中考英語閱讀理解技巧策略歷年真題舉例詳解

中考英語閱讀理解

開題篇：得閱讀者得天下！

一、命題規(guī)律

1.我市近年的閱讀理解是以選擇形式來考查學生的，閱讀內(nèi)容有故事（名人軼事、哲理故事、幽默故

事），科普類，應用文（廣告，圖表），文化等多種題材。在體裁上主要以記敘文與說明文為主。文章總體

上貼近生活，主要考查考生對文章的實際理解能力。

2.廈門近年考查閱讀文章題材多樣，英文單詞字數(shù)在200-300單詞每篇。主要考查考生的事實細節(jié)理

解能力，推理判斷能力，主旨大意概括能力和通過上下文猜詞能力。

二、命題趨勢

預計2015選擇型閱讀會越來越注重理解和推理判斷能力的考查。

三.閱讀理解失分原因

.生詞多，詞匯量少（1620）

不熟悉固定搭配（298個）

語法知識欠缺，長難句困擾（三大從句）

缺少背景知識

四、突破方法

1.關注社會發(fā)展，了解焦點話題，比如說災難如Ebolavirus,霧霾（smog/haze）中國申辦世界杯或足

球改革，英語考試改革，娛樂事件如跑男等當今社會熱點問題等，做個生活的有心人。

2.注意運用答題技巧，提高答題的準確性

閱讀理解的解題技巧與策略

1.瀏覽問題，通讀全文。做閱讀理解題之前，首先要匆匆讀一下短文后面的題目，然后帶著這些問題

去閱讀所給的材料，獲取文中的各種信息。通讀全文時，尤其要注意短文首段或每一自然段的首句。文

章最后一段往往是總括全文的，是事件的結(jié)局或作者表達的態(tài)度、意圖、目的等。特別是短文的末尾一

句，往往起著畫龍點睛的作用。命題者也常常就這一句設置一個題目，而且往往是難度較大的題。這樣

?來便容易抓住中心，為下一步準確、快速地解題打下良好的基礎。

2.解答問題，選定答案。瀏覽全文，獲取了文中的主要信息之后，就可以一邊認真閱讀題目，?邊細

心答題了。首先，要弄懂題干的內(nèi)容和要求，然后到文中去找相應的信息。其次，依照題目和找到的信

息，進行推理判斷。如果遇到的題目很難或無法根據(jù)所給材料做出明確的判斷，這時，要統(tǒng)觀全文，在

理解文字表面意思的基礎上進行深入分析、推理，找到解決問題的突破口，然后結(jié)合文章主題和有關常

識進行思考，從而可以推斷出正確答案。如果遇到百思不得其解的問題，可暫時將其擱置一旁，等做完

其它題目之后，然后再回頭來推敲這些懸而未決的題目。

值得一提的是，雖然有時候在選項里會出現(xiàn)原文中的某些語句，但它們往往是迷惑項，與答案的選

定根本不相干。

3.力求穩(wěn)妥，復核檢查。在完成了全部的題目之后，還必須快速地、有針對性地重讀一遍短文，特別

是要留意與題目相關的文字。

另外，了解做閱讀理解題忌諱，不做無用功。

1.忌不帶問題讀文章。做閱讀理解題時，應先把文章后面所給的考查題瀏覽一遍，然后帶著這些問題進

行閱讀。邊閱讀邊選出考查表層情況問題的答案，從而提高閱讀效果。

2.忌草率行事。在設計理解題時，設計者往往在三個選項中設計出一個似是而非的答案。這樣答案干擾

性特別強，容易迷惑考生。如果在發(fā)現(xiàn)一個看似正確答案時就草率定案，往往會掉進設計者設置的“陷阱”

里。處理的方法是：對所給三個備選答案進行分析比較，在充分理解閱讀材料內(nèi)容的基礎上進行去偽存真，

方可選出正確答案。

3.忌主觀印象。少數(shù)閱讀不明確題只需根據(jù)生活常識就可選出答案，而絕大多數(shù)則不然，考生必須按照

原文來選定答案。因此，考生在做后一種測試題時，一定要排除自身的生活經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷和已有的知識等主

