2019寶山二模英語試卷含答案

寶山區(qū)2018學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期中

高三英語學(xué)科教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)控試卷（時間120分鐘，分值140分）2019年4月考生注意：.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.ThursdaysandFridays. B.TuesdaysandFridays.C.TuesdaysandThursdays. D.Tuesdays,ThursdaysandFridays.A.Hersister's. B.HerAunt's.C.Hermother's. D.Herbrother's.A.Helpthecompanychoosegraduatestudents.Contactthecomputercompanynextweek.Getapart-timejoboncampusbeforegraduation.Applyforajobinthecomputercompany.A.Seeadoctorassoonaspossible.Stayinbedforafewdays.Gettreatmentinabetterhospital.Makeaphonecalltothedoctor.A.Shepickedupthebookfromthebusfloor.Sheisabletohelpthemanout.Shealsoneedsanextratextbook.Shecanfindtherightpersontohelptheman.A.Themanislateforthetripbecauseheisbusy.ThewomanisgladtomeetMr.Browninperson.ThemanismeetingthewomanonbehalfofMr.Brown.ThewomanfeelssorrythatMr.Brownisunabletocome.A.Shethinksthemanistootiredtogotothemovie.Shereallywantstogotothemovie.Shewouldliketogototheclasswiththeman.Shedoesnotwanttogotothemovie.A.Shedoesn'tremembermuchaboutHangzhou.ShehasneverbeentoHangzhoubefore.Sheknowssomeoneelsewhocouldhelphim.She'dbeveryhappytotalklothemanlater.A.ThemansawMarkonthestreettwomonthsago.ThewomanhadforgottenMark'sphonenumber.ThewomanmadeaphonecallloMarkyesterday.Markandthewomanhadn'tbeenintouchforsometime.A.Shehasteamedalotfromthenovel.Shealsofoundtheplotdifficulttofollow.Shehasdifficultyrememberingnames.Sherecalledthenamesofcharactersinthenovel.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Hewillbeanintelligentstudent.Hewillscorebetterinexams.Hemaynotbeanintelligentstudent.Hewillnotbeagoodstudent.A.Throughhisteachers.Throughhisdeedsintheclassroom.D.Throughhisreactiontodifferentsituations.Throughhisappearance.A.Nottojudgeaboyonlybyhistakingnotes.Nottomakethemistakeofthinkingayoungmanstupid.Nottooverestimateastudent'sintelligence.Nottojudgeaperson'sintelligencebyhisappearance.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Youcanincreaseyourhappinesslevelsbyattendingtheclasses.Mostofusarehappierthanourparentssincewecamemore.Earnmorethanyoucanifyouwanttobehappy.BothBillGatesandKerryPackerarerichbutunhappy.A.Alwaysthinkhighlyofyourselfandhelpothers.Compareyourselftoafamousperson.Compareyourselftopeoplewhoareinferiortoyou.Earnmorethanyourbankaccount.A.Happinessiseverything.Wealthisthefoundationofhappiness.Funisanotherformofhappiness.Moneydoesn'talwaysmeanhappiness.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Becausethereweretoomanyvehiclesontheroad.Becausethedriverinfrontofhercausedanaccident.Becauseshealmostgotintoanaccidentthismorning.Becausethedriversdidn'tusepolitemannerswhiledrivingA.Hedoesn'tcaremuchaboutit.Hepaysspecialattentiontoit.It,sjustforinexperienceddrivers.It'sreallyabigdealtohim.A.Hethoughtshewasmindfulofotherdrivers.Hereallyfeltverygratefulwhenheheardit.Hebecametooangrytokeepcalmforthat.Hethoughtsheshouldn,thavesaidlikethat.A.Buyacar.Changeherjob.Takebusoften.Learndrivingetiquette.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Curiosityispartofhumannature.Childrenarefamousforwantinganswers_21—tonsofquestions.Peoplekeepreadingorwatching_22—theywanttofindoutwhathappens.Butcuriosityalsoprovidesmanypracticalbenefits.Learningiseasiestifyouhaveagenuinedesireforknowledge.Curiositycancreatethatdesirewhenyouhaveaquestion.Manyofhistorygreatestdiscoveries_23—(make)bycuriouspeople.Peoplewondered—24—processesworkedorhowcertaintaskscouldbedonemoreeffectively.Thankstotheircuriosity,peoplenowknowfarmoreabouttheworldandhaveusefultechnology_25—(help)them.Evenifyoudon'tplantobeaninventorofresearcher,curiositycanstillhelpyouintheclassroom.Ifyoudevelopthejoyoflearning,classeswillbecomemorefun.Andyou'llexcelbecauseyouwillbefullyengagedintheprocessoflearning.Evenifyou'renolongerastudent,curiositywillmakeyoubetter_26—(inform)andthusamorecapableworker.Whatdoyoudoifyou'renotalreadycurious?Fortunately,curiosityisaskillthatcanbeimproved.Ifyouactlikeyou'recurious,you'llquicklystarttoactuallyfeelcurious.Often,themoreyoulearnaboutatopicthe—27—(interesting)itbecomes.Asyoulearnaboutatopic,gatherinformationfromasmanysourcesaspossible.Readavarietyofbooks,watchorlistentolecturesandaskquestions.Don'talwaysgetyourinformationfromthesamesource.Instead,learntoappreciatefactsthatdifferentpeopleknowandthedifferentopinions_28—theyexpress.Askalotofquestions,Remember,everyoneknows_29—thatyoudon't.Findoutwhatthatis,andaskaboutit.Thisletsyoulearnsomethingandmakestheotherpersonhappybylettingthemshowofftheirknowledge.Intheclassroomoroutofit,—30—(develop)curiosityissuretobeworthwhile.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.accessingB.nonessentialC.apparentD.technologyE.assignedF.contactG.particularlyH.addictionI.associatedJ.automaticallyK.contributingWhenwasthelasttimethatyoudialedaphonenumberfrommemory?Itprobablydependsonhowlongyou'vebeenusing_31—likeacellphone.Whilesomegenerationscanrecallthedaysofmemorizingphonenumbers,it'spossiblethatmembersofGenerationZhaveneverhadtorememberasingle_32—.Whyisthis?Becausesmartphonesofferquickandconvenientwaysforstoringand_33—information.Thereisnoneedtomemorizeanything.Butthisisn'twithoutconsequence.Asdigitaldevicesdevelop,moreandmoreusers'heavyrelianceonthemmaybehavingdisablingeffects."Digitaldementia失智)"isthetermbeingusedbymedicalprofessionalstoidentifysomeoftheseeffects.SomeprofessionalslikeJimKwik,anexpertinmemoryimprovementandoptimalbrainperformance,aretakingacloserlookatthiseffect.Kwikdescribesdigitaldementialikethis:"...we're_34—ourbrainstooursmartdevices.We'resoreliantonoursmartphonesthatoursmartphonesaremakingusstupid.Asmedicalstudieschartthedeclineinmemoryandcognitiveskillsamongsmartphoneusers,aconnectionismadebetweensymptoms_35—withdementia."Theseriousnessofoverusebecomes_36—whenyouconsiderjusthowyoungsmartphoneusersarebecoming.AuthorandspeakerSimonSinekpointsoutthatyoungminds"Arenotreadyforit!Theirmindscannotcopewiththedopamine（多巴胺）."Consequently,theoverstimulationofscreensandsoundsleadto_37—moreoftenthannot.Sonowparents,teachersandmanagersareaskinghowtohandletheinflux（:匚集）ofyoungpeoplewiththiskindofaddiction.?First,monitoryourcellphoneuse.KeepdownloadingapplicationslikeForestorChecky.Thencutbackonany_38—usage.Setaspecificgoalofhowmuchyouthinkyoushoulduseyourphone.? Determine_39—areasforcellphoneuse.Forexample,whileyou'reathome,onlyallowyourselftocheckyourphonesomewherelikeahomeoffice.Thisway,thetimeinbetweentasksisn't 40_filledwithstaringatyourscreen.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Serendipity-anunexpecteddelight-isthewordthatcomestomindwhendescribingtheseven-dayhikemywifeandIrecentlydidinthewildandundevelopednorthwestcoastofGalicia,Spain.Simply—41—,anyonewhoisadventurous,lovestravelingtoEuropeandisfitenoughtodo10-milehikesshouldseriouslyconsiderdoingthishike.Beforethisexperience,IhadneverheardaboutOnFootHolidaysprogramsthatallowhikerstogoattheirownpace,withmapsanddetailedhiking_42—,butwithoutaguideorothertravelers,whilestillenjoyingahighleveloflocalsupport.What_43—caughtmyattentionwasanannouncementaboutOnFootHolidays'newesthike,theLighthouseWay,whichtheydescribedasajourneyalong"thelast_44—coastofEurope."Thisparticularhikesoundedbothchallengingandrewardingenoughto_45—atry.OnFootHolidaysbookedourlodgingeachnightand_46—ataxitotakeourbaggagetothenextdestination,sowejusthadtocarryourdaypackessentials.Eachdaywe_47—orspokewiththecompany'slocalexpertwhowasavailable_48—emergency,butwhosemainfunctionwastokeepusinformedaboutthedailyweatherforecastandtomakespecialtaxiarrangementswhenwedecidedto—49—acoupleof14-milehikestolessthan10miles.The_50—ofthetrailsandscenerymadeeveryhikeadelight.Oneofourhikesfollowedanarrowtrailalongasteep,rockycliff_51—thesteel-bluewatersoftheAtlanticOceanthatthrashagainstjaggedrockshundredsoffeetbelowus.Westoppedto5picnicandwatchtheonlylivingthingswesawthatwholeday:aherdofgoatsaboveus,andagroupofdolphinsjumpinginthewavesbelow.Inthedistance,manyofmountainpeaks_52—sparklingwindturbines（渦輪機）likecandlesonacake.Silenceandlonelinesswerethefeaturesofeachday'saccommodation.Theonlysoundsweheardwerebirdssinging,thewindblowingthroughtreesorthewavesbreakingagainsttheshoreline.Theairwascleanandthetemperaturebrisk,withfrequent_53—ofcloudy,cool,windyandrainyweatherinterspersed（點綴）withgloriousburstsofsunshine.Therewasremarkablylittlelitter,theexceptionbeingspotsalongtheshorewhereoceancurrents—54—mostlyfishingitems.MywifeandIrealizedthatwearepilgrimssearchingformeaning,awarenessandjoyonourjourneythroughlife,andourGalicianhiking_55—hadmovedusfurtherdownthatpathinwayswewon'tforget.41.A.lostB.movedC.urgedD.put42.A.stringsB.instructionsC.devicesD.materials43.A.initiallyB.graduallyC.smoothlyD.firmly44.A.recommendedB.developedC.unspoiledD.discovered45.A.warrantB.provideC.imagineD.evaluate46.A.preparedforB.arrangedforC.paidforD.turnedto47.A.negotiatedB.discussedC.contactedD.texted48.A.inadditiontoB.inneedofC.incaseofD.infavorof49.A.shortenB.extendC.decreaseD.expand50.A.appearanceB.varietyC.characterD.route51.A.displayingB.reflectingC.followingD.overlooking52.A.establishedB.lightenedC.sportedD.structured53.A.changesB.intervalsC.adaptionsD.interactions54.A.stretchedB.withdrawnC.floatedD.deposited55.A.experienceB.techniqueC.investigationD.experimentSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Manypeopleprefereatingoutinsteadofcookingathome.Achangeappearstobetakingplace,though,andmillennialsareleadingtheway.Accordingtoonesurvey,moreyoungpeoplearestartingtocookathomeforthreebasicreasons:Theycansavemoney,eathealthyandwastelessfood.PopularTVchefsarealsogettingmillennialsexcitedaboutlearningsomebasiccookingskills.Manymillennialsviewcookingasaformofentertainmentandself-expression.TheyproudlypostpicturesoftheircookingcreationsonFacebookorInstagram,andinvitefriendsovertosharethecookingexperience.Manymillennialshavealsofoundwaystoavoidwastingfood.Afterroastingachicken,theyputtheleftoverboneintheirfreezerinsteadofthegarbagecan.Later,theyusethebonestomakechickenstockwhichisanimportantingredientinmanydishes.Theyalsohatethrowingoutfruitthat'stooold.Toavoidthatsituation,theybakeripefruitlikeberriesandbananasfor15minutesat175degreesC.Thentheyfreezeitovernight.Afterthat,theyplacethefruitinplasticbagsandstoreittheirfreezerforlateruse.Nowanymillennialsonlyeatatrestaurantsthathaveexcellentfood-wastepolicies.Theseservantsuseeverypartofthevegetablestheybuy,includingtheirstemsandroots,indishes.Theyalsousebeef,chickenandporkbonestomaketheirownstock.Millennialsalsoreducefoodwastebyonlybuyingwhattheyrequire.Beforegoingtoamarket,theywritedownwhattheyneedanddon'tbuyanythingelse.Thiswaytheywon'tpurchasemorefoodthantheycanconsume.Whatisthemainsubjectofthisarticle?Acookingtrendthathasattractedmillennials.Aplanthatmillennialshavefordonatingfood.Anovelcookingtechniquethatmillennialslike.Afoodproductionsystemfavoredbymillennials.Whatdomillennialswithfruitbeforefreezingit?Mixitwithotheringredientsinabowl.Carefullyremovetheskinandseedsfromit.Useasharpknifetochopitupintopieces.Putitinanovenatthepropertemperature.Accordingtothisarticle,whendomillennialsmakecarefulchoices?WhentheydineouttogetherWheytheyvoteforcandidatesWhentheychooseanemployerWhentheyplantanewgardenAccordingtothisarticle,howdomillennialsavoidpurchasingtoomuchfood?Theyselectsmallcansandpackages.Theyprepareapracticalshoppinglist.Theyleavetheircreditcardsathome.Theyweighproducebeforebuyingit.

