高中英語閱讀猜詞技巧精編版

高中英語閱讀猜詞技巧精編版第1頁/共43頁Guessinggame第2頁/共43頁Penguin['p?ngw?n]

ThepenguinisakindofanimalThepenguinisakindofseabirdThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunnyway第3頁/共43頁Mostkindsofcrabsliveinthewater.crab[kr?b]

Itisakindofanimal.Ithasahardshell.Ithaseightlegs.Itisverydeliciousafterbeingcooked.第4頁/共43頁afatcatwhenpigsfly肥貓當(dāng)豬在飛第5頁/共43頁Lucymarriedamanwhoownsabigcompanyandhasmillionsofdollars.Heisreallyafatcat.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase?大款，大亨第6頁/共43頁Peterisverylazyandheneverdoeshishomework.Hecangotoauniversitywhenpigsfly.Accordingtothepassage,“whenpigsfly”means_______.不可能第7頁/共43頁Heavy

rainHeavynewsHeavyfoodHeavyappearanceHeavysleeperHeavysmoker令人悲痛的消息暴雨油膩的食物粗陋的長相睡覺沉的人煙鬼第8頁/共43頁Ifyoumeetnewwordswhenreading,whatwillyoudo?1.Paynoattentionandcontinuereading.2.Lookthemupinthedictionary.3.Guessthemeaning.

第9頁/共43頁要求考生讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的短文以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息?？忌鷳?yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；

３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；

４、作出判斷和推理；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求第10頁/共43頁homeworkhometownhomelesshomepagehomelandhomesickI

1.合成法(Compounding)

I.MakefulluseofthewordformationFarawayfromhome第11頁/共43頁forget-me-not__________baby-sitter__________

out-of-datecomputer________outbreakofBirdFlu____________勿忘我過時的電腦禽流感爆發(fā)Canyouguesstheirmeaning?

I.Makefulluseofthewordformation看孩子的人

第12頁/共43頁nonjudgmental:沒有判斷力的judge

judgment

judgmental判斷v.判斷n.adj.nonjudgmental:2.派生法(Derivation)加前綴或后綴I.Makefulluseofthewordformation第13頁/共43頁1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonest

person.2.Whenthelittleboyfinished,hisfatherwas

speechless.3.Ifsomeathletesusedrugs,itisunfairtotheothers.

首先要熟悉基本的構(gòu)詞法及其規(guī)律,其次要掌握一定的詞根和詞綴。如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。小結(jié)dis+honestspeech+lessun+fairI.Makefulluseofthewordformation第14頁/共43頁

super-inter-mini-micro--someanti-co-post-pre--ship

在……之間超易于……的極小的反對后身份，資格微小一同，一起之前第15頁/共43頁

表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-

表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-

錯誤失當(dāng)mis-,mal-,pseudo-

表向背pro-,anti-

表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,

over-,under-,mini-,semi-,

表時間pre,fore-,post-

表方位sub-,inter-,trans-

prefixdecontroltransplantcounterattack解除控制

移植

反擊

第16頁/共43頁suffix-able（能…的）-less（無，不）wards（向）-ship（身份；資格；性質(zhì)）-some（易于…的）hood（狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時期）-ish（如…的；有點兒…的）-proof(防…的；不能穿透的）-scape（景）-most(最…的）waterproofstreetscapeinnermostspeechless第17頁/共43頁supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)I.Makefulluseofthewordformation第18頁/共43頁Brunch__________Smog__________Chinglish________Smilence

____________breakfast+lunch

smoke+fog

Chinese+Englishsmile+silenceI.Makefulluseofthewordformation3.取頭取尾(blending)早中飯煙霧中式英語笑而不語第19頁/共43頁I.MakefulluseofthewordformationTheGuardian(衛(wèi)報)describedthesceneofafriend’sfaceburiedinascreenas"adistinctly21st—centuryproblem”.Anewwordhasbeencreatedtodescribethis—phubbing.Itistheactoflookingatyourmobilephoneinsteadofpayingattentiontoothersduringasocialinteraction(互動交流).(2014成都二診C篇)Whatdoestheword“phubbing”mean?

第20頁/共43頁Phubbing低頭族Phubbing=phone+snub(冷落)第21頁/共43頁2.派生法(Derivation)

添加前綴prefix

和后綴suffix)I.Usingwordformation利用構(gòu)詞法3.去頭去尾法(Blending)UsingWordFormation1.合成法(Compounding)第22頁/共43頁1.Hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandma.2.Unlikehisbrother,Hobartisquite______.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harveyisathief:hewould______thegoldfromhisgrandmaandnotfeelguilty.stealUnlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsome

person,

Hobartisquite____________.ordinary-lookingplain/homelyⅡ.Usingcontextclues利用上下文語境第23頁/共43頁1.定義描述3.因果關(guān)系2.同義反義4.舉例歸納5.生活常識6.上下文推測Ⅱ.Usingcontextclues利用上下文語境UsingContextClues第24頁/共43頁

◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

動物學(xué)家

牧羊人1、定義描述小結(jié)：通常由定語從句或同位語引出詞的具體含義[z??'?l?d??st]第25頁/共43頁2.同義詞

◎

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plumpasmother,andmuchshorter.◎Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.◎Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion.Theyareunanimous.

圓胖的灌溉一致同意的[ju?'n?n?m?s]第26頁/共43頁反義詞

◎ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.污穢的天生的混亂第27頁/共43頁

由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等連接的兩個詞構(gòu)成同義關(guān)系；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though

，incontrast,onthecontrary等。小結(jié)第28頁/共43頁3、因果關(guān)系◎

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.◎

Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.◎Tomisconsideredanautocratic

administratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.貧窮的混濁的獨斷專行的第29頁/共43頁

常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小結(jié)第30頁/共43頁4、舉例歸納法◎

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevices

suchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.◎

Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置第31頁/共43頁

常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義。小結(jié)第32頁/共43頁◎Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.

波紋,漣漪顫抖癥狀

5、生活經(jīng)驗,生活常識,邏輯推理

第33頁/共43頁

小結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。因此平時多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。第34頁/共43頁6.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義例題：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowls第35頁/共43頁

小結(jié)所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。所以在猜測生詞詞義或句意時，一定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，對詞或句子進(jìn)行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。第36頁/共43頁

高考實戰(zhàn)演練Areyouready?第37頁/共43頁1.Chickenbecomesrottenveryquickly.Thatistosay,itcangobadinarefrigeratorifitisleftthereformorethanaweek.Ifyouhaveanydoubtthatthemeatisbad,don’teatit.Insteadinspectitverycarefully:Checkthesmell,howitlooksandfeels.

1.“rotten”means________.A.badB.goodC.delicious2.“inspect”_______.