托?；A(chǔ)語(yǔ)法公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

三大從句第1頁(yè)三大類從句名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句形容詞性從句定語(yǔ)從句副詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句第2頁(yè)名詞性從句名詞可以做什么成分？主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)第3頁(yè)兩大類連接詞1.that+S+V+… 只起到引導(dǎo)作用 不充當(dāng)成分 自身無詞義 省略？？2.wh- what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether 充當(dāng)成分 不能省略 句子語(yǔ)序第4頁(yè)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句規(guī)律：名詞性從句理解問題wh-/howwhat+S+V -----SV內(nèi)容： whathesaidwhere+S+V -----SV地點(diǎn)： whereIstay第5頁(yè)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句when+S+V -----SV時(shí)間：

whenJackleftwhyS+V ----SV原因

whyJennyrefusedForrest第6頁(yè)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句how+S+V----SV方式；S怎樣地V howstudentsshouldbehavehowmuchS+V ----SV程度； S在多大程度上V； S有多么地V

howmuchIloveyou第7頁(yè)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句whether+S+V----S與否V Whetherheestothepartyornotisnoneofmybusiness.第8頁(yè)主語(yǔ)從句-that連接詞Thathesurvivedintheearthquakeisamiracle.Hesurvivedintheearthquake.Xisamiracle.ThatBilldivorcedJulietisnotsurprising.BilldivorcedJuliet.Xisnotsurprising.主語(yǔ)從句中that連接詞不能省略?。?！第9頁(yè)That引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句后置防止頭重腳輕+尾部焦點(diǎn)原則1.It+be+adj.+that-從句Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.Itwasobviousthatshedidnotwanttoe.Itisstrangethatheknowsnothingaboutit.第10頁(yè)寫作練習(xí)假如一種社會(huì)想要進(jìn)步，拋棄老式很必要。Itisimportantthat…important/essential/vital/crucial/significant/進(jìn)步——makeprogress拋棄老式——rejecttraditionsItisessentialthatasocietyshouldrejectitstraditions,ifitwantstomakeprogress.第11頁(yè)That引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句后置2.It+be+n.+that-從句Itisapitythathecannotswim.It’sawonderthatheisstillalive.Itwasadisappointmenttoyourmotherthatyoufailedtheexam.第12頁(yè)寫作練習(xí)保護(hù)和推廣自己國(guó)家歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)是年青一代不可防止任務(wù)。Itisanunavoidabletaskthat…保護(hù)和推廣——conserveandpromote國(guó)家歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)——nationalhistoricalandculturalheritages年青一代——younggenerationsItisanunavoidabletaskthattheyounggenerationsconserveandpromotetheirnationalhistoricalandculturalheritages.第13頁(yè)That引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句后置3.It+be+v-ed+that-從句規(guī)律：it背面跟動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，再接that從句無主語(yǔ)，理解成“據(jù)。。?！盜tissaidthattherehasbeenanearthquakeinIndia.Itisreportedthattheenemytroopshavecrossedtheborder.“人們”作主語(yǔ)，進(jìn)行積極理解；或者直接砍掉，做必然理解ItisbelievedthatJapaneseareweird.Itwasrumouredthathewassufferingfromakidneystone.ItmustbepointedoutthatEnglishisactuallynotdifficult.第14頁(yè)寫作練習(xí)人們普遍認(rèn)為國(guó)際旅游業(yè)增進(jìn)了跨文化交流。Itiswidelyacceptedthat…國(guó)際旅游業(yè)——internationaltourism增進(jìn)——promote跨文化交流——cross-culturalmunicationItiswidelyacceptedthatinternationaltourismhaspromotedcross-culturalmunication.第15頁(yè)That引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句后置4.It+vi.+that-從句；It+vt.+O+that-從句Ithappenedthatshewasnotinthatday. 碰巧Itturnedoutthatsheusedtobeaman. 成果是Itoccurredtomethatperhapsshewaslying. 忽然想起Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan. 我忽然想起(strike)第16頁(yè)寫作練習(xí)父母和教育家認(rèn)為，電視“成功”阻礙了孩子心剪發(fā)展。Itoccurstoparentsandeducatorsthat…asuccessfuldestroyer心剪發(fā)展——mentaldevelopmentItoccurstoparentsandeducatorsthatTVhasbeenasuccessfuldestroyerofchildren’smentaldevelopment.第17頁(yè)主語(yǔ)從句特殊疑問詞what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——不能用if第18頁(yè)人們與否應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)搅四骋荒挲g就應(yīng)當(dāng)被強(qiáng)制退休是一種公眾話題。atacertainagebeforcedtoretire公眾話題——publicfocusWhetherpeopleshouldbeforcedtoretireatacertainagehasbeenapubicfocus.第19頁(yè)找到可以處理我們?cè)絹碓蕉嗬胤绞窃S多政府都非常頭疼一件事。