高考新題型專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練-語(yǔ)法填空

高考新題型專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)法填空高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空技巧和操練一、已給單詞提示題型的技巧此類題可以考查學(xué)生對(duì)單詞形式變化的掌握程度。單詞形式變化主要有兩種，一是詞的形、數(shù)、式的變化，一是詞的派生變化。在判斷出詞的變化之后還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步審題，看是否需要使用復(fù)合的變化形式，這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。技巧一：名詞形式變化。名詞的形式變化主要有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的變化。例1：Therearemanystudentslivingatschool;the_____(child)housesareallfarfromschool．由students-詞可以判斷出橫線處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)，且作為houses的定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用其所有格形式，故答案為child的復(fù)合變化形式——復(fù)數(shù)的所有格children’s。創(chuàng)新演練1.Sheisplanningtobuytwochickens,twocabbages,fourtomatoesandtwo____(loaf)ofbread.2.Thereisnoneedtotellmeyouranswernow.Giveitsome______(think)andthenletmeknow.3.Someschoolswillhavetomake_____(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.4.-Goandsaysorrytoyourmom,Dave.-I’dliketo,butI'mafraidshewon'tbehappywithmy________(apologize).5.0nmywaytomy______(uncle),Ifoundapairofleathershoeslyingontheroadside.技巧二：動(dòng)詞形式變化。動(dòng)詞的形式變化比較多，有謂語(yǔ)的變化(時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣)，有非謂語(yǔ)的變化(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)。例2：Atalk_______(give)tomorrowiswrittenbyProfessorZhang．句中的is是整句的謂語(yǔ)，所以橫線所在的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用作非謂語(yǔ)。從tomorrow可以看出，報(bào)告是“將來(lái)”作的，故用不定式；且報(bào)告是give動(dòng)作的承受者，故可以判斷出橫線所在處用give的不定式被動(dòng)式tobegiven。創(chuàng)新演練1.According

to

the

timetable,

the

train

for

London_______

(leave)

at

seven

o'clock

in

themorning

and

I_________(set)

out

for

the

station

at

five.2.This

is

Tom's

photo,

who_________(kill)

trying

to

save

an

oldlady

in

an

earthquake.

3.He_(write)

the

composition

all

the

morning

and

he_______

(be)

still.4.Mybrother

saidthat

he

would

phone

me

as

soon

as

he

arrivedabroad

but

I__(hear)

from

himtillnow.

5.

Sorry

not

to

have

noticed

you

come

in,

for

I_______(think)about

my

dead

friend.

6.In

the

museum,

visitors______(request)

not

to

touch

the

exhibits

or

they______(fine)

.

7.

Mr.

Jones

said

he________(look)into

the

possibility

of

buying

a

house

at

present.

8.Tom,

you

are

toolazy.

The

work_______

have

been

finished

yesterday.

9.-Mike

is

oftenlate

for

class.

-Tell

him

he_______

answer

for

it

if

he

goes

on

behavinglike

that.

10.

Ifhe____________

(be)

to

come

here,

he

would

tell

us

about

it.

11.

If

I

had

got

there

earlier,

I____________(meet)

Mr.

Li.

12.

___________

he

agree

togo

there,

wewould

sendhim

there.

13.

Theybegan

to

talk

warmlyas

ifthey_(know)

each

other

forlong.

14.We

are

too

busy

today.

