學(xué)術(shù)綜合英語(yǔ)羅立勝

學(xué)術(shù)綜合英語(yǔ)羅立勝第1頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartASectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformationTollRoad

Atollroad(ortollway,turnpike,pike,tollhighwayoranexpresstollroute)isaprivatelyorpubliclybuiltroadforwhichadriverpaysatoll(afee)foruse.Structuresforwhichtollsarechargedincludetollbridges

andtolltunnels.Non-tollroadsarefinancedusingothersourcesofrevenue,mosttypicallyfueltaxorgeneraltaxfunds.Thebuildingorfacilityinwhichatolliscollectedmaybecalledatollbooth,tollPre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENING第2頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformationplaza,

tollstation,tollbarortollgate.Thisbuildingisusuallyfoundoneithersideofabridgeandatexits.Threesystemsoftollroadsexist:open(withmainlinebarriertollplazas);closed(withentry/exittolls)andall-electronictollcollection(notollbooths,onlyelectronictollcollectiongantriesatentrancesandexits,oratstrategiclocationsonthemainlineoftheroad).Tollroadshavebeencriticizedasbeinginefficientinthreeways:1.Theyrequirevehiclestostoporslowdown,manualtollcollectionwastestimeandraisesvehicleoperatingcosts.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENING第3頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation

2.Collectioncostscanabsorbuptoone-thirdofrevenues,andrevenuetheftisconsideredtobecomparativelyeasy.3.Wherethetolledroadsarelesscongestedthantheparallel“free”roads,thetrafficdiversionresultingfromthetollsincreasescongestionontheroadsystemandreducesitsusefulness.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENING第4頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionA

tollbridgestollbridges:

abridgeoverwhichtrafficmaypassuponpaymentofatoll,orfeePartAPartBLISTENING第5頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionA

fueltaxfueltax:

(alsoknownasapetrol,gasolineorgastax,orasafuelduty)anexcisetaximposedonthesaleoffuelPartAPartBLISTENING第6頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionA.NewWordsandExpressionsboomingtrade 興旺的貿(mào)易immigrant 外來移民linktogether 連接起來turnpike 收費(fèi)路fee 費(fèi)vehicle 車輛，機(jī)動(dòng)車Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackground

InformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENING第7頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionAListenTask1Listentothelectureandtrytogetitsmainideasbytakingnotes.Fillintheblanksaccordingtoyournotes.Thelectureismainlyabout.2.Thetwoimportantagriculturalproductsareand.3.IntheEastthey.IntheSouththey.4.Advantagesofroads:and.5.Purposeforroadbuilding:therelationshipbetweenroadbuildingandeconomicdevelopmentgrain_______cotton_______grewgrain____________grewcotton_____________fast_____convenient____________totransportgrainandcotton_______________________________________________________________________________________________________Pre-listeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBListeningLISTENING第8頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六Task2.1Listentothelectureagainandtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions.1.About300yearsago,whathelpedtheUnitedStates’economygrowrapidly?Aboomingtradeingrainandcotton.2.Whywasthereabigdemandforgrainduringtheperiodfrom1700to1800?BecauseoftherapidlygrowingpopulationandthelargenumberofimmigrantsfromEurope.Pre-listeningListeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBLISTENING第9頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六Task2.23.HowwascottonoutputincreasedintheSouthatthattime?ThefarmersgotlaborersfromAfrica.4.Whydidtradingfirsttakeplacealongthecoast,andnearriversandlakes?Becauseitwaseasyandcheaptotransportgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.5.Whatdidsomeprivatecompaniesdoasfarasroadbuildingwasconcerned?Theybuiltroadsandcollectedfees.Pre-listeningListeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBLISTENING第10頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六ScriptRoadBuildingGoodmorning,everyone.TodayI’llbetalkingabouttherelationshipbetweenroadbuildingandthedevelopmentoftheAmericaneconomyduringthe18thcentury.About300yearsago,theUnitedStates’economywasgrowingrapidly,mainlybecauseofaboomingtradeintwoimportantagriculturalproducts:grainandcotton.GrainoutputintheeasternpartofAmericaincreasedquicklyatthattimeduetotherapidlygrowingpopulationandthelargenumberofimmigrantsfromEurope.Asaresult,thedemandforgrainalmostdoubled.PartAPartBLISTENING第11頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六ScriptForthisreason,thetradeingrainfirstdevelopedinthispartofthecountry.Atthesametime,theroadsystemwasgraduallybuiltupinordertotransportthegrainfromtheruralareastovariouscities.Theroadbuildingclearlyhelpeddeveloptheeconomyquicklyintheseareasandinthecitiesaswell.Duringthesameperiod,farmersintheSouthcouldgetalargeamountoflaborersfromAfrica,andtheystartedtogrowcotton.Asthecottonoutputincreased,thefarmersneededtosellitinotherplaces.Asaresult,manyroadswerebuilttolinktheruralareastothecities.PartAPartBLISTENING第12頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六ScriptAtfirst,thistradeofgrainandcottontookplacealongthecoast,ornearriversandlakes.Ittookplacetherebecauseitwaseasyandcheaptotransportgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Before1700,itwasveryexpensivetomovethegoodsbyroad.So,farmershadtorelymainlyonriverstomovetheircropstomarkets.Atthattime,therewasonlyonecontinuousroadthatexistedintheUS.Itranfromnorthtosouthalongcountryroads,whichwerelinkedtogethertomakeonelongroad.Withinashorttime,thefirsteast-to-westroadswerebuilt.Theywerecalledturnpikes.Privatecompaniesbuilttheseroadsandcollectedfeesfromallvehiclesthattraveledonthem.PartAPartBLISTENING第13頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六ScriptEventually,becauseoftheboomingtradeofgrainandcotton,anetworkofroadwayswascompletedthatconnectedsomemajorcitiesandtowns.Althoughtravelingwasstillcostlyforfarmers,theysoonpreferredtomovetheircropstocitiesandotherareasonroadwaysratherthanbyboatbecauseitwasfasterandmoreconvenient.SoherewecanseearatherclearpictureofroadbuildingintheUnitedStatesanditsimpactoneconomicdevelopmentduringthatperiod.PartAPartBLISTENING第14頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六Script2RoadBuildingGoodmorning,everyone.TodayI’llbetalkingabouttherelationshipbetweenroadbuildingandthedevelopmentoftheAmericaneconomyduringthe18thcentury.About300yearsago,theUnitedStates’economywasgrowingrapidly,mainlybecauseofaboomingtradeintwoimportantagriculturalproducts:grainandcotton.GrainoutputintheeasternpartofAmericaincreasedquicklyatthattimeduetotherapidlygrowingpopulationandthelargenumberofimmigrantsfromEurope.Asaresult,thedemandforgrainalmostdoubled.PartAPartBLISTENING第15頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六ScriptForthisreason,thetradeingrainfirstdevelopedinthispartofthecountry.Atthesametime,theroadsystemwasgraduallybuiltupinordertotransportthegrainfromtheruralareastovariouscities.Theroadbuildingclearlyhelpeddeveloptheeconomyquicklyintheseareasandinthecitiesaswell.Duringthesameperiod,farmersintheSouthcouldgetalargeamountoflaborersfromAfrica,andtheystartedtogrowcotton.Asthecottonoutputincreased,thefarmersneededtosellitinotherplaces.Asaresult,manyroadswerebuilttolinktheruralareastothecities.PartAPartBLISTENING第16頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六ScriptAtfirst,thistradeofgrainandcottontookplacealongthecoast,ornearriversandlakes.Ittookplacetherebecauseitwaseasyandcheaptotransportgoodsfromoneplacetoanother.Before1700,itwasveryexpensivetomovethegoodsbyroad.So,farmershadtorelymainlyonriverstomovetheircropstomarkets.Atthattime,therewasonlyonecontinuousroadthatexistedintheUS.Itranfromnorthtosouthalongcountryroads,whichwerelinkedtogethertomakeonelongroad.Withinashorttime,thefirsteast-to-westroadswerebuilt.Theywerecalledturnpikes.Privatecompaniesbuilttheseroadsandcollectedfeesfromallvehiclesthattraveledonthem.PartAPartBLISTENING第17頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六ScriptEventually,becauseoftheboomingtradeofgrainandcotton,anetworkofroadwayswascompletedthatconnectedsomemajorcitiesandtowns.Althoughtravelingwasstillcostlyforfarmers,theysoonpreferredtomovetheircropstocitiesandotherareasonroadwaysratherthanbyboatbecauseitwasfasterandmoreconvenient.SoherewecanseearatherclearpictureofroadbuildingintheUnitedStatesanditsimpactoneconomicdevelopmentduringthatperiod.PartAPartBLISTENING第18頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionBBackgroundInformationLakeItascaLakeItascaisasmallglaciallake,approximately4.7km2inarea,intheLakeDistrictofNorthwesternMinnesota.Ithasanaveragedepthof6.1－10.7m,andis449.6mabovesealevel.ItisthesourceoftheMississippiRiverwhichflows3,765.9kmtotheGulfofMexico;however,theexactpointcannotbelocated,becausetherearemanysmalltributariesandmarshyareasthatdrainintotheMississippiwatershed.HenrySchoolcraftidentifiedLakeItascaastheriver’ssourcein1832.Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBLISTENING第19頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-P.2MinnesotaMinnesotaisastateintheMidwestoftheUnitedStates.ThetwelfthlargeststatebyareaintheU.S.,itisthetwenty-firstmostpopulous,with5.27millionresidents.Knownasthe“Landof10,000Lakes”,thestate’snamecomesfromaDakotawordfor“sky-tintedwater”.Thosewaters,togetherwithforests,parks,andwildernessareas,offerresidentsandtouristsavarietyofoutdoorrecreationalopportunities.ThetallestbuildinginMinnesotaTheUniversityofMinnesotaPre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBLISTENING第20頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-P.3ThelargemajorityofresidentsareofGermanorNordicdescent,butethnicdiversityhasincreasedinrecentdecades.SubstantialinfluxesofAfrican,Asian,andLatinAmericanimmigrantshavejoinedthedescendantsofEuropeanimmigrantsandtheoriginalNativeAmericaninhabitants.Thestateisknownforitsmoderatetoprogressivepoliticsandsocialpolicies,civicinvolvement,andhighvoterturnout.Minnesotaranksamongthehealthieststates,andhasahighlyliteratepopulation.Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBLISTENING第21頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-P.NewWordsandExpressionsLakeItasca 艾塔斯卡湖Minnesota 明尼蘇達(dá)州

