高考英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧推理判斷

閱讀技巧

推理判斷題推判題求考生根據(jù)文章提供的線(xiàn)索和事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性，將間接論據(jù)連貫起來(lái)，得出一個(gè)合理的結(jié)論。合，指確從文推，不讀主認(rèn)的理文章提的顯事。推判題以implyconcludelearnintendmean等詞提問(wèn)。提問(wèn)中含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，ccouldmight等和其他表示可能性的動(dòng)詞，如，most等推判題見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題形式有：1.canbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat…2.passagesuggestsimpliesthat…3.authormayprobablyagreesupport…4.Byfirstsentenceofsecondparagraph,theauthormeansTauthortobeinfavourofbeagainst…6.author’spurposewritingthispassageis…推判題解技：所謂推斷就是從已知的事情中推測(cè)未知的事情所說(shuō)的未知是指文章或作者沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)明但暗示出來(lái)或根據(jù)作提供的信息可能引出的必然性結(jié)論所以推斷類(lèi)型的題盡管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我們可以在文章中找到可供推論的依據(jù)。還有一個(gè)重要的技巧就是排除法的適當(dāng)運(yùn)用錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)的排除要靠我們對(duì)于文章事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確把握。因此我們也要相應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)于文章事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的訓(xùn)練。推判題要型針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的邏輯推斷針對(duì)主題思想、作者意圖的推斷針對(duì)作者態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等的推斷（）節(jié)理：抓住某一段話(huà)中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理結(jié)合上下文或上下句，推斷出這句話(huà)所隱含的深層含義。在推斷中，我們要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)出夠表露作者思想傾向感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。例：lookedChadwicknothingbutasolidbodyfornearlyhours.AlreadywomanswimEnglishinbothdirections.NowattheageofthefirstswimfromtotheCaliforniacoast.OnthatfourthofJulylikeanfogsocouldhardlyhersupportboats.Sharkstowardfigure,onlybyAgainstthegripofstruggledon,hourafterwhilemillionswatchedonnationaltelevision.Alongsideinboats,mothertrainerencouragement.Theytoldher’tmuchrther.allcouldwasfog.nottoquit.Sheneverhaduntilthen.onlyahalfmiletogo,sheaskedtopulledout.What“sheneverhad”intheparagraphSheneverdesperate.

neverofitup.C.Shehadneversuchthickhadacrossstrait解析上下文hernot以及withonlyamileto可以推斷出，她當(dāng)時(shí)并沒(méi)有想棄，只不過(guò)是后來(lái)情況變化了。答案：例：isnotpoker---itnotwhat,whatandyouthinktheyyouthinkmentalprocess（過(guò)程）similar.,hasbeenofinterestpeoplewhoare,goodThegreatvonthefoundersoftheoryInparticular,hethatgamesinto;therewhathegamesof‘perfectinformation’,gameslikechesstheplayerscan'tanythingorplaytricks;don'twinbychance,butbymeanslogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof‘imperfectinformationlikepoker,inwhichimpossibleinadvanceofOnebusinessthatitbeagameofperfectbusiness,gamesnormallyplaywithinformation.Businessareoftenwithfactors因素）whichwouldeverpuzzlebestfewbusinessfinditcomfortablearetakinga,andmanystilltobelievethatareplaying,notpoker.factorinagameofimperfect_______.rulesB.C.D.解析：短文第二段有這樣一段說(shuō)明：……游戲可分為兩類(lèi)，一種是被稱(chēng)為“perfect”游戲，雙方無(wú)法隱瞞進(jìn)行欺騙，他們不是靠碰巧獲勝（…theybychance。另一種則是“information的游戲，如打牌，游戲者不可能預(yù)先道他出的這一道牌是否比另一道好作者的這種表達(dá)可以推斷出”游戲獲勝的一個(gè)因素就是運(yùn)氣。因此選。（）測(cè)章觀或論推測(cè)文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論的設(shè)題形式有：）Itcanthe__________.）Whatbethe）Frompassageconcludethat__________.這類(lèi)問(wèn)題問(wèn)的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部觀點(diǎn)，可能只是文章中的某一觀點(diǎn)。但要推測(cè)出文中的某一觀點(diǎn)，仍離不開(kāi)對(duì)全文主要觀點(diǎn)或中心思想的把握。例：Doyoualwaysunderstandmedicine?youknowmeantby“Takeonlydirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandifunderstandthem.“Topain,taketwo（片）water,byonetableteighthours,asForandearlyrelief緩解疼痛）takebedtime.Donottakesixintwenty-fourForgive（Forsixyears