I'd

rather

you________(go)there

tomorrow.技巧三：代詞形式變化。代詞形式變化通常是與人稱變化有關(guān)的三大類五小類，即人稱代詞(主格和賓格)、物主代詞(形容詞性和名詞性)、反身代詞。另外還有幾個(gè)不定代詞的形式變化，如noone／none、other／another等。例3：Thekingdecidedtoseethepainterby__________(he)．由介詞bv可以看出，橫線處應(yīng)填反身代詞himself。創(chuàng)新演練1.Inthiscompositionspellingmistakesstickoutwhilegrammaticalarenotsoobvious.2.TelevisionsetsmadeinNanjingarejustasgoodasmadeinShanghai.3.We'llargueaboutalotofthings,butwhencomestoquality,we'renotgoingtofightwitheach.4.Nomatterwhereweare,weshouldadapttothechangingsituation.5.Theactress'laughintheplaywasbutnatural;itwassimplytheatrical.技巧四：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)變化。英語(yǔ)中大部分形容詞和表方式的副詞都有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化。構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的方式，或通過(guò)加后綴-er和-est，或在詞前more／less和most／least，且形容詞的絕對(duì)最高級(jí)還要冠以the。例4：Iam____________(tall)thanLiuWen．Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass．此題后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的學(xué)生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“l(fā)esstall”。創(chuàng)新演練1.Theworkersinthefactoryareso________(accustom)tothenoiseofthemachinesthattheydon'tevennoticeitwhileworking.2.Tom,whoworks__________(hard)ofallthestudentsinourclass,willgoabroadnextterm.3.Youcanbelieveme.Iwill_____(absolute)standonyoursideintheelection.4.Thankyouforyourinvitation.Ihaveneverbeentoa(n)______(excite)partybefore.5.Thebusierheis,the__________(happy)hewillbe.6.Iamnotsatisfied_________hisworkatallbecauseitcan'tbeany___________(bad).7.Hewastheonlyboy____________(wake)atthetimeoftheearthquake.8._________(expect),thestudentwhoseEnglishwasthebestinourclassfailedtheexam.9.Obviously,Tomisbyfar___________(good)studentofthetwo.技巧五：數(shù)詞形式變化。數(shù)詞的形式變化包括基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞，或加后綴一teen、．th的變化，甚至還有作分母用的序數(shù)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，以及one／two的特殊變化形式once／twice例5：TomythreesonsIleavemyseventeenhorses．Myeldestsonshalltakeahalf,mysecondsonshalltakea______(three)．從上下文連續(xù)起來(lái)理解，這是一個(gè)分馬的計(jì)劃，大兒子分得ahalf，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二兒子應(yīng)該得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序數(shù)詞“third”才能命中目標(biāo)。創(chuàng)新演練1.Scientistsbelievethattheremustbe________(hundred)ofheavenlybodiesintheuniversewherehumanbeingsorsomethinglikehumanbeingsmayexist.2.Expertssaythree_____(five)oftheocean'scoralswillextinctbythemiddleofthecenturyifnothingisdonetosavethem.技巧六：詞的派生。詞的派生現(xiàn)象在英語(yǔ)單詞中是很常見(jiàn)的，派生現(xiàn)象主要發(fā)生在名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞四種詞中。這種題型還有可能檢測(cè)學(xué)生對(duì)詞根、前后綴、派生詞的掌握。例6：Liouslosthiswalletyesterday，Sohewasvery____(happiness)．13.

__________

seems

to

be

something

wrong

with

the

machine.

14.Tell

your

teachers

the

problem

withlearning,

_________

theywill

help

you.

15.Onlyafter

the

accident______

she

realize

how

serious

the

situation

had

been.

16.

______

fast

did

they

walk

that

I

could

not

keep

up

with

them.

17.It

was

onlyafter

he

had

readthe

papers_________

Mr.

Gross

realized

the

task

before

him

was

extremely

difficult

to

complete.

18.

Not

once__________

it

occur

to

Michael

that

he

could

one

day

become

a

top

student

in

his

class.19.

________

was

not

until

near

the

end

of

theletter

that

she

mentioned

her

own

plan.

20.lfyou

go

to

the

cinema

tonight·,_

sha1l

I.

I

am

free

tonight.

21.

_________

bad

news

it

is!

We

can't

go

to

Hainan

for

our

holiday

this

summer

vacation.

22.There

is

now

some

hope

of

there__________(be)

a

settlement

of

the

dispute.技巧九：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是以動(dòng)詞為中心的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，此類短語(yǔ)中往往是動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞連用的多些。例11：TheUSAconsists____fiftystates．根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，美國(guó)由50個(gè)州組成，故橫線處與前一詞組合，表示“由??組成”，所以答案是of。例12：MrsBakerwasill，soherdaughterhadtoaskforleavetotake_____ofher．生病需要人照顧，所以答案是care，與前后詞構(gòu)成takecareof。創(chuàng)新演練1.Incontrasttothepreviousapproachofferinglow-costmodelsforthemarket,Chinesecarmakersarefocusingdisplayingalternativeenergy-drivenvehiclestomeetenvironmentalconcerns.2.Thegirlwhowaslatethepartyyesterdayeveningisill.3.Theprettygirlisknownthepublicalittlefilmstarherexcellentperformanceinafilm.4.TheSilkRoadEconomicBeltistobeestablishedtheancientSilkRoadtraderoute.5.Thevalueofthepoundhasfallenanewlowagainstthedollar,whichisworthlessinexchangedollarsthaneverbefore.6.