處理——disposeofheadacheWherewecandisposeoftheincreasingrubbishisagreatheadachetomanygovernments.第20頁(yè)表達(dá)“越來越”寫作升級(jí)(1)mounting+n. ※mounting修飾名詞n.為 抽象、不可數(shù)名詞 Eg.mountingprice/criticism/plaint/praise第21頁(yè)表達(dá)“越來越”寫作升級(jí)(2)ever+adj.比較級(jí)： TheEnglishexamisbeingevermoredifficult.第22頁(yè)表達(dá)“越來越”寫作升級(jí)(3)increasing ①修飾可數(shù)名詞： anincreasingnumberof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) ②修飾不可數(shù)名詞： anincreasingamountof+不可數(shù)名詞 ③修飾形容詞：increasingly+adj. TheEnglishexamisbeing increasinglydifficult.第23頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)從句that類連接詞Expertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.不充當(dāng)成分只起到連接作用可以省略第24頁(yè)wh-連接詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)Iwonderwhyhedeservedhiswell-paidposition.介詞賓語(yǔ)Thatwilldependonwhereweshallgo.不定式賓語(yǔ)Armedwithatorch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.第25頁(yè)賓語(yǔ)從句特殊疑問詞what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——可以用if第26頁(yè)說到教育，大部分人認(rèn)為其是終身學(xué)習(xí)。Whenitesto…themajorityof…alifetimestudyWhenitestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplebelievethatitisalifetimestudy.第27頁(yè)他們聲稱，通過補(bǔ)習(xí)，孩子可以獲得諸多實(shí)踐技能和有用知識(shí)。補(bǔ)習(xí)——extrastudies聲稱——claim,maintainobtain,gainpracticalskillsusefulknowledgeByextrastudies,theymaintainedthattheirchildrenareabletoobtainmanykindsofpracticalskillsandusefulknowledge.第28頁(yè)一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，許多農(nóng)民工認(rèn)為在都市打工不僅有較高收入，并且能學(xué)到某些新技術(shù)。show/demonstratefarmerlaborers/ruralemigrantsAninvestigationshowsthatmanyruralemigrantsconsiderthatworkingatcitiescanprovidethemwithnotonlyahighsalarybutalsotheopportunitytolearnnewskills.第29頁(yè)我想懂得，這個(gè)做法與否經(jīng)得起推敲。經(jīng)得起推敲——bearcloseranalysisIwonderwhether/ifthispracticecanbearcloseranalysis.第30頁(yè)表語(yǔ)從句that類連接詞Thetruthisthathelacksthedecisivenesstobealeader.WhatIdislikeaboutthedealisthatitisreallydishonest.不充當(dāng)成分只起到連接作用不可以省略第31頁(yè)表語(yǔ)從句——wh-類連接詞what,who,whom,which,where,when,why,how,whether——不能用if第32頁(yè)Theking’sconcerniswhowillsucceedtohisthrone.Thequestionputforwardbytheconsultantiswhatthemanagementistodowiththeworker’sstrike.第33頁(yè)其中一種爭(zhēng)論問題是一種人與否應(yīng)選擇舒適衣服，而不管是不是時(shí)尚。Oneofthequestionsunderdebate不管——regardlessofOneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhetherapersonshouldchoosefortableclothes,regardlessoffashion.第34頁(yè)被某些人忽視是，國(guó)際旅游也許會(huì)給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和歷史帶來劫難性影響。Whatsomepeoplefailtosee…劫難性——disastrousimpactWhatsomepeoplefailtoseeisthatinternationaltourismmaybringaboutadisastrousimpactonourenvironmentandlocalhistory.第35頁(yè)同位語(yǔ)從句諸多（抽象）名詞后可以跟that引導(dǎo)從句，闡明其詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，這樣從句就是同位語(yǔ)從句。Thereisnodoubtthathewasanexcellentscholar.Hewasconsciousofthefactthatshedidnotapproveofwhathewasdoing.Wereceivedamessagethathewouldbeabsent.第36頁(yè)同位語(yǔ)從句舉例Wehaveproofthatthismanmittedthecrime.Ihaveexpressedtheopinionthatshecanact.Ihadtheimpressionthatshechoseherwordswithcare.第37頁(yè)背面常常跟同位語(yǔ)從句名詞doubt,fact,message,proof,opinion,hopes,impression,evidence,idea,belief,feeling,conclusion,rumour,report,possibility,guarantee,thought,assurance,news,story,order,etc.第38頁(yè)毫無疑問，需求增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致了價(jià)格上漲。Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnodoubtthattheincreaseindemandleadstotheriseinprices.第39頁(yè)當(dāng)今年輕人以自我為中心、對(duì)人冷漠和不顧及他人這樣事實(shí)，在很大程度上是孩童時(shí)期父母對(duì)他們過度縱容成果。self-centeredindifferenceinconsiderateThefactthatyoungpeoplenowadaysareself-centered，indifferentandinconsiderateislargelytheouteofparentaloverindulgence.第40頁(yè)沒有人能否認(rèn)這一重要事實(shí)：近來幾年交通問題在全世界受到了普遍關(guān)注。Noonecandenytheessentialfactthat…thetrafficproblemoverthelastyearshasattractedwidepublicconcernallovertheworld.