in,andbugtriage.Setupteammeetingschedule,drivemeetingsandtrackworkingitemsMaintainteamwebsiteandteamalias第十六頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMinStabilizationPhaseTriagedailytomonitorandassignbugspromptly.DriveCodeCompleteandUIfreezedates.Makefeatureandtradeoffdecisions,enforceDCR(DesignChangeRequest)process.CommunicatetoUE,Localization,Legal.Manageinternalandexternalbetareleases第十七頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMinReleasePhaseDriveZeroBugDateandReleaseCandidates.ConductWarmeetingtoreviewbugseveryday.Decideonshowstopperissues.Pushtestingtorunfinaltestingpassandsignoff.Signoffandsendannouncement.Hostashipparty!第十八頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMinPostmortemOrganizepostmortemprojectteammeetingPreparedocumentstoretractgoodandbadthingshappenedintheprojectlifecycle.Decideonfutureimprovementareas.Listactionitemsforeachteamorperson,followupthroughnextreleasecycle.第十九頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。3.ProgramManagerStrategies第二十頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMCoreCompetences-IQCodingskillsArchitecturaldesignUser-studytechniquesUserinterfacedesignAPIandSchemaInterfacedesignCommunicationskills,writtenandoral,formalandinformalPresentationskillsFinancialacumenKnowledgeofbasicbusiness,contract,patent,andcopyrightlawMarketresearchtechniquesKnowledgeofcompetitorsCanlearnanduseanysoftwareinnotimeflat第二十一頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMCoreCompetences-EQRawIntelligenceLeadershipSelf-awarenessContractandbusinessnegotiationUserEmpathySensitivitytoConfidentialinformationInterpersonalskillsScheduleandProjectManagementTimeManagementOrganizationalskillsTeamdynamicsGrouppsychologyAbilitytomanageotherdisciplinesRecruiting,interviewing,andhiring第二十二頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。WhocanbeProgramManagerPassionateaboutproducingsoftwareproduct,whocanleadandfeelsownership.HaveastronginterestindesignissuesandissharpinunderstandingtechnicalissuesHaveakeensenseoftimingandschedule,abletotrackandprioritizecomplicatedtasksAlwaysfindwaystowalkaroundaproblembyhimselformakingotherpeoplehelp.Abletomakeadecisionquicklyandconfidently,willingtomaketrade-offs.第二十三頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PM’sCoreMindsetsCommunication,LeadershipandRelationshipCommunicationRelationshipLeadership第二十四頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PMCommunicationMethodsEmailsStatusreportsSpecreviewsMeetingschedulesandminutesCheck-inemailbugreportGeneralQ&AMeetingsBugtriageTeammeetingSpecreviewWarmeetingPresentationTeamwebsitesDirectcontacts

第二十五頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。CommunicationStrategies:EmailsUseit!Beresponsive,replyquestionsofconcernswiftly.Beinclusive,emailshouldreacheveryonethatofinterestKeepyourteamwellinformed,nosurprisesspecdrafts,keychangesthingsthatmighteffectpeople’splansActionitemexpectationsforrecipientsDocumentmeetingconclusionsandimportantconversations第二十六頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。CommunicationStrategies:MeetingsBeexclusive,onlyincludepeoplewhoarenecessarySetupcleargoalsandagendasbeforehandListenwithdeep,genuineattention.TuneintobothwordssaidandemotionsunderneathGuideimpulsivefeelingstowarddeeperinquiryanddialogue.Gettotheheartoftheproblem,spotandstopdeviationsalongthewayUseentrainmenttocontrolheateddiscussionsWritemeetingminutestorecapprogressandexpectations第二十七頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PM’sLeadershipAspectsSolelyresponsiblefortheshippingoftheproductHaveproduct’svision,inspirecommitmentinteammembersMakedecisionsonfeaturesandtrade-offsScheduleanddriveteammeetingsPrioritize

tasks,assignworkitemsandsetexpectationsDecidemilestonesanddriveschedulesPrepareandavoiddisaster第二十八頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。LeadershipStrategies:EarnedpowerInspireteamwithvision,passionandcommitmentEarnrespectbylisteningtoteammembersandmakingsounddecisionsEarntrustnotnecessarilybytellingpeoplewhattodo,butbyconvincingpeoplethroughreasonBedependableandaccountableintoughsituations第二十九頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。LeadershipStrategies:

MakingDecisionsYouownprojectonlymeansyouareresponsible,don’t

expecteverythingyourwayVotingisnotdeciding,it’sabsolvingyourselfofmanagementresponsibilityGooddecisionsleavemanyunhappy.Tips:Havecourage:knowwhentobealeaderKeepmindopenfordebates,gatherallrelatedfactsApplybestjudgmentWorkforsupportofkeyplayersWorkforroughconsensusPersuadeormanageeveryoneelse第三十頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。LeadershipStrategies:

PushingReleaseCommityourselffirst,thenexpectteamcommitmentFacilitateneedsandclearingroadblocksSetdetailedgoalsandexpectations,negotiatebeforehandanddemandresultsPushforfeaturestofinish,notgrindtheperson.AttitudeiskeyDemandbestfromteam,butstandforteamagainstunrealisticrequests第三十一頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。LeadershipStrategies:

AvoidingDisasterAdmitthatdisasterispossibleSetexpectationsaroundriskpropositionsClarifydependencies&risksPreciselydefineapproachandgoalsClearlyseparatedisasterfromsuccessPlantoreviewPlanforlookoutsWhatareourmeasurements?Howarewedoing?Whatarethecurrentrisks?Howarewemanagingthem?Whoisresponsibleforreviewingriskstatus?第三十二頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。PM’srelationshipnetworkWorkwithallkindsofpeopleDevelopers,testers,productmanager,marketingmanager,usereducationdepartment,webdesigner,usabilityengineer,customer,etcCoordinatewiderangeofpeopletomakeprojectwork第三十三頁(yè)，共三十八頁(yè)。RelationshipStrategies:

WorkingwithDevelopmentBeatechnicalexpert,youcan’tdogooddesignwithouttechnicalknowledgeTalktodevelopmentintheirownlanguage.Applyinsighttotechnicaldetails,makesoundjudgmentwhendevelopmentconflictswithbusinessneedsKnoweachmemberthoroughly,fromtechnicalexpertise,characterstopotentials,andw