2022-2023年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）

2022-2023年遼寧省沈陽(yáng)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總（含答案）學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.Overcomingprocrastination:APracticalApproach

Doyoufindthatyouoftenbegincorrespondencewithaphraselike,"I'msorryit'stakenmelongtogetbacktoyou,"or,"Myapologiesforthedelayinresponding"?Thismaybeanindicationthatyou'reinthehabitofpurringthingsoff.Similarly,adeskoffilesfilledwithprojectswhichyouhaveyettobeginorwhicharepartiallycompletedbutinactive,isanothersuresignthatthere'sproblem,ffyouareoneofthosepeoplewhoinsistsoncleaningupallthelittleprojectsawaitingyou,inordertoremovethose"bothersomelittlethings"beforeyoubeginamajorproject,youareactuallyengaginginprocrastinationbyallowingyourselftofallvictimtothe"tyrannyofthetrivial".

Reasonsforprocrastination

Likemanyissuesinvolvingtimemanagement,procrastinationisabehavioralproblem,andlikeallsuchproblemsitcan,withsufficientmotivation,bechanged.Inordertochangeabehavioralparrem,however,itisnecessarytounderstandthereasonsforthatbehavior.

Don'tknowwheretostart

Ifyouthinkaboutit,thetaskswhichyoutendtopostponewillgenerallyfallintotwocategories.Thefirstoftheseisthefairlylargeorcomplextask.Suchtasksaregenerallyimportantintheiroutcome,whichonlyaddstothepressuretodoagoodjob,andyettheirverycomplesitymakesitdiffculttoknowjustwhereorhowtobegin.Theresultisthatthetaskisputoffuntilitsimplyhastobedealtwith.

Anunplesanttask

Thesecondcategoryoftaskcommonlypostponedisthatwhichiseitherunpleasanttodoormayhaveunpleasantconsequences.Thismaybesomeaspectofyourworkthatyousimplydon'tenjoy,oritmaybesomethinglikeanegativejobappraisalforanemployee,forwhichyouknowtherewillberepercussions.Again,thetaskisputoffuntilotherpressuresmakeitnecesaryforittobetackled.

Fearoffailure

Onahitmore"psychological"note,therearethosewhoputofftasksbecausetheyhaveasubconsciousfearthattheywillnotbeabletoperform.themsatisfactorily.Relatedtothisarcthosewhoholdthemselvestothestandardofperfectionforallworktheydo.Ifyoususpectthattheirworkwillbelessthanperfecttheymaybeinclinedtoputitoff.

Excusingsub-standardperformance

Attheoppositeendofthespectrumarethosewhouseprocrastination(generallynotonaconsciouslevel)asameansofexcusingworkwhichtheyknowisofpoorquality."IcouldhavedonebetterifI'dhadmoretime,"isthegeneralrefrainofsuchpeople,thoughoncloserexaminationitmaybefoundthattheydidn'thavetimebecausetheychosetoprocrastinate.Keepinmind,ofcourse,thattherearesomeprojectswhichdocomeupasemergenciesandforwhichyoureallydon'thavesufficienttime,sodon'tassumethatthisrefrainisalwaysasignofaprocrastinationproblem.

OvercomingProcrastination

Itisimportantthatyoutakethetimetorecognizewhichreasonsapplymosttoyouortoyourstaffmembers.Bydoingsoyouwillbeabletoselectfromthesolutionsthatfollow,theoneormorethatwillbesthelpyoutoovercomeprocrastination.

UsetheSWAPapproach.Ifyouanalyzeanoverwhelmingtaskthatiscurrentlyfacingyou,youwillprobablyfindthatitcanbebrokendownintoanumberofsmaller,moremanageablepieces.Alogicalorderwillemergeforcomplitingeachpart,oryoumayhavetoimposesuchanorderonthecomponentparts.YoucanthenSWAP—StartWithAPart.Andifyou'velistedthevariouspartsinwriting—whichisrecommended—youcanhavethepleasureofcrossingthemoffstepbystep,andseeingavisualrepresenta

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

MonsieurLabelandhiswifesendtheirchildrentolearnChinesebecausetheyhopethattheirchildrencanlearnasmanyforeignlanguagesaspossible.

