2020-2021學年上海市奉賢區(qū)高二（下）期末英語試卷

第1頁（共1頁）2020-2021學年上海市奉賢區(qū)高二（下）期末英語試卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections：InSectionA，youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．A.Onlytheman.B.Onlythewoman.C.Boththemanandthewoman.D.Neitherthemannorthewoman.2．A.Thesameprice.B.Differentprices.C.Thesamecolor.D.Thesamesize.3．A.Christinahasgonehome.B.Christinafeelsathomethere.C.She'sknownChristinaalongtime.D.ShejustmetChristina.4．A.20.B.25.C.18.D.36.5．A.It'ssnowy.B.It'scloudy.C.It'shot.D.It'sfine.6．A.Thecinema.B.Theartcenter.C.Thedinninghall.D.Thetheatre.7．A.Itwasn'topenonSundays.B.Itsopeninghadbeenpostponed.C.ItwasgoingtoclosebeforeSunday.D.Itdidn'tdeservethepraiseitreceived.8．A.Thegalleryisagoodplacefortheexhibition.B.Preparingfortheexhibitionwon'tbeeasy.C.Themanisn'ttellingthetruthabouttheoffer.D.Themanismakingabaddecision.9．A.Spendingmoretimeonsightseeing.B.Visitingthecitywithagroup.C.Touringthecityonafineday.D.Takingthemanwithheronthetour.10．A.Theairwillbecleaneriftheygotoanothercity.B.It'llsoonbetoolatetocontrolthepollution.C.Societywillnotpayattentiontothenewlaws.D.Thesituationwillimproveifchangesaremade.SectionBDirections：InSectionB，youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation，youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.11．（1）A.Apoliceman.B.Afireman.C.Adoctor.D.Abusinessman.（2）A.Turnontheradio.B.Getupearly.C.CallJohnrightaway.D.Watchthelivenews.（3）A.Joewantedtobecomeamillionaire.B.BothJohnandJoediedonSept.11.C.Thefatherdiedofstomachcancereventually.D.Johnwantedtobeafirefighterbecauseofayounglady.12．（1）A.Thenumberoffishincreasesgreatly.B.Thereefs（礁）don'tmakeanywarningsounds.C.ThelevelofCO2inseawaterincreases.D.Variouskindsofsealifeareattractedtothereefs.（2）A.Bythesoundsothersealifemakes.B.Bythesmellsotherfishleave.C.Bythelightsotherfishgiveoff.D.Bythewavesothersealifesends.（3）A.Theywillavoidswimmingnearreefs.B.Theyaresurroundedbyenemies.C.Theycan'tfindtheirwayhome.D.Theycan'tactwiselyforweakenedsenses.13．（1）A.Shehasrecentlydoneherhairandlooksfantastic.B.Shewasrecommendedasacandidateforanaward.C.She'soccupiedinissuingawardstotheprizewinners.D.Shewasproudofherrecentchangeinherpublicimage.（2）A.Becausehedidn'treceivepositivereviews.B.Becauseheknewthewomanwasbeingpolite.C.Becausehispreviousnovelwasmuchbetter.D.Becausehisworkwasmorehumorousthangreat.（3）A.Johnwasanattractiveman.B.Johnwasdevotedtohisbusiness.C.Johnwasgoodatcatchingthieves.D.Johnenjoyedsharinghisweddingphotos.（4）A.Therobberwasarmedwithaknife.B.Therobberyoccurredatthehairdresser's.C.Themanhelpedcatchtherobberbycoincidence.D.Themanwasinaparkwhentherobberyhappened.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow，fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.14．FlyingHighBarringtonIrvingmadehishistoricflightandfoundedaneducationalnon﹣profit﹣makingorganization.Hismessageforkids："Theonlything（1）separatesyoufromscientistsisdetermination，hardworkandastronglikingforwhatyouwanttoachieve."Thesecret，hebelieves，ishavingadreaminthefirstplace，andthatstartswithlearningexperiencesthatinspirekidstobuildcareers.ThemomentofinspirationforIrvingcameattheageof15inhisparents'bookstore.Onecustomer，aprofessionalpilot，askedIrving（2）he'dthoughtaboutbecomingapilot."ItoldhimIdidn'tthinkIwassmartenough；butthenextdayhetookmetothecockpit（駕駛艙）ofthecommercialairplaneheflew，andthenI（3）（hook）."