old,askadvice.amountifsufferfromrestlessnesssleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.ItcanbefromdirectionsthistosmallC.betakenifonebetakensix解析所的選項(xiàng)都是針對(duì)文章以要通讀全文后進(jìn)行判斷從文章第三段第二句得知，六歲以下兒童是否可用此藥需要向醫(yī)生咨詢(xún)，但并未加以禁止。因此可判斷B為正確選項(xiàng)。例“Ingeneral,writesRubininhernewbook,“’sfriendshipeachotherrestonsharedemotionsandsupport,but’srelationshipsaremarkedbysharedactivities.FortheRubin（交往emotionallycontrolled–agoodfitwithsocialrequirementsof“whenasaidafriend,Rubin“thelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.Whereasa’sclosestfemalefriendmightthetohertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasnunusualtohearmansaydidnknowhisfriend’smarriagewasseriousuntilappearedonenightaskingifhe”text,whichofofsociety?Endingwithoutreasons.timewithfriends.C.Complainingabouttrouble.outballgamesWhichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbytheparagraph?Menkeeptheirfeelingstoaremoreaboutmarriage.C.oftentaketoWomendependonmakingdecisions.答案：2.A（）測(cè)者作的態(tài)推測(cè)作者寫(xiě)作目的的設(shè)題形式有：purposeinwritingthistext__________.__________.in__________.doesmainlysay?.What’sauthors’attitudetowards________.作者態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對(duì)述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對(duì)還是猶豫不定，對(duì)記敘或描寫(xiě)的人、物或事件等是贊頌冷還是厭憎作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間流于修飾的詞之中此推斷過(guò)程中特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。我們要從作者的字里行間中找有用的提示要判斷作者本人的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)且定要與文章中所論述的容區(qū)分開(kāi)同的事實(shí)和容的者會(huì)有不同的看法和態(tài)度。

切勿用自己的主觀想法去理解試題。T-shirtsout;uniformsinSchooluniformsaremoreandmorepopularacrossU.S.A.’ssurprise,becausetheyoffermanybenefits.endthepowerfulsocialsortingandlabeling（標(biāo)記）comeIfallaredressedintheway,willnottoomuchclothing,andofwillnotlaughedatforwearingthe“wrong”clothes.ruleofschoolbuttheystudentsalreadyacceptarule—wantingtolikefriends.clothingstudentschooseforthemselvesbarriers;schooltearthosebarriersinotheruniformswearersofpurposesForexample,orwomanuniform,hebecomes,the（征）ofuniformwearerorherandsendsthesamethewearermeets.PeoplewithjobsuniformsofkindForstudents,theschooluniformthattheirforhourstheyareinschooleducation.unhappyaboutuniformswilltheirchildren“creativity.”thestudentsdoindividuality（性justhavetherestofthedaytoascreativeastheylike.Whilethey’reinschool,theirjobismasterwriting,thisshouldtakeupallthecreativitytheyMasteryofwillgoodthetocreativityineveryway.Theauthoragree.itmakeswhethertowearuniformsorB.students’individualitymaycomefromschooleducationCstudents’creativityisrelatedtotheclotheschooseuniformsamong解析者在最后總結(jié)時(shí)Masteryofthosewillbegoodfortotheircreativityineveryway.答案：D【模擬題】ASleepDR.MARJORIESEIDENFELDANSWERSYOURIhavesuchfallingasleepnightthatI’malwaystiredanditaffectingmyWhatIdo?–––MindyinOneineveryfiveyoungpeoplehasasleepproblem,soyounotalone.Gettingenoughaseatingvegetablesandexercisingregularly.’simportantfor