第41頁(yè)定語(yǔ)從句在句子中作為定語(yǔ)，修飾一種名詞或代詞“……人”“……東西”先行詞——連接詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,that,which,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why被修飾名詞或者代詞第42頁(yè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(1)1.who,whom,that替代人Youngpeoplewhoabusetheiragedparentsshouldbecondemned.Youngpeopleshouldbecondemned.Youngpeopleabusetheiragedparents.Youngpeople,abusingtheiragedparentsshouldbecondemned.第43頁(yè)養(yǎng)寵物可以把孩子變成具有同情心人。Petraising同情心——caringmindturn…intoPetraisingcanturnchildrenintocitizenswhohaveacaringmind.第44頁(yè)先行詞作賓語(yǔ)Thegirlswhoheemploysarealwaysplainingabouttheirpay.Thegirlsarealwaysplainingabouttheirpay.Heemploysthegirls.第45頁(yè)先行詞作賓語(yǔ)ThemanwithwhomIwastravellingdidnotspeakEnglish.ThemandidnotspeakEnglish.Iwastravellingwiththeman.第46頁(yè)醫(yī)生對(duì)病人說謊，病人也許活得更長(zhǎng)。enjoyalongerlifewhitelieApatientmayenjoyalongerlife.Doctorstellwhiteliestoapatient.Apatienttowhomdoctorstellwhiteliesmayenjoyalongerlife.第47頁(yè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(2)2.whose,在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),可以指人，也可以指物Youngsterswhosemindsarecorruptedbypornographiccontentsarehighlylikelytogoastray.Hesawahousewhosewindowwereallbroken.第48頁(yè)醫(yī)生會(huì)進(jìn)退兩難，假如他病人身患癌癥。beinadilemmagetcancerAdoctorwhosepatientgetscancerwillbeinadilemma.第49頁(yè)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(3)3.which,that替代物Itisavirtuouscoursetoprovidethepoorwithgoodjobsthatallowthemtosupporttheirfamilies.第50頁(yè)廣告上出現(xiàn)具有欺騙性、誤導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容受到劇烈批評(píng)。cheatingandmisleadingadsandmercialsCheatingandmisleadingmaterials,whichappearinadsandmercials,havebeenstronglycriticized.第51頁(yè)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句1.引導(dǎo)一種定語(yǔ)從句2.在從句中成分——狀語(yǔ)where–地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)when–時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)why–原因狀語(yǔ)3.關(guān)系副詞=prep.+關(guān)系代詞第52頁(yè)Thisisthehotelwherewestayedlastsummer.Westayedinthehotellastsummer.where=inwhich第53頁(yè)Thereareoccasionswhenonemustlie.Thereareoccasions.Onemustlieonoccasion.when=onwhichThereareoccasionsonwhichonemustlie.第54頁(yè)Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresounhappy?why=forwhichCanyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouaresounhappy?第55頁(yè)這就是富國(guó)拒絕協(xié)助窮國(guó)理由。Thisisthereason…why;forwhichThisisthereasonwhyrichcountriesrefusetoaidtheirpoorcounterparts.第56頁(yè)限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句ThebeautyoverthereisYH’sgirlfriendwhodressesinred.ThebeautyoverthereisYH’sgirlfriend,whodressesinred.規(guī)律：非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，理解成插入語(yǔ)，或者直接刪除；限定性要翻譯理解成明確定語(yǔ)。第57頁(yè)名詞后that引導(dǎo)從句名詞背面跟隨that引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，一般有兩種也許：（1）that引起定語(yǔ)從句，該名詞是先行詞，在背面句子中充當(dāng)成分，一般是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；（2）that引起同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋闡明該名詞詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。第58頁(yè)名詞后that從句判斷原則判斷原則有兩個(gè)：第一，看名詞。假如that前面名詞是詳細(xì)名詞，那么that從句一般是定語(yǔ)從句；假如that前面名詞是抽象名詞，那么that從句一般是同位語(yǔ)從句。第59頁(yè)名詞后that從句判斷原則第二，看從句。假如從句中缺乏成分，一定是定語(yǔ)從句，而that在從句中充當(dāng)就是那個(gè)缺乏成分，一般是主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)；假如從句內(nèi)容完整，一般是同位語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中沒有詞意，只起到引導(dǎo)作用。第60頁(yè)名詞后that從句判斷原則第三，看先行詞和從句關(guān)系同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞是同等關(guān)系；定語(yǔ)從句是用來修飾先行詞，是從屬關(guān)系。第61頁(yè)狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句是行使?fàn)钫Z(yǔ)功能從句， 其作用相稱于副詞，因此也稱為副詞性從句。第62頁(yè)狀語(yǔ)從句種類：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句成果狀語(yǔ)從句目狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句第63頁(yè)1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常見引導(dǎo)詞：