（4）（follow）hisdream，IrvingturneddownafootballscholarshiptotheUniversityofFlorida.Hewashedairplanestoearnmoneyforaflightschoolandincreasedhisflyingskillsbypractisingathomeona﹩40flightsimulator（模擬）videogame.Thenanotherdreamtookhold：flyingalonearoundtheworld.Hefacedmorethan50rejectionsforsponsorship（5）convincingsomecompaniestodonateaircraftcomponents.Hetookoffwithnoweatherradar，node﹣icingsystem，andjust﹩30inhispocket."IliketodothingspeoplesayIcan'tdo."After97days，26stopsanddozensofthunderstorms，hetoucheddownto（6）cheeringcrowdinMiami."Itwasseeingsomanyyoungpeoplewatchingandlistening（7）pushedmeintogivingbackwithmyknowledgeandexperience."Irvinghasbeendoingiteversince.Hesetuphisnon﹣profit﹣makingorganization，ExperienceAviation（航空），（8）（mean）toincreasethenumberofyouthinaviationandscience﹣relatedcareers.Kidsattendprogrammesdealingwithhands﹣onroboticsprojectsandflightsimulatorchallenges."Wewanttocreatechancesforstudents（9）theycanaccomplishsomethingamazing，"henotes.PerhapsIrving's（10）（powerful）educationaltoolistheexamplehisownlifeprovides.Afterlandinghisrecord﹣breakingflightatage23，hesaid."EveryonetoldmeIwastooyoung，thatIdidn'thaveenoughexperience，strength，orknowledge.TheytoldmeitwouldtakeforeverandI'dnevercomehome.Well..guesswhat？"SectionBDirections：Fillineachblankswithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．A.riseB.decisionsC.worthD.promotingE.power.FshiftedG.reliantH.promisedI.surveyingJ.postK.connectInarecentNewYorkercartoon，ahotelclerksaystotwocustomers，"Ifthere'sanythingwecandotomakeyourstaymorepleasant，justboastingaboutitallovertheinternet."Itisahumoroussatire（諷刺）onthepopularviewthatonlineconsumershaveconsiderable（1）.Afewstrongwordsonanonlinereviewsitecanmakeabusinesschangeitsoperationmodeorgobankrupt.And，infact，onlinereviewsiteshavevastlychangedthewaypeoplemakeconsumer（2）.ReviewsitessuchasYelp，AmazonandTripAdvisorofferawiderangeofopinions.Bycombiningthemtogether，consumerscanknowmoreabouttherealqualityand（3）ofaproductorservice.Whenreviewsitesstartedappearing，they（4）opportunitiestobothbusinessesandshoppers.Areviewsiteallowedsmallbusinessesto（5）withmillionsofindividuals.Onestudyfoundthataone﹣star（6）inYelpratingsledtoafivetoninepercentincreaseinrevenue（收益）.Forconsumers，too，thereviewsitesofferednewopportunities.Asmoreshoppinghas（7）onlinefrombrick﹣and﹣mortarstores，consumershavebecomemore（8）onthefeedbackofothercustomerstomaketheirpurchasingdecisions.Andtherearereviewsitesfornearlyeverythingthesedays﹣fromtravelaccommodationstobargainshopping.Butatthesametime，thedrawbacksarebecomingexposed.Foronething，thereviewscanturnasimplepurchaseintoaresearchproject.Buyingsomethingasbasicasawaterbottleonlinenowinvolves（9）adozenbrands.Onlyasmallpercentageofcustomersactually（10）productreviewsonline.Ina2014study，MIT'sresearchersfoundthatoneinevery15reviewsofanitemisinfactwrittenbypeoplewhohaven'tpurchasedit.Theproblemisthattheother985customersrelyonthereviewswrittenbyeveryoneofthese15people.