觀因素的干擾，按照文章實際反映的情況來選擇答案。

4.忌囪］冏定案。所謂囪固定案是指考生在未完全讀懂文章時就匆忙定案，結(jié)果往往選錯答案。因此，尚

未讀懂的地方如果時間允許的話，一定要慢速多讀幾遍，直到讀懂時再定答案。

5.忌忽略時間。做閱讀理解題時，一定要從整體上控制時間，時間分配根據(jù)文章的難易程度有別。文中

一兩處沒弄懂的地方可以暫且放置?邊，等把全部題做完后，再回頭來處理。因為做完題后，你的心情相

對放松了往往會產(chǎn)生新的思路、新的靈感。

閱讀理解題型設計，大致可以分為以下幾種題型：

A.主旨大意型；B.細節(jié)理解型；C.詞義猜測型；D.推理判斷型

A.主旨大意題

主旨大意題的常見的提問形式：

Thebesttitleforthispassagemay/maybe

Thetext/passageismainlyabout…

Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

Thepassagemainlytellsusabout…

Thewriterwrotethepassageinorderto

技巧解析：主旨大意題主要考查對文章主題或中心思想的領會和理解能力。尋找主題句（topicsentence）往

往是做好此類題的關鍵。因此，在做題時，要注意每段的主題句。抓住主題句，就不難確定文章的中心思

想。

尋找主題句的方法：

1.認真閱讀文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句子。

2.文章的主題作者往往有意識地反復論述。抓住反復HI現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。

e.g.

2013（廈門）B

GoodeveningandwelcometoWorldViews.Earlierintheday,wespoketofourdifferentpeopleabout

familytraditions.Here'swhattheysaid.

①Christmaspresents

②Birthdaycakes

③Easter（復活節(jié)）eggs

④Specialday

46Thebesttitleofthispassagemaybe“”

A.CommonfriendsB.UnusualtraditionsC.Specialpresents

主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段尾：

作者先擺出事實依據(jù)，或者提出問題，然后層層推進，提出解決方法，然后后文再進一步詳述。本段的中

心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，是全文的主題句，下文按照主題句進行展開。

（2008,廈門）

Every30secondsthereisanearthquake.Butdon'tworrybecausemostaresoweakthattheycannotbefelt.

Onlyafewbigoneshurtpeople.

ManyearthquakeshappenedinChina,suchasthebigoneinSichuanlastmonth.Thousandsofpeoplediedinit.

Soit'simportanttoknowwhattodowhenonehits.Herearesometipsonhowtostaysafeinanearthquake.

1.Ifyouareindoorsduringanearthquake,hide（躲藏）underadesk.Stayawayfromwindowsandanythingthat

couldfallonyou.

69.Thebesttitleofthispassageis"'

A.Howdangeroustheearthquakeis

B.Howtobesafeduringanearthquake

C.Don'tbeafraidoftheearthquake

（2011,泉州）

We'vetalkedaboutsnails（蝸牛）andtheirslowmove.Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon'tmoveatall.Theyare

intheirshells（殼）一sleeping.

HotsunwilldryoutasnaiFsbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintohisshell.Asnail

willdieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.Asnailcansleepforaslongasitneeds

to.Itspendsallthewintermonthsinitsshell,asleep.

Inthespringthesnailwakesup.Itsbody,aboutthreeincheslong,comesoutfromtheshell.Whenhungry,the

snaillooksforfood.Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelers（觸角），areveryweak.Butitssense（感覺）ofsmellis

verystrong.Ithelpsthesnailtofindfoodandthenewgreens.

AsnaiFsmouthisnobiggerthanthepointofapin（大頭針）.Yetithas256,000teeth!Theteethareverysmall,

andyoucan'tseethem.Ifyouputasnailinahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!Andifasnailwearsoutits

teeth,itwillgrownewones.

文章的主題也可能以高頻詞的形式出現(xiàn)。2011年泉州中考卷中并沒有出現(xiàn)明確的主題句，但細看之下會發(fā)

現(xiàn)，文章中“snail”這個詞出現(xiàn)的頻率高達13次，是整篇文章中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞匯。snail既是文章說

明的對象，又是文章的主題

B.細節(jié)理解題

細節(jié)理解題常用的設問方式：

WhichofthefollowingstatementisTrue/Wrong?

Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?

Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof...?

Accordingtothepassage,...

技巧解析：

細節(jié)理解題大多是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息進行提問的。這類題目一般可以直接或者間接在文中找到答案。

做此類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題或選項相關的詞語或句子（有時得一一排除），即關鍵詞或

關鍵句，再對相關的部分進行細讀，找出正確答案。特別要注意年代和數(shù)字、大寫的人名和地名、比較級

與最高級、以及表示因果的詞匯等。是非判斷的題目一般出現(xiàn)在同一段落或相鄰段落中，做題時需要仔細

閱讀某些段落。

Inancienttimes,whenamanwantedtotellhowmanyanimalsheowned,hehadnosystem（體系）of

numberstouse.Heputastoneorpebbleintoabagforeachanimal.Themoreanimals,

themorestonesorpebbleshehad.Itmayexplainwhytheword"calculate“comesfromtheLatinword“calculus”

whichmeans44stone,,.（2014E）

57.Manfirstusedforcounting.

