2023學(xué)年完整公開課版構(gòu)詞法自作

附錄構(gòu)詞法考向分析構(gòu)詞法包括合成法、派生法、轉(zhuǎn)化法、縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫,名列高考大綱的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表之中,其中合成法和派生法是重點(diǎn),特別是派生法,是每年高考的高頻考點(diǎn)之一?？键c(diǎn)清單一、合成法單句改錯(cuò)1.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-years-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termresting.答案16-years-old→16-year-old在帶有連字符的復(fù)合形容詞中,名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,故16-years-old改為16-year-old。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用

16-years-old→16-year-old2.(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-months-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitsmother.答案three-months-old→three-month-old復(fù)合形容詞three-months-old使用錯(cuò)誤,名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

three-months-old→three-month-old3.StephenFrancisobservedeighteen-years-oldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.答案eighteen-years-old→eighteen-year-old在題干中,eighteen-years-old錯(cuò)誤,中間的名詞years應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

eighteen-years-old→eighteen-year-old

二、派生法(一)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞單句填空1.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen___________(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.答案fairly空格處在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾形容詞unpleasant,故填提示詞的副詞形式。

fairly

2.Dr.BaronewasmydoctorwhenIwasakid,andeventhoughIwas___________(probable)justanotherpatienttoher,tomeshewasmorethanjustmydoctor.3.(2015廣東)

___________(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.單句改錯(cuò)4.(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady._________________

probably

Luckily

steady→steadily

一、形容詞變成副詞后綴例詞直接加-lycareful小心的→carefully小心地改y為-ilyhappy幸福的→happily幸福地以e結(jié)尾的形容詞通常直接加-lyimmediate立即的→immediately立即地去e加-ly(這種情況少見)true確實(shí)的→truly確實(shí)地注：形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞與該形容詞意義相同。(二)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞單句填空1.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir_____________(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.2.Thelinehasa_______________(long)of174kmasadoubletrackedpassengerdedicatedline,withtenstationssituatedalongitsroute.

ability

length

3.(2017河北衡水中學(xué)高三小二調(diào))Nowthereisaresurgence(復(fù)蘇)inits___________(popular)intheUKanditisavailabletoanyonewhocanaffordit.4.(2017黑龍江哈爾濱師大附中高三月考)Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureand__________(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated.

popularity

convenience

二、形容詞變成名詞后綴例詞-nessillness疾病，sickness疾病，carefulness細(xì)心，happiness幸福-y/-itydifficulty困難，possibility可能性，ability能力，activity活動(dòng)-ismsocialism社會(huì)主義，realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義(三)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞單句填空1.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher______________(educate).2.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe___________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.

education

introduction

3.Magically,thatshowremainstheGreatJason’sbest

______________

(perform)tothisday.4.(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof_________________(achieve).

performance

achievement

三、動(dòng)詞變成名詞后綴例詞-anceacceptance接受，appearance出現(xiàn)，disappearance消失，entrance入口-encedifference差別，dependence依賴，existence存在，preference偏愛，reference參考-alarrival到達(dá)，denial否認(rèn)，survival幸存，refusal拒絕-arbeggar乞丐，liar撒謊者-ionexamination檢查，imagination想象力，education教育，decision決定-mentachievement成就，agreement同意，argument爭(zhēng)論，development發(fā)展，encouragement鼓勵(lì)-erteacher教師，worker工人，waiter男侍者-(r)essactress女演員，hostess女主人，waitress女侍者-oroperator接線員，conductor售票員，visitor游客，actor男演員(四)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞單句填空1.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)However,be___________(care)nottogotoextremes.2.Igavehimaquickhugandwentbackintotheseatingarea,leavinghimwitha______________(surprise)smile.3.Whilethereare__________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.

careful

surprised

amazing

四、動(dòng)詞變成形容詞后綴例詞-ouscontinuous持續(xù)的，various各種各樣的-ableacceptable可接受的，eatable可食用的-ed/-inginterested感興趣的，interesting有趣的-ive(有……傾向的)attractive有吸引力的，creative創(chuàng)造性的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞broken(break)破碎的，lost(lose)丟失的，迷失的(五)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞單句填空1.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost_________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.

successful

2.(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)As___________(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.單句改錯(cuò)3.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅲ)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatestmusicalbums.______________________

natural

difference→different

五、名詞變成形容詞后綴例詞-able/-ible(能夠)valuable有價(jià)值的，responsible有責(zé)任的-ish(稍/略……，似……的，……國(guó)家的)selfish自私的，childish孩子氣的，British英國(guó)的-al(……的)natural自然界的，cultural文化的-(a)n/-ian/-ese(人的，地方的)American美國(guó)(人)的，Russian俄國(guó)(人)的；Chinese中國(guó)(人)的-less(無(wú)，不)careless粗心的，useless無(wú)用的-en(由……制成的)wooden木制的，woolen羊毛制的-ly(像……的)friendly友好的，manly有男人氣概的，lovely可愛的-ern(表方向)northern北方的，southern南方的-ous(有……性質(zhì)的)nervous緊張的，dangerous危險(xiǎn)的，ambitious有雄心的-ful(充滿……的)useful有用的，helpful有幫助的-ic/-ical(有……性質(zhì)的)economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的，political政治的-y(有……性質(zhì)的)noisy噪音的，snowy下雪的，dirty臟的，thirsty口渴的六、形容詞變成動(dòng)詞后綴例詞-enwiden使加寬，shorten使縮短，soften使軟化，sharpen使鋒利-izecivilize使開化，modernize使現(xiàn)代化-ify/-fysimplify使簡(jiǎn)化，beautify使美化前綴例詞en-enable使能夠，enrich使富有，enlarge擴(kuò)大七、名詞變成名詞(人)后綴例詞-erfarmer農(nóng)場(chǎng)主，villager村民，geographer地理學(xué)者-eseChinese中國(guó)人，Japanese日本人-ian/-(a)nmusician音樂(lè)家，physician內(nèi)科醫(yī)生，Russian俄羅斯人，African非洲人，American美國(guó)人-istscientist科學(xué)家，physicist物理學(xué)家，socialist社會(huì)主義者，biologist生物學(xué)家八、不改變?cè)~性的前綴

前綴例詞

in-(不，非)invisible看不見的，incomplete不完整的，incorrect不正確的

il-(不，非)illegal違法的，illogical不符合邏輯的

im-(不，非)imperfect不完美的，immoral不道德的，impolite不禮貌的，impossible不可能的

ir-(不，非)irregular不規(guī)則的，irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的

un-(不，非)unfair不公平的，unhealthy不健康的，unlucky不幸的，unfortunate不幸的，unable不能的，unimportant不重要的，undress給(某人)脫衣服，unload卸貨

non-(無(wú)，沒(méi)有)nonsense胡說(shuō)，廢話，non-effective無(wú)效的，non-existent不存在的dis-(不，無(wú))disagree不同意，disadvantage劣勢(shì)，dissatisfy使不滿意，dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的，dislike不喜歡a-(在……上/里/前)aboard在輪船/火車/飛