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，BCandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．ItdidtakemequiteawhiletostartnoticingDr.YuvalNoahHarari'swell﹣receivedbook：Sapiens：ABriefHistoryofHumankind（人類簡史）.IboughtthebookafterIheardafamoushostmentionitonhispodcast（播客），andtobefrank，Ireadthefirstchapterwithlittle（1），butitturnedouttobethebestbookIhaveeverread.WhileIwasimmediately（2），thebookkeptevolvingasIreadit.Thebookbeganwithabriefintroductionofthelivesandactivitiesoftheearliestproto﹣humans（原始人）Neanderthals（尼安德特人），Homoerectus（直立人）andearlyHomoSapiens（智人）﹣andthen（3）anexaminationofwhyitwastheHomosapiens，afterhundredsofthousandsofyearsofsurvivingbutprettymuchexistinginthemiddleofthefoodchain，that（4）rocketedtothetopofitwithoutanysignificantgeneticchanges，conqueredmultipleclimates，andeventuallydomesticatedtheworldaroundthem，fromfarmanimalstocrops.AndHarariincludesaninterestingbutfairly（5）argumentaboutthetruenatureofourrelationshiptoourmostnecessarycrop﹣wheat.Thinkforamomentaboutthe（6）Revolutionfromtheviewpointofwheat.Tenthousandyearsagowheatwasjustawildgrass，oneofmany，confinedtoasmallrangeintheMiddleEast.Allofasudden，withinjustafewshortmillennia，itwasgrowingeverywhere.Sohowdidthisgrassturnfrominsignificanttoubiquitous（到處存在的）？Wheatdiditbymanipulating（操縱）Homosapienstoitsadvantage.Thisapehadbeenlivingafairlycomfortablelife（7）andgatheringuntilabout10，000yearsago，butthenbeganto（8）moreandmoreeffortincultivatingwheat.Then，humansinmanypartsoftheworldweredoinglittlefromdawntodusk（9）takingcareofwheatplants.However，thebodyofHomosapienshadnotevolvedforcultivatingwheat.Thereforehumanspines，kneesandneckspaidtheprice.Moreover，thenewagriculturaltasksdemandedsomuchtimethatpeoplewereforcedtosettle（10）nexttotheirwheatfields.Thiscompletelychangedtheirwayoflife.Wedidnot（11）wheat.It'stheotherwayaround.Oneofthemostimportantandsustainedideasrunningthroughthebookisthatwhatultimately（12）Homosapiensfromallothercreatures﹣othermammalsotherapes，andevenother"humans"likeNeanderthals–wasnotouropposablethumbsorsomeother（13）features.butinsteaditwasourabilitytogenerate，believeinandactuponwhatYuvalNoahHararicalls"myths"or"（14）"，particularlyonalargescaleandcollectivebasis，whicheventuallytransformedusfromcreaturesthatlivedinsmall，loosely﹣organizedgroups（thetypicalfeatureofmostapes）toourmodernstatus.Sapiens：ABriefHistoryofHumankindisafascinating，ambitiousanddifficult﹣to﹣summarizebookthatisalsojusthighly（15）.Soasseniorhighschoolstudents，youwon'texperiencetoomuchdifficultyfollowingtheauthor'strainofthoughts.AndIstronglyrecommendyoutoburyyourselfinthiswell﹣writtenbook.（1）A.attentionB.evaluationC.illustrationD.expectation（2）A.fascinatedB.confusedC.distractedD.uninterested（3）A.turnedtoB.gaveawayC.preparedforD.wentafter（4）A.naturallyB.randomlyC.suddenlyD.hardly（5）A.annoyingB.touchingC.embarrassingD.depressing（6）A.IndustrialB.AgriculturalC.CulturalD.Political（7）A.plantingB.huntingC.tradingD.wondering（8）A.spareB.resistC.investD.demand（9）A.regardlessofB.contrarytoC.togetherwithD.otherthan（10）A.permanentlyB.delightfullyC.temporarilyD.instantly（11）A.consumeB.growC.domesticateD.harvest（12）A.distinguishedB.disqualifiedC.discouragedD.dissatisfied（13）A.intellectualB.physicalC.psychologicalD.moral（14）A.poemsB.reportsC.documentsD.fictions（15）A.complexB.overratedC.readableD.appreciatedSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.17．