A.YB.NC.NG

3.

Epinicianodesaswellasthestatuesandinscriptionsallservedthefunctionof______.

4.

Onereasonwhycollegesincreasetuitionandfeesisthatthestatesupportisshrinking.

A.YB.NC.NG

5.Whenpeoplemanagetogetawaywithlying,manyofthem______.

A.areproudofthemselves

B.willmakelyingahabit

C.feelashamedandguilty

D.areheldingreataffection

6.

Thebiggestsinglelossofplaneshappenedin______.

7.

Womenduringreproductivelifeshould______.

8.4Gwirelesscommunicationcantaketheplaceof______tosendimagesbacktocentralcommandcenter.

9.

All-PointsBulletinoftenappearsintrue-crimedocumentaries,sopeoplearequitefamiliarwithit.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

Takingatestasabattleisapositiveattitudetowardsteststhateachstudentshouldhold.

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

TheprivatejetthatcarriedSalopekhomestoppedinFrance,Ireland,andCanadafor______.

12.

Sophisticated______techniqueshavebeenalreadyemployedtocalculatehowintermarriageischangingthefaceoftheUnitedStates.

13.

Accordingtodifferentcultures,negotiationscanbeconductedthroughdirect,face-to-facecommunicationorindirect

14.

Itis______thatplaystheleadingroleintheethnicintermixingoftheU.S.

15.

WhenweareapproachingtheREMstage,wemostprobablysee

A.vagueimages

B.familiarimages

C.animalimages

D.weirdimages

16.

RobertSubbaramanrecentlypublishedaninclusivereportregardingChina'seconomy,polities,societyandforeignpolicybyhimself.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Broadleavedplantsinthetemperatezonesbegintoshedtheirleavesbeforewinterbecausetheycannot______.

18.Thecasesofthestudentsmentionedatthethreeschoolssuggestthattheywere______oftheirplagiarismmistakes.

A.innocentB.ignorantC.defensiveD.regretted

19.

Coupons,accordingtoDaveLieberman,aretoencouragetheconsumersto______.

20.

IfGoogleassuresprivacybydestroyinguserdata,thiswouldnegativelyinfluenceits______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B4】

22.

【B7】

23.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:MayIaskwhereAnne'sClothingStoreislocated?

W:Ofcourse.Justkeepwalkingdownforanother3blocksandit'llbeonyourrightbetweenthepostofficeandthecourthouse.

Q:Whereisthisdialogueoccurring?

(12)

A.AtAnne'sClothingStore.

B.Insideashoppingcenter.

C.Atadowntownstreet.

D.Inasuburbanresidentialdistrict.

24.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：NikkiCatsouras,the18-year-oldwomanwaskilledinacarcrash.ThebloodyphotosofherbodyandthecrashscenewerepostedontheWebfortheworldtosee,(30)raisingallsortsofquestionsaboutprivacyonline.

Nikki'sparentsfoundoutabouttheirdaughter'saccidentjustmomentsafterithappened.(31)Buttheywereforbiddenbythepolicefromseeingtheirdaughter'sbodyitwassimplytooterribleforaparenttosee.Afewdayslater,however,Nikki'smothersawpicturesofherdaughter'scrushedbodywhilesearchingforanonlinearticleaboutthecrash.TheCatsourasfamilysuedtheCaliforniapoliceforgivingthepicturesawaytoharmtheirprivacyandtheygotthecourt'ssupport.

Butwiththelawontheirside,theonline--pictureincidentcausedtheCatsourasfamilyalotofpains.Theyhadtoborrowmoneytocoverthecostoftheirlegalfees.TheyforbadeNikki'sthreeyoungersistersfromusingsocialnetworkingsites.

(32)Thenextchallengeforthefamilywillbethis:HowcantheystopthespreadoftheremainingphotospresentontheWeb?Inthemeantime,theCatsourasfamilyfeelbettertoknowthattheyareonestepclosertotheendofaseeminglyendlessnightmare."Inaperfectworld,Iwouldpushabuttonanddeleteeveryoneoftheimages,"saysNikki'smother,"Butitfeelsgoodknowingthatatleastnow,atleastinCalifornia,ourcasewillhelppreventthisfromhappeningtoanybodyelse."