when,while,as,before,aftersince,untilassoonas;hardly…when;scarcely…when第64頁(yè)當(dāng)有許多措施可以替代動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)時(shí)候，就沒有必要在動(dòng)物身上進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)了。alternativesItisunnecessaryto..Itisunnecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimalswhenthereareanumberofalternatives.第65頁(yè)一旦食物鏈斷裂，整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)就會(huì)永久被變化。foodchain/webecosystemAssoonasthefoodchainisbroken,thewholeecosystemcouldbeforeverchanged.第66頁(yè)2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where,wherever有人類地方，野生動(dòng)物都被迫離開。Wildanimalsareforcedtoleavewhereverthereishumanity.第67頁(yè)3、原因狀語(yǔ)從句該從句表達(dá)原因,作原因狀語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞包括:because,as,since,nowthat,considering(that)第68頁(yè)because由于有目旳人獲得成功，由于他們方向明確。Peoplewithgoalssucceedbecausetheyknowwheretheyaregoing.第69頁(yè)as/since/for由于Asyouweren’tthere,Ileftamessage.Iwillseektobalancecareerandfamilysincebothareimportanttome.Iwilllaughforthisisthegreatsecretoflonglife.第70頁(yè)nowthat由于.既然可以和since換用Nowthatyou’vepassedthetestyoucandriveonyourown.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremembertheincident.第71頁(yè)considering(that)