Mostyoungonlysevenofnight,whenactuallyneedninehours.upforlostsleepduringtheweekbysleepinginanweekendsdoesnreallywork.Inlateonactuallyyouharmthangood,ifproblems.Whathappensyoudon’tgetenoughsleep?IfyoursleepproblemcontinuesforafewyousufferseriousLackofsleepcanaffectandWorse,ifyourdifficultieslastathatordepression（郁you’vegottohavesomehealthysleephabits.Belowaresomesuggestions.GOTOBEDATTHESAME－includingweekends,ifpossible.AROUNDTHESAMEMORNINGsleeplatejustonemorningweek,itmayclock.willithardforyouDOSOMETHINGbeforegoingtoDURING.Don’texerciserightbeforegoingbed.DRINKINGALCOHOL.excited.youfromfallingoryouupduringthenight.DON’TSMOKE.Smokingalwaysbadforbody.SmokingbeforebedtimekeepsIftryingthesetipsacoupleofdoesyou,todoctor.Donottakeanypillswithoutdoctor.Manysideeffects.passage,ifsleepforfewnights,you_______.forgetfulthatpeoplewithsleepproblemsshouldexercisemakeupforsleepweekendsC.followfixedtimetableforsleepsleephoursWecanthethatgettinguponeittoasleeptogoingbedmayhelpyouasleepC.smokersandthosewhodrinkusuallyhavesleepexercisingintheeveningwillhelptoWhichofthefollowingaccordingtothepassage?SleepareseriousamongyoungSleepinglateweekendscanmakeforlostsleepC.YoureatinghabitswillbrokenlackofD.nolongeryoursleepproblemtrytipsBIfreshmaninImetcompletelyfrommyfamily,yetIfeltathomewithJaneWhiteandIherfamilywelcomedlikeInmyfamily,itwasplaceblamewhenanythingbad

“did”motherwouldadirtykitchen.“Thisisallyourfault,”wouldinsistthecatgotthedishwashertheweweremysister,ItoldoneachWeaforattable.Butthedidnworryaboutdonewhat.pickedthepiecesandmovedwiththeirbeautythishometomethedied.InJuly,sistersItotriphomeinFloridatoYork.Thetwosisters,SarahJane,werestudents,Amy,recentlyturnedsixteen.Proudofhavingnewdriver’slicense（照wasaboutherdrivingonSheshowedoffherlicensesheThesisterssharedthedrivingSarahcarduringthefirstpartoftrip,butwhentheyreachedlesscrowdedAmytakeover.Somewhereinpulledoffeat.Afterlunch,Amywheel.Shetocrossroadswithstopsign.Whethershewasnervousorjustdidnseethesignonewouldeverknow,butAmyintowithoutstopping.driverofatruck,unablestopintime,ranintoourcar.Janewaskilledimmediately.Islightlyinjured.ThedifficultthingthatI’veevertocalltheWhitestotellaboutandthatJanedied.Painfulasitwasmetoloseafriend,Iknewitwasfarworseaandarrivedfoundtwodaughtersroom.Sarahhadacutsonthehead;Amylegwasbroken.Theyhugged（抱）allandcriedtearsofsadnessofjoyatseeingdaughters.TheywipedawaythegirlstearsandafewjokesAmyaslearnedtouseher（拐杖）.theirandtoAmy,over“We’regladthatyoualive.”ILater,ItheWhiteswhytheytalkedaboutfactAmyandstopsign.“’sgone,missherterriblorwillbringButAmywholelifeaheadHowcansheleadafullandhappylifeifshefeelsweblameherforhersister’sdeath?”AmygraduatedfromtheofCaliforniagotworksteacherofdisabledstudents.She’salsoaoftwolittlegirlsofherown,oldestnamedJane.ofthepassageis_____.A.Mrs.White’snieceB.Jane’sschoolfriendC.’cousinD.Sarahfriendfromcollege2.Howdidtheauthor’sparentsdifferfromWhites?A.author’sparentswerelesscaring.B.author’sparentslessloving.

C.author’sparentslessndly.D.author’sparentswerelessunderstanding.