(27)

A.Onlineprivacy.

B.Policeethics.

C.Familyeducation.

D.Trafficsecurity.

25.(31)

A.Bymovingaway.

B.Bycallingforhelp.

C.Byclimbing.

D.Byremainingwithitsgroup.

26.聽力原文：W:45-21-64.Bonjour(French).

M:IsthattheSaintMartineHotel?

W:Oui(French).Yes,itis.CanIhelpyou?

M:Haveyougotadoubleroomforthenightof23rdJuly?

W:Onemomentplease.I'lljusthavealook.Yes,wehavegotadoubleroomonthatdate.

M:Hasitgotadoublebedortwosingles?

W:Twosingles,monsieur,

M:Andisthatwithorwithoutbath?

W:It'saroomwithshowerandtoilet,monsieur.

M:Thatsoundsfine.IsthereaTV?

W:Couldyourepeatthat,please?

M:Isthereacolortelevisionintheroom?

W:Yes,butofcourse.Andavideo,ifyouchoose.

M:Howmuchwillitbeforonenight?

W:Aboutfourhundredfrancs.

M:Andwhatdoesthatinclude?

W:Itincludesmorningnewspapercontinentalbreakfastandservice.

M:Whereisthenearestmetro?

W:Opera,monsieur.It'sonlyfiveminutesfromhere.

M:Andisthereanextrachargeforchildren?

W:Ifthechildisundersixteenandweputanextrabedinyourroom,thechargeisseventy-fivefrancs.Doyouwanttheroom?

M:Yes,foronenight-23rdJuly.

W:Oui,monsieur.MayIhaveyourname,please?

M:Actually,it'sformywifeandtwodaughtersMrs.JeanGordon,LindaandMaggie.

W:Yes,monsieur.Soyouneedanextrabed.

(23)

A.Aroomwithasinglebed.

B.Adoubleroomwithtwosinglebeds.

C.Aroomwithadoublebedandasinglebed.

D.Adoubleroomandtwodoublebeds.

27.(32)

A.Sheisatwenty-year-oldcollegestudentatN.Y.U.

B.Sheisasophomoreandmajorsinbusiness.

C.ShehasappliedtostudyinItalyforthespringsemester.

D.Shewillpayonly18,000dollarsforoverseasclasses.

28.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.

(26)Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotrynewchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fail"atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.(27)Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtomakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.

(28)Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.

(27)

A.Becauseitsdefinitioniscomplex.

B.Becausetherearetoomanylandmarks.

C.Becauseitisajourneythatneverends.

D.Becausethedistanceistoolongtomeasure.

29.(14)

A.Givehimthering.

B.Leavetheringinthelockerroom.

C.Taketheringtothesecurityoffice.

D.Taketheringtotheadministrationbuilding.

30.(25)

A.Itisquitegeneral.

B.Mostoftheinformationheneedswillbefoundinnewspapers.

C.Shethinksheshouldchangeit.

D.Itshouldtakeaveryshorttimetofindmaterialonit.

31.聽力原文：W:I'llinviteyoutoourcountryhouseassoonasIfinishmythesis.

M:Attherateyouwrite,thatmaybenextyear:

Q:Whenisheinvited?

(19)

A.Nextyear.

B.Soon.

C.Whenshefinisheswriting.

D.Afterhevisitsher.

32.(42)

33.(33)

A.TointroducethecategoriesofbooksintheUSlibraries.

B.ToexplainrolesofdifferentUSlibraries.

C.TodefinethecirculationsystemofUSlibraries.

D.TodemonstratetheimportanceofUSlibraries.

34.聽力原文：M:Hi,Cathy!Iheardthatyou'vebeentoLondononbusinessforanumberoftimes,butneverhaveIbeentherebefore.SoIreallyneedtoaskyouafewquestionsbeforeIgothere.

W:Sure,mypleasure.

M:Whichhoteldoyourecommendtome?I'veheardmuchofHolidayInn.What'sitlike?

W:It'snicethere.It'sinthecitycenterandhasalltheusualbusinessfacilitiesabusinessmanneeds.Theyprovidefirstclassservice,Ithink.

M:Oh,good.SoI'llmakeareservationforasingleroomthere.Now,what'sthebestform.oftransporttogettothehotelfromtheairport.ShouldItakeataxi?

