初中英語一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去式小結(jié)

一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去式小結(jié)一，一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：every…，sometimes,at…，onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3）表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..4）現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。Idon‘twantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比較：NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。5）時間標(biāo)志詞：every…，sometimes,oftenusually6）一般現(xiàn)在時中的動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式在一般現(xiàn)在時中，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即常在動詞原形后加-s或-es。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)如下：1、人稱代詞he,she,it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：HelikeswatchingTV.他喜歡看電視。Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二點吃午餐。Itlookslikeacat.它看起來像只貓。2、單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：①HanMeilookslikehermother.韓梅看起來像她的母親。1②BeijingisinChina.北京在中國。③UncleWangoftenmakescakes.王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。3、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或〃this/that/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞〃作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：①Ahorseisausefulanimal.馬是有用的動物。②Thisbookisyours.這本書是你的。③Thatcarisred.那輛小汽車是紅色的。④ThecatisLucy's.這只貓是露茜的。4、不定代詞someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代詞this,that作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：?Everyoneishere.大家到齊了。②Thereissomethingwrongwiththewatch.這塊手表有毛病。③Thisisapen.這是一支鋼筆。④Thatisaneraser.那是一塊橡皮擦。5、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時為第三人稱單數(shù)。如：?Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。②Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。6、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如：?〃6〃isaluckynumber.〃6〃是個吉利數(shù)字。②〃I〃isaletter.〃I〃是個字母。二，一般過去時的用法，1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3）句型:Itistimeforsb.todosth"到 時間了" "該 了"Itistimesb.didsth.”時間已遲了" "早該 了”Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你該睡覺了。Itistimeyouwenttobed.你早該睡覺了。would（had）rathersb.didsth.表示‘寧愿某人做某事‘I‘dratheryoucametomorrow.4）時間標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow5）一般過去時：一般過去時的謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式形式。be動詞的過去式有兩種：was（是is,am的過去式），were（是are的過去式）；行為動詞的過去式一般在詞尾加-ed；不規(guī)則變化的動詞要參看不規(guī)則動詞表。含有be的過去時，變否定句在was和were的后面加not。wasnot與werenot可縮寫成wasn,t和weren,t。一般疑問句是把was/were提到句首，并大寫第一個字母w，句末用問號。例：Hewasn'tintheclassroomjustnow.剛才他不在教室?！猈ereyouathomelastnight?—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn,t.—昨天晚上你在家嗎？一是的，我在。/不，我不在。6）行為動詞的過去時的否定句、一般疑問句怎樣改寫呢？這就要借助助動詞do/does的過去式did了。否定句在did后加not,并把行為動詞恢復(fù)原形。如：Hedidn'tdohishomeworklastnight.昨天晚上他沒寫作業(yè)。而一般疑問句要把did提到句首，行為動詞也要恢復(fù)原形。如：一Didyoulistentotheradioyesterday?—Yes,Idid./No,Ididn,t.—昨天你聽收音機(jī)了嗎？—是的，我聽了。/不，我沒聽。鞏固練習(xí)題：I.寫出下列動詞的相應(yīng)形式：第三人稱單數(shù)：washmatchguessstudyfinish gosnowcarry寫出下列動詞的過去式：stopseedriveletcarry keepjoinfindthinkteachcatch寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式：staybeginforgetforgetliedierunprefergive ringdancehopeII.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：I(write)toyouassoonasI(get)toLondon.Hedoesn'tfeelwelland(noteat)anyfoodthismorning.Henot(see)mecomein,forhe(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.I(let)youhavethebookassoonasI(finish)it.Whilewe(wait)forourteacher,alittleboy(run)uptous.Don'tmakeaniose.Grandpa(sleep).7.It'ssevennow,Tom'sfamily(watch)TV.It(take)metwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.Whatyourmother(do)ateightyesterdayevening?She(wash)clothes.it(rain)whenschoolwasoveryesterday?What(do)tomorrow?We(play)football.There(be)afootballmatchonTVthisevening.Theysaidthey(visit)theGreatWallthenextsummerholiday.Who(dance)thebestinyourclass?Willyoucomeifhe(notcome)?Theteachertoldustheearth(move)roundthesun.They(have)apartyinthegardenifit(notrain)tomorrow.She(buy)asweateryesterday.Idon’tknowifMr.Wang(go)toShanghaitomorrow.Ifhe(go),I(ask)him(take)somebookstomydaughter,becauseshe(study)there.III單項選擇：ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifittomorrow.A.don'trainB.doesn'trainC.won'trainThereanEnglishfilmnextweek.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobeThepicturenice.A.looksB.islookedC.lookD.islookingShedownandsoonfellasleep.A.liveB.lainC.laidD.layTheytheofficeatnineyesterdaymorning.A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.wentD.gettoWeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyoubacknextweek.A.wilcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.comeDon'tsmokeuntiltheplaneoff.A.takesB.tookC.wastakenD.istakeIsawhertheroomthismorning.A.toenter()B.enteredC.enterD.enterstheteacheraskedustoschoolontime.A.tocomeB.comingC.comeD.comesJohnisalwaysothers.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelpHetoldusateight.A.workingB.toworkC.workD.workedYou'dbetterathomeandyourhomework.A.tostay,doB.stay,doC.tostay,todoD.stay,todoHesatdownarest.A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.hadUncleWangknowsawashingmachine.A.howtomakeB.tomakeC.howmakingD.whattomakeJimdecidedPollytoLingFengwhenhewasbacktoEngland.A.toleaveB.leftC.leavingD.leave練習(xí)題（二）一、寫出下列動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化形式；behavecomegostayteachwritetakestudywatchflyplay二、用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空；Thebuses(use)alotofoil.Eachofus(have)strongpointsandweakpoints.Mydaughter(watch)TVeveryday.Sometimesshe(see)afilmonSunday.LiWei(have)adaughter.Shestaysinanursery.Ourfamily(be)ahappyone.Hermother(teach)Englishatamiddleschool.Jackoften(listen)totheradio.He(say)thatProf.Liistired.三、將下列句子變成否定式和疑問式：.Wegotoeveningschoolatnight..Mybrotherworksinaradiofactory..HernameisMeiLing..Youhaveared