A.threeB.astoneorpebbleC.fingers

Atabout1,000meters,Benradiosinagain.^^Thisiseasy!”Thentheinstructorwatchesasheclimbsover

1,5000meters.Andnowshe'sbeginningtowonybecauseBenhasn'tradioedin.（2014A）

Ataheightofaboutmeters,theinstructorisstartingtoworryaboutBen.

39.A.500B.1,000C.1,500

該題直接通過題干選取答案。

Theyeachheldashovel（鐵鏟）andbegantoshoveldirt（泥土）inlothewell.Atfirstthedonkeycriedloudly

whenherealizedwhatwashappening.Then,afewshovel-fullslater,hequieteddowncompletely.

Asthefarmer'sneighborscontinuedtoshoveldirtontopoftheanimal,hewouldshakeitoffandtakeastep

up.Prettysoon,tothegreatsurpriseofeveryone,thedonkeysteppedupovertheedgeofthewellandwalkedoff

fast.

Thecorrectorderofthefollowingis.（2014廈門B）

a.Thedonkeyatfirstcriedloudlywhenherealizedwhatwashappening.

b.Thefarmer'sneighborscontinuedtoshoveldirtontopoftheanimal.

c.Thedonkeysteppedupovertheedgeofthewellandwalkedofffast.

d.Thefarmerandhisneighborsbegantoshovelthedirtintothewell.

A.d,a,b,cB.d,b,a,cC.a,d,b,c

c.詞義猜測題

常見的設問形式：

Theunderlinedword/phraseinthepassagemeans…

Theword"?,?"inthefirstparagraphrefersto***

Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans

Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthefirst/second/lastparagraph?

技巧解析：要求正確理解短文中一些關健詞、短語或句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達法、詞的多

義性、同近義語替換、習語釋義、句型或語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換等。詞義的猜測方法有：

1）上下文間意義的聯(lián)系；

2）同義關系，反義關系；

3）對詞的解釋和舉例

e.g.

1.Callme（2013廈門

Method:Useyourthumbandlittlefingertoformtheshapeofaphone.Holdyourthumbtoyourear,and

yourlittlefingertoyourmouth.

Meaning:Callme!/Tilcallyou!/Let'scalloneanother.

47.Theunderline!word'thumb“referstothefingerthat'spointedin

Thenthescientistmustdoresearch.Heorshecouldlearnasmuchaboutthetopicaspossible.Next,thescientist

makesahypothesis.Itcouldbe“Birdflysouthforthewinterbecausetheyarecold.^^Oritcouldbe“Waterwill

turnintoicewhenthetemperaturegetslowenough^^It?sasocallededucated（有根據(jù)的）guess.（2013E）

Theunderlinedword“hypotheris''means"

A.guessB.modelC.reason

2011,廈門）

"I'msorry,butdon'tstopme,please!”thesmallboysaid,“Itveryhottodayandthereisn'tanyothershadeinthe

street!w.......

54.Theunderlinedwordashade“referstoaplacewhichis.

A.wetterB.coolerC.hotter

D.推理判斷題

常見的設問形式：

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

Fromthetextweknowthat

Thestoryimpliesthat

Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe

Thewriter'sattitudetoward*,?is???

Theauthorimplied/suggestedthat…

技巧解析：這類題目有一定難度。做題時要到文章中去找線索，抓住關鍵詞、短語、句子或段落，理解文

章層次和邏輯關系，并結(jié)合閱讀材料外的有關生活?、社會常識，作出準確的判斷和推理。有時甚至還得聯(lián)

系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音加以推理，才能獲得正確答案。推理時一定要以文章提供的事實為依據(jù)，

不可以憑空想象，或加入個人的想法、觀點。

……（09廈門）

“Whyareyoulate?”theteacherasked.4tYoumissthetest.”"Ourtaxihadaflatlire,“oneofthegirlssaid.

Theteacherthoughtforamoment,thenhesaid,"Sitdown,oneofyouineachcomeroftheroom.^^Thefourgirls

didthis.Thentheteachersaid,''Writetheanswertothisquestiononapieceofpaper:Whichtirewasflat?^^

54.Wecanknowfromthepassagethattheteacher.

A.thoughttheyweregoodstudents

B.didn'tbelievewhattheysaid

C.gavehisstudentstoomanytests

（14廈門A）TheinstructorrunsoverandpullsBenfromthewreckage（殘骸“Whathappened!”the

instructorasks.