W:Well,youcan,butyoudon'thaveto.There'sanexcellentsubwaysystem.

M:Mmm...canyoutellmesomethingaboutthebusinesshours?Imean,whattimearethebanksopen?

W:Thehanks?Theyopenathalfpasteightandcloseatfourthirty.

M:Isee.AndaretheyopenonSaturday,too?

W:I'mafraidnot.AndI'dbetterwarnyou,theshopscloseveryearlyinLondon.Duringtheweekthey'reopenuntilhalfpastsix,butonweekendstheycloseatfour.

M:Atfour!Mygod!Now,what'stheweatherlikeatthistimeoftheyear?

W:Well,it'susuallywarmButsometimesitturnsverycoldandwet.Sodon'tforgettotakeanumbrellabeforeyouleavethehouse.Bytheway,whenareyougoingonthistrip?

M:Oh,notuntilthemiddleofthemonth.September15th,IthinkAnythingelseyouwanttoadvisemeon?

W:No,nothingIcanthinkofnow.It'saniceplace,peacefulandcalm,andthepeopletherearefriendly.I'msureyou'llenjoyyourstaythere.

(20)

A.HeisgoingtospendaholidayinLondon.

B.HeisgoingtohaveabusinesstriptoLondon.

C.HewillgotoLondonwiththewoman.

D.HeisgoingtomovetoLondon.

35.

【B11】

36.聽力原文：Themostimportantmessagethathumansdelivertooneanotheroftencomesinjustthreewords.Thinkof"Iloveyou"or"There'snocharge".OneofthephrasesthatIfoundmostusefulisthis,"I'llbethere"."I'llbethere",andifyoueverhavetocallaplumberovertheweekendyouknowhowgoodthesewordscanfeel.Ifyouheardthemafterhavingcartroubleontheroadandusedalastcointocallafriend,youknowthefeelingtoo."Grandma,I'mgraduatinginJune.""I'llbethere.""Fanny,I'mstuckintheofficeandcan'tgettotheairporttomeetmysister.""I'llbethere.""Mum,thebabycriesallnight,andifIdon'tgetsomesleepIwillperish.""I'llbethere."

OnepersonwhoreallyknowshowtobethereisElizabeth,thequeenmotherofEngland.DuringtheairattackonLondonin1940,shewasaskedwhetherthelittleprincessesElizabethandMargaretRosewouldleaveLondonfortheirsafety.TheQueenreplied"ThechildrenwouldnotleaveunlessIdo.Ishallnotleaveunlesstheirfatherdoes."TheQueenwouldnotleavethecountryatanycircumstanceshowever."I'llbethere."

Anotherthree-wordphraseisoneofthehardesttolearntosay.It's"Maybeyou'reright".Ifmorepeoplewouldsay"Maybeyou'reright",themarriageconciliatorswouldgooutofbusiness.Iknowfromexperienceitcanhaveacharmingeffectinanargument.

(30)

A.Theycanbeusedtodobusinesswithpeople.

B.Theycanbeusedtoexpressallkindsoffeelings.

C.Theycanbeusedtodeliverallthemessagesinourlife.

D.Theycanbeusedtoconveyourmostimportantmessagestopeople.

37.(17)

A.Shedecidedtobuyagoldnecklace.

B.Shedecidedtobuyapairofgoldearrings.

C.Shedecidedtobuyapairofgoldearringsandnecklace.

D.Shedecidestobuyapairofsilverearrings.

38.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Themancancomeanothertime.

B.Therewouldbemorefunwithouttheman'sroommate.

C.Itisnoproblemiftheman'sroommaterefusestocome.

D.Themancanbringtheroommatealongandenjoytheparty.

39.聽力原文：M:Youknow,I'vestudyingregularly,butI'mstillnotdoingwellinmyhistoryclass.

W:Maybeinsteadbfstudyinginyourroom,youshouldseatyourselfinaplacethathasfewerdistractions.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?

(18)

A.Findaquietplacetostudy.

B.Changetheconditionsofhisroom.

C.Findamorecomfortableplacetostudy.

D.Avoiddistractionswhilestudyinginhisroom.

40.(43)

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Anexampleofmisplacedmannersontheroadsis______.