Yesterdayafter

along

walk,

mylegs

gave_____

and

couldn't

go

any

further.

7.

In

spite

ofthe

fact

thatthe

necklace

is

not

made

of

real

crystal,

it

still

appeals___youngladies.技巧十：短語(yǔ)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。短語(yǔ)介詞即多個(gè)詞的組合起介詞作用的短語(yǔ)，如：exceptfor，dueto等。例13：MrSmithtookaplanetoLondon____oftakingatrain．此題中說(shuō)到兩種交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案為instead，以構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)insteadof。例14：Justthen，hesawablackboardin_____ofhim．細(xì)心觀察，可以看出填人front即可構(gòu)成infrontof，此題得解。技巧十一：冠詞、介詞和常用的副詞。冠詞只能是在a，an，the之間判斷；常用的介詞有in，at，on，before，during等，通?？疾楣潭ù钆?；副詞的量還是比較多，如：however，never，yet，much等．ly形式的方式副詞(見(jiàn)技巧六——形容詞派生副詞的情況)。例17：Jackielikestodriveat____highspeed．這里考查的是不定冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，答案為a，構(gòu)成atahighspeed，“以高速”開(kāi)車。例18：OldTom’sgranddaughterusedtovisithim_____Saturdayafternoon．Saturdayafternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介詞in，而用on才是正解。例19：ThoughLiuQiangdidthesamework___ZhangWendid，hegotalowerpay______ZhangWen．第一條橫線可由前面的thesame斷出用as，第二條橫線則可由lower斷出比較意義，故答案為than。例20：Itwasonlyonedayleft,_____，hisfatherhadnoideatoanswerhim．觀察上下句，可以看出是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且橫線與前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，排除but，所以答案是however。創(chuàng)新演練1.OnMay13,2015,Chinesegovernmentannouncednationalholidayforthisyear'scelebrationof70thanniversaryofthevictoryinWorldWarII.2.Itmaybe_____lastbookyou'lleverbuy.Andcertainly,fromapracticalstandpoint,itwillbe_____onlybookyou'11everneed.3.-HowaboutChristmaseveningparty?-Ishouldsayitwassuccess.4.-IlikeQingdaosomuch.I’dliketovisitithereandthere.-Youcanhirebicyclebyhourtogoaroundcity.5.Jane'sgrandmotherwantedtowritechildren'sbook,buttherewasalwaysonethingoranotherinway.技巧十二：上下文中出現(xiàn)的相關(guān)詞。這一招是最為靈活的，但也是最難的。學(xué)生可以根據(jù)上下文關(guān)系和自己積累的知識(shí)，填入某個(gè)已出現(xiàn)的詞，或其反義詞，或其同類的某個(gè)詞。答案的線索可能在本句，可能出現(xiàn)在上下相連的一句，還可能出現(xiàn)在比較遠(yuǎn)的地方——上下段中與此段位置大體相當(dāng)?shù)木渥?。如果該橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的首句，則線索可能在上下段的首句；如果橫線出現(xiàn)在某段的末句，則線索可能在上下段的末句，以此類推。例21：Tony____travellingabroad，butdislikesstayinghomewatchingTV．由第二句話中的dislikes可以判斷，此橫線處應(yīng)該是填其反義詞likes。真題回放Cloze12015.新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷一 ItwasraininglightlywhenI__61__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__62__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__63_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.

I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_64__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65__(painting).Instead,I’dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__66_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.

Yangshuo__67__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_68__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit___(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_70__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.Cloze22015.新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷二 Theadobedwellings(土坯房）___61___(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven___62___

mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__63___(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout___64__（use）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__65___（slow）duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__66_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:__67__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle

__68__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__69__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__70__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.模擬練習(xí)Cloze1M:Goodmorning.IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?W:Well,Iwanttoapplyforacreditcard,butIknow___1___aboutit.Canyougivemesomeinstructions?M:Sure.Itisvery____2___(help)tofamilies,andit’sveryconvenient____3___(use)thecreditcard.AnyATMprovides24-houronlineservice.Youcanmakecashwithdrawals,checkaccounts,amendcipher,etc.W:CanIbuythingswith___4___?M:Ofcourse.Inourcity’sdowntownarea,almostallbigandmiddle-sizeddepartment____5__(store),supermarkets,hotelsandrestaurantsofferthecreditcardpayment____6___(service).W:Sound