"Idon'tknow“Benreplies.uEverythingwasgoingfine,butasIgothigher,Iwasstartingtogetcold,soI

turnedoffthebigfanthingandthen....44

ThepossiblereasonforthecrashisthatBen.

A.shutoffthebigfanthingonthehelicopter

B.refusedtotalkwiththeinstructor

C.keptradioinginonthehelicopter

實戰(zhàn)預測

（一）故事類

ConanDoyle

In1885,ayoungdoctornamedArthurConanDoyleopenedaclinicinLondon.Hewantedtobeasuccessful

doctorbutforsomereasonheneverfoundenoughpatients.Tokillthetime,hebegantowritestoriesandsend

themtothenewspaper.

ConanDoyle'sstorieswereaboutacleverdetective,SherlockHolmes.ConanDoylewrotethatSherlock

Holmeslivedat221BBakerStreetinLondon,andpeoplewithproblemscametohimforhelp.Oftenpolice

detectivescametoSherlockHolmeswiththeirproblems,too.Hewasabletosolvemysteries（神秘的事）thatthe

cleverestpolicemeninEnglandwereunabletodealwith.

SometimesSherlockHolmescouldsolveamysterywithoutleavinghischair.Helistenedcarefullytothe

informationhiscustomergaveandfiguredouttheanswer.Atothertimeshespentdaysorweekslookingforclues.

SherlockHolmestraveledtodifferentcitiesandcountriestosolvethemysteries.Sometimesheworedisguise（偽

裝衣）andpretendedtobeanoldman,orasailor.Holmesdidanythingtofindouttheanswerstothemysterieshe

wasworkingon.

SherlockHolmesisthemostfamousdetectiveinEnglishliterature,butmanypeopledon'tunderstandthathe

isafictionalcharacter（小說人物），notarealperson.TheEnglishpostofficereportsthatpeoplesendmailsto

SherlockHolmesat221BBakerStreet,evenhegetsmorethan2,000letterseveryyear.

Choosethebestansweraccordingtothepassage.

1.ArthurConanDoyleopenedaclinicinLondonandwantedto.

A.becomeawriterB.becomeadoctorC.livewithSherlockHolmes

2.SherlockHolmesisa.

A.cleverpolicemanB.friendofthewriter

C.characterinthestorieswrittenbyConanDoyle

3.ManypeoplewrotetoSherlockHolmesaskingforhelpsuggests（表明）thatthedescriptionofthecharacteris

a.

A.failureB.successC.problem

4.TheChinesemeaningoftheword"clues"is.

A.戰(zhàn)斗B.洪水C.線索

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrongaccordingtothispassage?

A.ConanDoyleisadetectivewriter.

B.SherlockHolmesisamanwhocansolveanymysleries.

C.Atfirst,ConanDoylejustwritestoriestokilltime.

（-）文化習俗類

Birthdaysarecelebrated（慶祝）allovertheworld.Somewaystocelebratebirthdaysarerathersimilarfrom

countrytocountry:candles,cakes,andbirthdaywishes.Buttherearealsodifferentwaystocelebratebirthdays.

Hereareafew:

DenmarkIndia

AflagisflownUsuallyIndianchildren

outsideawindowtowearwhitetoschool.

showthatsomeoneHowever,ontheir

wholivesinthatbirthday,childrenwear

houseishavingacoloredclothestoschool

birthday.Presentsareplacedandgiveoutchocolates

aroundthechild'sbedwhileheissleepingsotoeveryoneintheclass.Theirbestfriendhelps

hewillseethematoncewhenhewakesup.themtodothis.

Japan

Holland

Thebirthdaychild

wearsnewclothestoThebirthdaychildreceivesan

markthespecialespeciallylargepresent.The

time.Certainfamilyalsoputflowersonthe

birthdaysaremorebirthdaychild'schairtomakeit

importantthanbeautiful.

others.Thesearethethirdandseventh

birthdaysforgirlsandthefifthforboys.

1.WhensomeoneishavingabirthdayinDenmark,youcanseearoundtheperson*sbed.

A.flowersB.presentsC.aflag

2.In，flowersareputonthechairofthebirthdaychild.

A.JapanB.DenmarkC.Holland

3.Fromthepassage,welearnthat.

A.thebirthdaychildinHollandwearcolorfulclothestoschool

B.inIndia,thebirthdaychildrenshoudgiveoutchocolatestoeveryoneintheclass

C.ifakiteisflownoutsideawindow,theremustbesomeonewhoishavingabirthdayinDenmark

4.InJapan,thebirthdayismoreimportantforboyswhentheyare.