(B)Familiesshouldreduceexposuretosyntheticchemicalsfoundinfoodcolorings,preservativesandpackagingmaterialsasagrowingbodyofresearchshowstheymayharmchildren'shealth,accordingtoapolicystatementandtechnicalreportfromtheAmericanAcademyofPediastricsreleasedonline.Thestatementalsosuggestsimprovementstothefoodadditivesregulatorysystem,includingupdatingthescientificfoundationoftheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration'ssafetyassessmentretestingallpreviouslyapprovedchemicals.LeonardTrasande,theauthorofthepolicystatement,totellusmoreabouttheseconcerns.Q:Whatarethegrowingnumberofstudiesshowingus?A:Overthepasttwodecades,anaccumulatingbodyofsciencesuggestssomefoodadditivescaninterferewithachild'shormones,growthanddevelopment.Potentiallyharmfuleffectsoffoodadditivesareofspecialconcernforchildrenbecausetheyaremoresensitivetochemicalexposuresbecausetheyeatanddrinkmorerelativetobodyweight,thanadultsdoandarestillgrowinganddeveloping.Anearlyinjurytotheirorgansystemscanhavelifelongandpermanentconsequences.Q:Whatadditivesdoesthestatementhighlight?A:Theadditivesofmostconcern,basedonrisingresearchevidencecitedinthereport,include:?Bisphenols,suchasBPA,usedtohardenplasticcontainersandlinemetalcans,canactlikeestrogen(雌激素)inthebodywhichmaypotentiallychangethetimingofpuberty,decreasefertility,increasebodyfatandaffectthenervousandimmunesystems.BPAisnowbannedinbabybottles.?Phthalates,whichmakeplasticandvinyltubesusedinindustrialfoodproductionflexible,mayaffectmalegenitaldevelopmentincreasechildhoodobesityandcontributetocardiovasculardisease.In2017,theConsumerProductSafetyCommissionbannedtheuseorsomephthalatesinchild-careproductssuchasteethingrings.Whyaresomeadditiveslikeartificialcolorsbannedinsomecountries,butnotintheU.S.?Inregardstochemicalsfoundinourfood,thelawsoriginallyputinplacewerethoughttobeenoughtoprotectourhealth.Sincethen,sciencehassuggestedthatthecurrentframeworkdoesnotworktoprotectusadequately.TheU.S.allowstheuseofmorethan10,000additivestopreserve,package,ormodifythetaste,appearance,texture,ornutrientsinfoods.Manyweregrandfatheredinforapprovalduringthe1950s,androughly1,000additivesareusedundera"GenerallyRecognizedasSafe"designationprocessthat8

doesn'trequireFDAapproval.Inthereport,weurgeanumberofstepsthatcanbetakensuchasmoreregulationonthesideoftheFDA.Somewouldrequirechangestothelaws,whileotherscanbedonebytheFDA.AccordingtotheAmericanAcademyofPediatric'sreport,peopleshould_tocopewiththeproblemoffoodadditives.trytoavoidfoodadditivesindailylifeandreviserelevantrulesonfoodadditivesupdatethefoodsafetyassessmentprogramandchecktheapprovedchemicalsagainimprovethefoodadditivesregulatorysystemandretestallapprovedchemicalsreducetheusageoffoodadditivesandestablishnewfoodprotectionsystemLeonardoTrasandeholdstheviewthatfoodadditivesdomoreharmtochildrenthanadultsbecausestudyshows.childrenaremoresensitivetowhattheyeatanddrinkthanadultschildrenusuallyeatanddrinkmoreunhealthyfoodthanadultschildrenarejusttooyoungandweaktoprotectthemselveschildren'sorgansareeasiertobedamagedandhardtorecoverHowmanyspecifickindsofharmfuleffectcausedbytheadditivesarementionedinthepassage?A.2 B.7 C.8 