John Keats約翰·濟慈生平

JohnKeats(1795—1821)JohnKeats◎1795-1821◎Englishromanticpoet.◎HeisconsideredoneofthegreatestEnglishpoets.Keat'sLife◎Camefromapoorbackground,losthisparentsearlyinlife.◎Hadnoformaleducationorliterarytraining.◎Madeupfordeficiencywithvoraciousreading.◎Misfortunesbefellhimruthlessly.◎Hisbrotherdied,andhecontractedtheterminaldisease---tuberculosis.◎Helovedayounggirl,buthadtocutofftieswithherbecauseofhisillnessandexperiencedtheworseemotionaltormentforahumanbeing.◎Hewasslightlyover25yearsoldwhenhedied.CharacteristicsofKeats’spoetry◎characterizedbyexactandcloselyknitconstruction,sensualdescription,forceofimagination;◎alwayssensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery;◎Onegreatmessage---thelastingpowerofbeautyanditsunionwithtruth.◎Majorsubjectmattersofhispoems–love&beautyandsuffering&deathHisPositioninEnglishLiterature◎Knownasasensuouspoet.◎Avoicethroughwhichbeautyexpressesitself.◎Heis,likeShakespeare,MiltonandWordsworth,oneoftheindisputablegreatEnglishpoets.Hedescribesthebeautyofthenaturalworldandartasthevehicleforhispoeticimagination.Hisskillwithpoeticimageryandsoundreproducesthissensuousexperienceforhisreader.Hispoetryevolvesoverhisbriefcareerfromthisloveofnatureandartintoadeepcompassionforhumanity.MajorWorksLongpoems:EndymionIsabellaTheEveofSt.AgnesLamiaHyperionShortlyrics:fourodes,hismostimportantmasterpiece.OdeonaGrecianUrnOdeonMelancholyOdetoaNightingaleToAutumnTypicalOne:Odes◎ThemodernformoftheodedatesfromtheRenaissance;liketheLatinodeitispurepoetry,notintendedformusicalaccompaniment.◎TheearliestEnglishodesincludetheEpithalamionandtheProthalamion,ormarriagehymns,bythe16th-centurypoetEdmundSpenser.◎Englishwritersofodesinthe17thcenturyincludedBenJonsonandAndrewMarvell,whowroteintheHoratianmode,andJohnMilton,whoseode“OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity”."OdeonaGrecianUrn"◎ThisodeisfrequentlytreatedasKeats’centralpoem,asakeytothemajorthemes,itsrichnessofimagery,itssuperbcraftsmanship,itisquitecapableoffillingsucharole.◎Itshowsthecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofart&thetransienceofhumanpassion.ThepoethasabsorbedhimselfintothetimelessbeautifulsceneryontheantiqueGrecianUrn:thelovers,musicians&worshippersontheUrnexistsimultaneously&foreverintheirintensityofjoy.Theyareunaffectedbytime,stilledinexpectation.Thisisatoncetheglory&thelimitationoftheworldconjuredupbyanobjectofart.Theurncelebratesbutsimplifiesintuitionsofecstasybyseemingtodenyourpainfulknowledgeoftransience&suffering.◎Onthesurface,thisodeisabouttheGrecianUrn,butwecanfairlysayitisacommentaryonnature&art,forarthasthepowertopreserveintensehumanexperiences,sothattheymaygoonbeingenjoyedbymenfromgenerationtogeneration.Pleasureinlifecannotbeprotectedfromchange,whileartifactcanremainintact.◎TheOdeconsistsof5stanzas,thefirstfourstanzasdescribingapastoralsceneontheurn,&thelastepitomizingtherelationofthetimelessidealworldinarttothewoefulactualworld.◎Eachstanzais10lineslong,meteredinarelativepreciseiambicpentameter,anddividedintotwopartrhymescheme,thelast3linesofwhicharevariable.◎Thefirst7linesofeachstanzafollowanABABCDErhymescheme,butthesecondoccurrencesoftheCDEsounddonotfollowthesameorder.Instanza1,lines7through10arerhymedDCE;instanza2,CED;instanzas3and4,CDE;andinstanza5,DCE,justasinstanza1.◎Thetwo-partrhymeschemecreatesthesenseofatwo-partthematicstructureaswell.Thefirst4linesofeachstanzaroughlydefine