WhenIwasapuppy，Ientertainedyouandmadeyoulaugh.Youcalledmeyourchild，anddespiteanumberofchewedshoesandacoupleofmurderedpillows，Ibecameyourbestfriend.WheneverIwas"bad"，you'dshakeyourfingeratmeandask"Howcouldyou？"﹣butthenyourolledmeoverforabelly（腹部）rub.Irememberthosenightsofrubbingyouinbedandlisteningtoyoursecretdreams，andIbelievedthatlifecouldnotbeanymoreperfect.Gradually，youbeganspendingmoretimeatworkandonyourcareer，andmoretimesearchingforahumanmate.She，nowyourwife，isnota"dogperson"﹣stillIwelcomedherintoourhome，triedtoshowheraffection，andobeyedher.Iwashappybecauseyouwerehappy.ThenthehumanbabiescamealongandIsharedyourexcitement.Iwasfascinatedbythepinkness，howtheysmelled，andIwantedtomotherthem，too.OnlysheandyouworriedthatImighthurtthem，andIspentmostofmytimeinanotherroom.Therehadbeenatime，whenothersaskedyouifyouhadadog，thatyouproducedaphotoofmefromyourwalletandtoldthemstoriesaboutme.Thesepastfewyears，youjustanswered"yes"andchangedthesubject.Ihadgonefrombeing"yourdog"to"justadog".Now，youhaveanewcareeropportunityinanothercity，andyouandtheywillbemovingtoanotherapartmentthatdoesnotallowpets.You'vemadetherightdecisionforyour"family"，buttherewasatimewhenIwasyouronlyfamily.Peopleintheanimalshelterareattentivetome，butIlostmyappetite.Atfirstwheneveranyonepassed，IrushedtothefronthopingitwasyouthatthiswasallabaddreamorIhopeditwouldatleastbesomeonewhocaredanyonewhomightsaveme.（1）Howdidtheauthortreatthepuppywhenitwasatayoungerage？A.Heentertainedthepuppywithjokesandgestures.B.Hetreatedthepuppyasifitwereafamilymember.C.Hedisciplinedthepuppywhenitmadeamess.D.Hekeptthepuppyatadistanceforthechewedshoes.（2）Whywasthepuppyexcludedfromtheroomafterthebabieswereborn？A.Thepuppywastemptedbythebabies'pinknessandsweetsmell.B.Thepuppyposesaseriousdangertothehealthandwell﹣beingofbabies.C.Thecouplewereconcernedthatthebabieswouldbeindanger.D.Themasterenviedthenaturalaffectionbetweenthebabiesandthepuppy.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelast3paragraphs？A.Itwashardforthepuppytoacceptthefactthatitwasignored.B.Themasterhadamixedfeelingfortheadvancementincareer.C.Thepuppyfeltrelievedforthemaster'sestablishmentofanewfamily.D.Itwasurgentforthemastertogiveupthepuppyandmovetoanothercity.（4）Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A.AGoodHearttoLeanonB.NewMemberoftheFamilyC.TheWordsofanAbandonedDogD.AnimalShelter：TheLastHomeforPuppies18．PublicNoticeofSleepNoMore，Shanghai1.WhatprotectivemeasuresatSleepNoMorehavebeenputinplace？Theshowareawillbecleanedwithdisinfectantthreetimesaday，includingbeforeandaftereachperformance.Thenumberofaudiencesforeachperformancewillnotexceed75%ormaximumcapacity.Allaudienceandstaffmembersarerequiredtowearfacemasksintheshowarea.Toleavesufficienttimefordisinfection，thestarttimeformatinee（日場）performanceonweekendshasbeenadjustedto14：00.2.WhatdoIneedtopreparebeforetheshow？