A.slowingdowntoletakidpass

B.stoppingsuddenlyatpedestriancrossings

C.turningupsidestreetswithoutgivingsignals

D.unnecessarilygivingwaytoothercarswithoutwarningthosebehindyou

42.

【C5】

43.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatiswomen'sstereotypedroleinsociallife?

44.

【C3】

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Nowadays,nodocumentissafeanymore.Counterfeiting.oncethedomainofskilleddeceiversthatusedexpensiveengravingandprintingequipment,hasgonemainstreamsincethepriceofdesktoppublishingsystemshasdropped.Inancienttimes,counterfeitingwasahangingoffence.Today,desktopcounterfeitershavelittlereasontoworryaboutprison,becausethesystemstheyuseareubiquitous(普遍存在的)andthereisnomeansoftracingforgeddocumentstothemachinethatproducedthem.This,however,maysoonchangethankstotechnologydevelopmentbyGeorgeChiu,ananti-counterfeitingengineer.

Hisapproachisbasedondetectingimperfectionsintheprintqualityofdocuments.Old-schoolscientistswereabletotracedocumentstoparticulartypewritersbasedonquirks(構(gòu)槽)oftheindividualkeys.Heemploysasimilarapproach,exploitingthefactthattherotating(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng))drumsandmirrorsinsideaprinterareimperfectpiecesofengineeringwhichleaveuniquepatternsofbandingintheirproducts.

Althoughthesepatternsareinvisibletothenakedeye,theycanbedetectedandanalyzedbycomputerprograms,anditisthesepatternsthatDr.Chiuhasspentthepastyeardevising.Sofar,hecannottraceindividualprinters,buthecantellprettyreliablywhichmakeandmodelofprinterwasusedtocreateadocument.

That,however,isonlythebeginning.Whileitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillbepossibletotraceacounterfeitdocumentbacktoitsguiltycreatoronthebasisofmanufacturingimperfections,Dr.Chiuisnowworkingoutwaystomakethoseimperfectionsdeliberate.Hewantstomodifytheprintingprocesssothatunique,invisiblesignaturescanbeincorporatedintoeachmachineproducedwhichwouldmakeanydocumenttraceable.

Ironically,itwasafteryearsofcollaboratingwithprintingcompaniestoreducebandingandthusincreasethequalityofprints,thathecameupwiththeideaofintroducingartificialbandingthatcouldencodeidentificationinformationintoadocument.Usingthebandingpatternsofprinterstosecuredocumentswouldbebothcheaptoimplementandhard,ifnotimpossible,forthosewithout.specialistknowledgeandhardwaretoevade.

Notsurprising,theAmericanSecretServiceismonitoringtheprogressofthisresearchveryclosely,andisprovidingguidelinestohelpDr.Chiutotravelinwhattheservicethinksistherightdirection,whichisfineforcatchingcriminals.ButhowthelegitimateusersofprinterswillreacttoBigBrotherbeingabletotrackanydocumentbacktohissourceremainstobeseen.

Bysayingnodocumentissafeanymore,theauthorprobablymeans_____.

A.affordableprintersmakeitpossibleforanyonetoforgedocuments

B.theAmericanSecretServicewillbeabletotraceanydocument

C.everyprinteddocumentwillbesecretlymarkedoutthroughhigh-tech

D.counterfeitershavemoreadvancedtechnologytouse

46.Intelligenceusedtobeseenasafixedentity,somefacultyofthemindthatweallpossessandwhichdeterminesinsomewaystheextentofourachievements.SincetheIntelligenceQuotientwasrelativelyunaffectedbybadteachingoradullhomeenvironment,itremainedconstant.Itsvalue,therefore,wasapredictorofchildren'sfuturelearning.Iftheydifferedmarkedlyintheirabilitytolearncomplextasks,thenitwasclearlynecessarytoeducatethemdifferently—andtheneedfordifferenttypesofschoolandevendifferentabilitygroupswithinschoolswasobvious.