A.15B.7C.5

5.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.similarwaysofcelebratingbirthdaysinsomecountries

B.differentwaysofcelebratingbirthdaysinsomecountries

C.children'sbirthdaysinwesterncountries

（三）社會現(xiàn)象類

RecentlyitisreportedonTVthatsomestarswerecaughtbythepolicebecausetheytookdrugs.Itbrought

verybadinfluencetotheyoungpeople.

StudentsatShenzhenLuohuForeignLanguageMiddleSchoolhavelearnedtokeepthemselvessafeby

saying“no"todrugs.Theysaidsometimessomestrangerswantedtogivethemsomemedicineandsaiditwould

keepthemslimorhelpthemdowellinexams.Infact,whatthosestrangerswanttogivethemaredrugs.Drugs

aredangeroustohealth.

"Becauseteensdon'tknowmuchaboutdrugs,theymightwanttotrythem.^^SaidZhangDongsheng,the

directorofShengzhenDrugControlOffice.

Liang,16,wasagoodstudentbeforetryingdrugs.Oneday,someoldfriendstoldhimitwouldbefun.After

takingdrugsonlyonce,hefounditveryhardtostop.Liangbegantospendallhistimeandmoneyondrugs.Soon,

hestoppedgoingtoschoolandstartedstealing.Intheend,hewasputinprison.

InChina,takingdrugsisbecomingabigproblemforteens.Accordingtoasurvey,aboutonemillionpeople

inChinawereusingillegal（違法）drugslastyear,and72%ofthemwereyoungpeople.Worsestill,thereare

about10,000drugusersunder16now.

Zhanghassomegoodadviceonstayingdean.Hesaid,“Drugsaredangerous.Nevertrythem,evenifyou

arecurious（好奇）！Itisthemostimportantforyoutokeepsafeandhealthy.”

56.WhichstatementisRIGHTaboutdrugs?

A.Drugsdoharmtoyourhealth.B.Drugshelpyoudowellintheexams.

C.Drugskeepyouslimandlovely

57.Accordingtothispassage,manyschoolsarrange（安排）coursesorsomeactivitiestonow.

A.knowmoreaboutcigarettesB.learnsomeChinesemedicineC.knowaboutdrugs

58.Teenswanttotrydrugsbecause.

A.theyhaveenoughmoneyB.theyarecuriousaboutdrugs

C.theyknowabouttheharmofdrugs.

59.FromLiang'sstory,wecanknowthatitistogiveupdrugs,evenifonetriesonlyonce.

A.easyB.difficultC.possible

60.Whatdoesthephrase"stayingclean^^heremean?

A.BeingcleanandtidyB.StayawayfromdrugsC.Keepingclothesclean

（四）科普文化類

Differentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent.Itinfluenceshealth,intelligence（智力）andfeelings.In

August,itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Peopletherehavehearttroubleandother

kindsofhealthproblemsduringthismonth.IntheNortheastandtheMiddle-West,itisveryhotatsometimes

andverycoldatothertimes.PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruary

orMarch.

Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence.Forexample,ina1983reportbyscientists,IQofagroupof

studentswasveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame,butafterthestrongwind,theirIQwas10%lower.The

windcanhelppeoplehavemoreintelligence.Veryhotweather,ontheotherhand,canmakeitlower.Studentsin

manyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftengetworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear（JulyandAugust）.

Weatheralsohasastronginfluenceonpeople'sfeelings.Wintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeople.They

usuallyfeelcoldduringthesemonths.Theymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweather.Butfatpeoplemayhavea

hardtimeinhotsummer.Atabout18℃,peoplebecomestronger.

Lowairpressuremaymakepeopleforgetful.Peopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsonlow-pressure

days.Peoplefeelbestatatemperatureofabout18℃.

Areyoufeelingsad,tired,forgetfulorunhappytoday?Itmaybetheweather'sproblem.

56.cancauseproblemsonhealth.

A.HotandwetweatherB.LowairpressureC.Warmweather

57.Areportshowsthatpeoplemayhavemoreintelligencewhencomes.

A.rainB.veryhotweatherC.astrongwind

58.Accordingtothewriter,fatpeoplemayfeelbadinweather.

A.hotB.coolC.warm

59.Thewriterwantstotellusthat

A.hotandcoldweatherinfluenceallpeopleinthesameway

B.IQchangeswhenweatherchanges

C.IQhasnothingtodowiththeweather

60.Thebesttitle（標題）forthispassageis.

A.HotWeatherCausesHealthProblems

B.WeatherInfluencesHealth,IntelligenceandFee