Arethereanyadjustmentstotheshow？PleaseapplyfortheShanghaiHealthCodeandcheckthatit'sgreeninadvance.Beforeentry，thebodytemperatureofallaudiencemembersmustbetaken.Audiencememberswillnotbeadmittedunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances：?don'twearyourfacemask；?yourShanghaiHealthCodeisinvalidornotinagreenstatus；?yourbodytemperatureisabove37.3℃；?anyothersymptomofCOVID﹣19isobserved.TheMcKinnonHotel'scustomizedfacemaskswillbeonsaleforaudience.3.IstheSleepNoMorecompanymonitoringthehealthstatusofitsperformersaswellasstaffmembers？AllChineseandinternationalperformersaswellasstaffmembersofSleepNoMorehavebeenquarantinedfor14dayswithnosymptoms.Bodytemperaturesaretakenandrecordeddaily.Anymemberofthecompanywillbeputinself﹣quarantineiftheyreportanysymptomsandsenttohospitalifnecessary.4.Afterbookingonline，canIcollectmypaperticketbeforehand？Tominimizerisk，itisnowpossibletocollectpaperticketsbeforethedateofshowattheboxoffice.PleasecollectyourticketsattheSleepNoMoreboxofficeuptotwoweeksinadvance.Audiencememberswillbeadmittedviatheirpapertickets.Kindreminder：pleasekeepyourpaperticketsafeasitwillnotbereplacediflost.Theboxofficewillbeopenfrom10：30to17：00，sevendaysaweek.5.Afterbooking，canIgetarefundformyticketorexchangeitforanotherdate？Ifthebookedperformanceiscanceledduetoforcemajeure，ticketrefundsorexchangeswillbeavailable.Otherwise，ticketexchangeisonlyavailableunderanyofthefollowingcircumstances：TheaudiencemembercannotcometoshowduetoCOVID﹣19.Theaudiencemember'sbodytemperatureisabove37.3°CandcannotbeadmittedtoSleepNoMore.（1）Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinprotectivemeasures？A.Theshowareamustbethoroughlydisinfected.B.Theaudiencenumberislimited.C.Alltheaudiencemustwearfacemasks.D.Publicrestroomsareforbidden.（2）Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingistrue？A.Audiencecanentertheshowareaatnoononweekends.B.Audiencecanexchangee﹣ticketsforpaperticketsupto14daysinadvance.C.IfaudienceholdtheShanghaiHealthCode，theydon'tneedtotakebodytemperature.D.Internationalperformershavebeenquarantinedfor14daysbeforeenteringChina.（3）Whichofthefollowingsituationallowsaudiencetokeeptheticketvalid？A.Audiencemeetwithforcemajeure.B.AudiencelosethepaperticketsC.AudienceareinfectedwithCOVID﹣19afterbookingthetickets.D.Audiencehaveclosecontactwithperformersoftheshow.19．Artificialintelligencehaspassedaclassictheoryofmindtestusedwithchimpanzees.ThetestexaminestheabilitytoperceivetheworldfromthepointofviewofanotherindividualandsoAIswiththisskillcouldbebetteratcooperatingandcommunicatingwithhumansandeachother.TocreatetheirAI，RaulVicenteattheUniversityofTartuinEstoniaandhiscolleagueswereinspiredbyananimalstudythatlookedatthefeedinghabitsofdominantandsubordinatechimpanzees."Chimpanzeeshavethesehierarchical（等級制的）structuresintheirsocietyand，inprinciple，thedominantonealmostalwaysgetsthefood，"saysVicente.Thechimpstudyshowedthatthesubordinate（下屬的）animalwouldonlygoforfoodthatitknewthedominantanimalcouldn'tsee，suggestinganabilitytoplaceitselfinanother'sposition.Toreplicatethisset﹣up，Vicenteandhiscolleaguescreatedavirtual11﹣by﹣11GridinwhichtheyplacedtwoAIs﹣onedominantandonesubordinate–andasinglepieceoffoodindifferentorientationsandlocations.ThesubordinateAIwasabletomovewithinthegrid，andwasgivenpointsifitatefoodthatthedominantagentcouldn'tsee，butlostpointsifitatefoodinthedominantagent'ssight.Itlearnedviatrialanderror，inaprocesscalledreinforcementlearning，whetherornottomovetowardsthefood.AkeydifferencebetweenapesandtheAIisthattheAIrequiredseveralthousandtrialsbeforeitlearnedthetask，whilechimpanzeesunderstooditintuitively.Beingabletounderstandtheperspectiveofotherindividualsenablescommunication，cooperationandcompetition，saysVicente."Itisabsolutelyessentialforsurvivalforanysocialspecies."AIswiththeoryofmindarekeytobuildingmachinesthatcanunderstandtheworldaroundthem.Inrecentyears，theskillhasbeendevelopedinarobotwhosememoriesaremodelledonhumanbrainsandinDeepMind'sToM﹣net，whichunderstandsthatotherscanhavefalsebeliefs.Theultimategoalofthiskindofresearchisformachinestobecomebetteratcommunicatingwithpeople，butitwillbealongtimebeforeAIsdeveloptheoryofmindatalevelcomparabletohumans，saysVicente."Itwillbefunandeffectivetointeractwiththeseagentswhentheyareabletoputthemselvesinourperspective，"saysVicente，becauseAIswiththeoryofmindwouldbeabletocommunicatethingsthatwedon'tknoworcan'tsee.ButJoannaBrysonattheUniversityofBathintheUKsaysthatAIsthatdeveloptheabilitytoseefromotherperspectiveswon'tnecessarilyleadtomachinesthataremorelikehumans，asthereareotheraspectsoftheoryofmindthataren'tyetwell﹣capturedinvirtualtests.（1）Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthechimpstudyistrue？A.Thesubordinatechimpfailedtogetthefoodduetotheirpooreyesight.B.TheinequalityamongchimpsdeservesourcarefulconsiderationC.AIscanlearnalotfromchimpssothattheycanbecomemoreuser﹣friendly.D.ThechimpstudyoffersacluetodevelopingAI'scapacitytofollowsocialpatterns.（2）Theword"replicate"（Paragraph3）isclosestinmeaningto"".A.copyB.publishC.discoverD.review（3）whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage？A.ThesubordinateAIcouldidentifywhethertoeatthefoodfromtheverybeginning.B.CreatingAIswithathinkingpatternsimilartothatofhumansisnotawalkinthepark.C.Itwon'tbelongbeforewecandevelopAIsthatcanrecognizeothers'falsebeliefs.D.AIscan'tmatchhumansintheoryofmindmainlybecausetheyhavepoormemories（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？A.AIcancommunicatewellwithhumansasapesdo.B.ThereisalongwaytogobeforeAIthinkslikehumans.C.AIlearnshowtoimagineitselfinanother'sshoes.D.Chimpanzeesareabletothinkfromothers'perspectives.SectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattheretwomoresentencesthanyouneed.20．A.It'squickerandeasierthanusingtherightquestiontag.B.ButhowlongwillitbebeforetextspeakisstandardEnglish？C.Thewordisavariationon"fishing".D.EventhegrammarofEnglishischangingslowly.E.SomepeoplebelieveGlobishwillbethemostcommonlyspokenlanguageintheworldoneday.F.Somepeoplearetakingastandagainstteentextspeakandslang.Englishischanging，INNIT（isn'tit）？MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldarelearningEnglishbuthowmanyofthemrealizethattheEnglishtheyarelearningisconstantlychanging？