Today,wearebeginningtothinkdifferently.Inthelastfewyears,researchhasthrowndoubtontheviewthatinnateintelligencecaneverbemeasuredandontheverynatureofintelligenceitself.Perhapsmostimportant,thereisconsiderableevidencenowwhichshowsthegreatinfluenceoftheenvironmentbothonachievementandintelligence.Childrenwithpoorhomebackgroundsnotonlydolesswellintheirschoolworkandinintelligencetests—afactwhichcouldbeexplainedongeneticgrounds—buttheirperformancetendstodeteriorategraduallycomparedwiththatoftheirmorefortunateclassmates.Evidencelikethislendssupporttotheviewthatwehavetodistinguishbetweengeneticintelligenceandobservedintelligence.Anydeficiencyintheappropriategeneswillobviouslyrestrictdevelopment,nomatterhowstimulatingtheenvironment.Butwecannotobserveormeasureinnateintelligence;whereaswecanobserveandmeasuretheeffectsoftheinteractionofwhateverisinheritedwithwhateverstimulationhasbeenreceivedfromtheenvironment.Changesmayoccurinourobservationsormeasurements,iftheenvironmentischanged.Inotherwords,theIntelligenceQuotientisnotconstant.

Researchesoverthepastdecadehavebeeninvestigatingwhathappensinthisinteraction.Workinthiscountryhasshownthatparentalinterestandencouragementaremoreimportantthanthematerialcircumstancesofthehome.

Twomajorfindingshaveemergedfromthesestudies.Firstly,thatthegreaterpartofthedevelopmentofobservedintelligenceoccursintheearliestyearsoflife.50percentofmeasurableintelligenceatage17isalreadypredictablebytheageoffour.Inotherwords,deprivationinthefirstfourorfiveyearsoflifecanhavegreaterconsequencesthananyofthefollowingtwelveorsoyears.

Secondly,themostimportantfactorsintheenvironmentarelanguageandpsychologicalaspectsoftheparent-childrelationship.Muchofthedifferenceinmeasuredintelligencebetween"privileged"and"disadvantaged"childrenmaybeduetothelatter'slackofappropriateverbalstimulationandthepovertyoftheirperceptionalexperiences.

Theseresearchfindingshaveledtoarevisioninourunderstandingofthenatureofintelligence.Insteadofitbeingsomelargelyinheritedfixedpowerofthemind,wenowsecitasasetofdevelopedskillswithwhichapersoncopeswithanyenvironment.Theseskillshavetobelearnedand,indeed,thefundamentaloneislearninghowtolearn.

Whichofthefollowingmightserveasasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.Intelligence:AChangedView

B.IntelligenceandIntelligenceQuotient

C.GeneticIntelligencevsObservedIntelligence

D.InnateIntelligenceandDevelopedSkills

47.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasapossiblemeanstocopewiththecurrentsituation?

A.Createsituationsinwhichpeopleworkforthemselves.

B.Treatemploymentasthenorm.

C.Endeavortorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhoodascentersofproduction.

D.Encouragepeopletoworkincircumstancesotherthannormalworkingconditions.

48.

Unionworkerselecttheirrepresentativestomakeup______systemtoworkwithtradeunionofficials.

49.

Whatisapossiblenegativeeffectofolestraaccordingtosomecritics?

A.Itmayimpairthedigestivesystem.

B.Itmayaffecttheoverallfatintake.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofdancer.

D.Itmayspoiltheconsumers'appetite.

50.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

HostilitytoGypsieshasexistedalmostfromthetimetheyfirstappearedinEuropeinthe14thcentury.TheoriginsoftheGypsies,withlittlewrittenhistory,were【C1】______inmystery.Whatisknownnowfromcluesinthevariousdialectsoftheirlanguage,Romany,isthattheycamefromnorthernIndiatotheMiddleEastathousandyearsago,workingasminstrelsandmercenaries,metal-smithsandservants.EuropeansmisnamedthemEgyptians,soonshortenedtoGypsies.Aclansystem,basedmostlyontheirtraditionalcraftsandgeography,hasmadethemadeeply【C2】______andfractiouspeople,onlyreallyunifyinginthefaceofenmityfromnon-Gypsies,whomtheycallGadje.TodaymanyGypsyactivistsprefertobecalledRoma,whichcomesfromtheRomanywordfor"man".

InEuropetheirpersecutionbythegadjebeganquickly,withthechurchseeing【C3】______heirnomad-ism.