考慮到考慮到計(jì)劃還沒有實(shí)行，會(huì)議取消了。實(shí)行——carryoutTheconferencewascancelledconsideringthattheplanhasnotbeencarriedout.第72頁(yè)4、成果狀語(yǔ)從句該從句表到達(dá)果，作成果狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞包括：so…that,such…that第73頁(yè)so/such…that

如此…以至于Youthissowonderfulthatitisacrimetowasteit.Mostpeoplepursuepleasurewithsuchbreathlesshastethattheyhurrypastit.第74頁(yè)5、條件狀語(yǔ)從句該從句表達(dá)條件，作條件狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞包括：if,unless,incase,aslongas(solongas)assumingsuppose(supposing),provided(providing),第75頁(yè)if假如Justimaginehowhorribletheworldwouldbe，ifhumansaretheonlycreatureintheworld.第76頁(yè)unless除非，假如不在意義上，相稱于if…not要記?。杭偃鐩]有百分之百把握就不要承諾任何事情。Don’tpromiseanythingunlessyouare100percentsure.第77頁(yè)incase假如要記?。杭偃缒闶×?，不要灰心。要繼續(xù)努力。Incaseyoufail,don’tbediscouraged.Keeptrying.第78頁(yè)as/solongas只要，假如要記?。褐灰幌⑸写妫揖鸵獔?jiān)持。Solongasthereisbreathinme,Ishallpersist.第79頁(yè)suppose(supposing)假如和if同義Suppose(supposing)youmakesomemistakes,itisnottheendoftheworld.第80頁(yè)provided(providing)假如和if同義Providedthatyouhavethemoneyinyouraccount,youcanwithdrawupto$1000aday.第81頁(yè)6、目狀語(yǔ)從句該從句表達(dá)目，作目狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞包括：sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat第82頁(yè)inorderthat/sothatHeleftearlyinorderthatheshould/would/might/arriveontime.第83頁(yè)lest,incase,forfearthat以防，以免Imustconcentrateonaction,lest/incase/forfearthatIwitherindespair.我們必須專注于行動(dòng)，以免在絕望中消沉下去。第84頁(yè)7、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句該句表達(dá)讓步關(guān)系，作讓步狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞包括：although,though,whileevenif,eventhough,nomatter(what,who,which,when,where,how)whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however第85頁(yè)although/though/while

盡管,雖然although語(yǔ)氣較重盡管世界充斥苦難，但苦難總是可以克服。Althoughtheworldisfullofsufferings,theycanalwaysbeovere.盡管勝利并不重要，但努力去獲勝卻很重要。Whilewinningisnoteverything,tryingtowiniseverything.第86頁(yè)although/though雖然有時(shí)可以作evenif解釋Iwouldnotmarryyoualthough/thoughyouwerethelastmanonearth.第87頁(yè)evenif/eventhough雖然，縱然Evenif

youtakeataxi,you’llstillmissyourtrain.Eventhoughyouapologize,shewillmaynotforgiveyou.第88頁(yè)nomatter…

what,who,which,how,when,where=whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,whereverWhereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillberightherewaitingforyou.RightHereWaiting此情可待第89