Newwordsareenteringthelanguage，existingwordsaredevelopingnewmeaningsandotherwordsaretailingoutofuse.（1）Sowhatdrivesthesechangesandshouldwetrytostopthem？Notsurprisingly，technologyisresponsibleforalotofnewwords.Twentyyearsago，nooneknewwhata"blog"wasbutwhenpeoplebeganwritingweblogsonline，thephrasewasquicklyshortenedto"blog"andthewriterwascalleda"blogger".Andnowadays，Internetusersareconstantlywarnedaboutthedangersof"phishing"，wherecriminalstrytogetyourcreditcardandbankdetailsbysendingdishonestmails.（2）Criminalsuseemailstocatchvictimsjustlikefishermenusewormstocatchfish.Thearrivaloftextingonmobilephonescreatedaquickandeasywaytostayintouchwithfriends.ItalsocreatedtheneedforaveryshortformofEnglish﹣atextmessageisonly160characterslong.Insteadofwriting"seeyoulater"，teenagersstartedtowrite"cu18r"andwhentheyfoundsomethingfunny，theywrote"lol"insteadof"laughoutloud".Atthemomentitisstillwrongtousethislanguageinessays，jobapplicationsandsoon.（3）Itwillchangesoon，Ithink，lol!GlobalizationhasbeenaneffectivewayofspreadingEnglisharoundtheworld.Butnowmanypeoplebelievethatnon﹣nativespeakersofEnglisharecreatingtheirownformofthelanguage，whichhasbeennamedGlobish.Withitslimitedvocabularyandsimplesentences，thisformofEnglishenablesaSpanishbusinessmantocommunicateeasilywithaChinesestudent，forexample.（4）Perhapsitalreadyis!Soifwecouldtravelintothefuture，wouldwefindpeopleallovertheworldspeakingacommonlanguage？Probablynotbutatleastcommunicationmightbesimpleroneday..innit？IV.SummaryWriting21．Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhereAretheBees？Beesareessentialtotheproductionoffoodweeat.Beesmakehoney，buttheyalsopollinate（給授花粉）largeareasofcrops，suchasstrawberries，apples，andonions.Aboutathirdofthefoodweeatisaresultofpollinationbybees.Unfortunately，beeshavebeendisappearingatanalarmingrate.In2006，beekeepersstartedreportingaboutsomethingcalledColonyCollapseDisaster（CCD）.The﹣mainsignofCCDisthedisappearanceofadulthoneybeesfromahive（蜂巢）.InOctoberof2006，somebeekeepersreportedthattheyhadlostbetween30and90percentoftheirhives.Thereweremanytheoriesforthedisappearanceofbees，butthemostconvincingonehastodowithpesticides（殺蟲劑）andthelifestyleofthebeestoday.Nowadays，beekeepersgetmostoftheirincomenotfromproducinghoneybutfromrentingbeestopollinateplants.Thismeansthatthelifeofatypicalbeenowconsistsoftravelingallaroundthecountrytopollinatecropsastheseasonschange.Thatmeansalotoftravelingontrucks，whichisverystressfultobees.Itisnotunusualforupto30%ofthehivetodieduringtransportduetostress.Inaddition，beesthatspendmostoftheirtimelockedupontrucksarenotexposedtowhattheyusuallyliveon.Instead，theyliveonasweetliquidfromcorn，usuallypollutedwithpesticides.Nooneknowsforsurewhatcausesbeestodisappear，butlosingbeesisverycostlyfortheeconomy.Beepollinationservicesareworthover＄8billionayear.Withnobees，pollinationwillhavetobedonebyhandwhichwouldaffectthequalityoffoodandincreasefoodprices.Wehearalotaboutbigenvironmentaldisastersalmosteveryday.Butoneofthebiggestmayjustbethelossofthattinyflyinginsect.V.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish，usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.22．據(jù)說，袁隆平大學一畢業(yè)就投身于農(nóng)業(yè)教學與研究。（upon）2