D.3（C）Thekoalaisanunusualcreature.NativetoAustraliaandabitbiggerthanarabbit,itspendsmostofitstimeineucalyptustrees（桉樹）,feedingonleavesthatarepoisonoustonearlyeveryotheranimalontheplanet.Thekoalasleepsabout22hoursadayandspendstheremainderofitstimeeatingandrestingItmightspend10minutesadaymoving,expertssay,usuallyfromonetreetoanother.Ithasasoftpadattheendofitsspineandextrathickfuronitsrearendtomaketheeffort,ofsittingmorecomfortable.ThreatsandprotectivemeasuresTheuniquelifestyleofthekoalahashelpeditprosper,buttodaythecuteandiconiccreatureisfacingthreatsfromhabitatloss,diseaseandachangingclimate.Koalapopulationsareexpectedtodeclineby50percentinthenext20yearsaccordingtotheAustralianMuseum.Tohelpprotecttheseanimals,whichbringinanestimated$1.1billiontoAustraliaeachyearthroughkoala-relatedtourism,aninternationalteamofresearchershaspublishedthefirstcompletegenome（基因組）ofthekoala.Theirhopeisthatthekeystothemarsupial's（有袋動物）long-termsurvivalmightbeplantedinitsgeneticcode.9"Theultimategoalisthatwewon'thaveto…rescuethemfromtheedgeofextinction,"saidRebeccaJohnsonoftheAustralianMuseumResearchInstituteinSydney,wholedthework."Nowwehaveareallygoodunderstandingofthekoalagenome,andweareinafantasticpositiontousethatknowledgetohelpusmanagethem."EarlyfindingsAnelementaryanalysisofthekoala'sgenome,publishedinNatureGenetics,hasalreadyyieldedsomeinterestingfindings.Forexample,theauthorsfoundthat,comparedtoothermammals,thekoala'sDNAincludesanexpansioninthenumberofgenesthatencodeforenzymesinvolvedinanti-poison.Thatallowsthemtohaveadietthatdependsalmostentirelyoneucalyplusleaveswhichareunusuallyhighinpoison.However,italsomeansthatkoalasmetabolize（代謝）medicineslikeanti-chlamydiaantibioticsfasterthanotheranimals.Thekoalagenomealsorevealedwhykoalasaresuchfamouslypickyeaters.Theyareknowntoconsumeleavesfromjust20ofAustralia's60knowneucalyplusspecies.Andevenwhentheyareinoneoftheirpreferredtrees,koalastakeleafselectionveryseriously.InformationwaitingtobediscoveredJohnsonsaidthattheinformationencodedinthekoala'sDNAisalreadybeingincludedinmanagementstrategiesbyconservationgroups.However,shesaidthefindingsdescribedinthenewpaperrepresenttheearlystagesofwhatcanbegleamedfromthemarsupial'sgenome."Thedataispublic,andIwouldloveforanyonetostartminingitandseewhatotheramazingthingstheycanfind,"shesaid."Onceyouhaveagenomeofthisquality,thesky'sthelimitwithwhatyoucandowithit."Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?TheresearchontheKoala'sDNAhaspreventeditsextinctionsuccessfully.ScientistsaretryingtorescueKoalasbyprovidingmoreeucalyptusleaves.Koala'sextinctionisbeingcontrolledeffectivelyinAustralia.ScientistsaretryingtofindawaybasedonKoala'sgenetosavethem.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Koalascandigestpoisonousleavesthankstotheirgene.Koalasareparticularaboutleavesbecauseoftheirtaste.Koalasarebeingextinctjustduetohuman'sactivities.Koalaswillmovetoothercontinentsinordertosurvive.10"Thesky'sthelimit"inthelastsentencemostprobablymeans .TheskyistherestrictionTheskyistoohightoreachThereisnolimitThereisnopossibilityThepassageismainlyabout—.Koala-aSpecialCreatureinAustraliascientificresearchonKoalasscientificeffortstosavetheKoalasKoala'sCharactersandPreferenceSectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Cleaningyourcommunitywillhaveapositiveeffectonothersinsociety.Theyfindaneedoranissueyoureallycareabout.Buttheybelongtothecommunity,too.Livinginacleanneighborhoodwillbeitsownreward.Don'thesitatetotakepartinthecommunity'sactivity.Roundupsomereaders.Canjustonepersonmakeadifference?Youbet!Inacommunityeverypersoncounts,andgettinginvolvedisnotdifficult.Takestockofyourowntalentsandinterests.67.Don'twaitforsomeoneelsetoactfirst.Taketheinitiative!Onceyouseewhatyoucanaccomplish,you'llwanttokeepgoing.Herearejustafewwaystomakeadifferenceinyourcommunity.Howmanymorewayscanyoucomeupwith?Cleanupthecommunity.Peopleoftenthrowlitterinplaceswherethereisalreadylitter.Andtheproblemonlybecomesworseuntilsomeonegetsfedupanddoessomething.Couldyourneighborhooduseacleanup?Neighborhoodcleanupsareoftensponsoredbylocalbusinessesorschools.Butifyourcommunitydoesn'thaveacleanupprogram,gettogetherwithfriendstoorganizeone.Youcouldpickupgarbageinalargerareatwiceayear,oryoucouldcleanasmallerareaeveryfewmonths.68_Includetheisolated.Doyouknowanyonewhoishousebound?Almostallneighborhoodshaveafewpeoplewhohavetostayattheirhomes.Thesepeopleareoftenelderlyandunabletoleavetheirhomestoperformsimpletasks.69.Bylettingthem"borrow"yourlegsandeyes,youcanmakethemfeelincluded.Youcanrunerrandsforthemlikeshoppingorpayingbills.Theymightlikeyoutoread11tothemiftheireyesightisfailing.Governmentsprovidesomeoftheservicesthesepeopleneed,butprogramscannotgivethemfriendship;that'swhatcommunitiesarefor!70.ReadingclubsarepopularalloverEuropeandNorthAmerica.Membersmightreadathometopreparefordiscussion,ortheymightreadaloudtoeachotherandtalkaboutwhattheyjustread.Eitherway,abookorarticlecansparklivelydiscussionandthisoftenchallengespeopletotakeaction.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Smallbusinessesholdthekeytoemployedhappiness.Asthecalendarflipstoanotheryear,manyemployees'willconsiderstartingthenewyearonthehuntforanewjob.Intoday'schangingworkforce,itismoreimportantthaneverforcompaniestorealizethatasalaryaloneisnolongerenoughtoattractorretainstrongemployees.AccordingtoasurveybyAflac,smallbusinessdeservearoundofapplausefortheirabilitytokeepemployeeshappy.Thereportfoundthat85percentofsmall-businessemployeesarehappyintheircurrentjob,andmorethanhalf(51percent)agreethatmostoforalloftheirhappinessintheircurrentjobisaresultofworkingforasmallbusiness.Nearlyaquarterofparticipants(23percent)statedthatthefeelingofimportancewasthebestpartofworkingforasmallbusiness.Smallbusinesseshavetheuniqueabilitytomakeemployeesfeelappreciated,respectedandvaluedonapersonalandprofessionallevel.Inasmall-businessenvironment,therearetypicallyfewerlayersbetweennewcomersandleadership.Thistight-knitstructurecancreateafamily-likeatmospherethatallowsemployeestofeelthattheiropinionsmatterandthattheyplayasignificantroleinthebusiness'smission.Flexibilityisalsovitalincreatingemployeehappiness.Accordingtothereport,30percentofrespondentsnotedthatflexibleschedulingwasthebestpartofworkingforasmallbusiness.Aworkplacethatpromoteshealthywork-lifebalancecancreatehappier,lessstressedemployeesandcanalsoincreaseproductivity.Althoughsmallbusinessexcelatkeepingemployeeshappy,thereisalwaysroomforimprovement.Inasmall-businesscommunity,moneydoesnotseemtobetheonlymotivator.Infact,65percentofsmall-businessemployeesindicatethatanimproveme