tributary 支流

interior 內(nèi)陸，內(nèi)地

gulf 海灣

floodway 泄洪道，分洪道levee 堤岸reservoir 水庫(kù)harness 治理hydroelectric 水力發(fā)電的

Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBLISTENING第22頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六Task1AprofessorisgoingtotalkabouttheMississippiRiver.TheMississippiRiverPre-listeningListeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBLISTENING第23頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六Task1Listentothelectureandtrytogetitsmainideasbytakingnotes.Fillintheblanksaccordingtoyournotes.TheoriginoftheMississippiRiver:

2.ThetotallengthoftheMississippiRiver:3.TheproblemcausedbytheMississippiRiver:4.Thefourwaystocontrolfloodwaters:

5.Thetwofunctionsofreservoirs:LakeItascainMinnesota____________________________about4,000km__________________floodinginsummer_____________________floodways,dams,leveesandreservoirs____________________________________________holdingwaterandgeneratingelectricity_____________________________________________Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsLISTENING第24頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六Task2Listentothelectureagainandtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions.HowmanystatesdoestheMississippiRiverdrain?

2.FromwheretowheredoestheMississippiRiverflow?3.Howdothefloodwayswork?31U.S.states.ItflowsfromtheNorthtotheGulfofMexico.Theyareemptychannels.WhentheMississippiistoohigh,thefloodwaysareopenedandsomeofthewatercanflowintothefloodways.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsLISTENING第25頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六Task24.Whatarelevees?

5.Duetothefoureffectivewaysmentionedinthelecture,sincewhenhasthehugefloodnotbrokenout?Theyareearthenwallsbuiltalongsideariver,holdingthewaterandkeepingitfromoverflowing.Sincethe20thcentury.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsLISTENING第26頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1ScriptTheMississippiRiverinAmericaGoodafternoon.Todaywe’regoingtotalkabouttheMississippiRiver.TheMississippiRiveristhelargestriveroftheNorthAmerica.Itsmajortributariesdrainanareaofapproximately3,000,000squarekilometers,oraboutone-eighthoftheentirecontinent.TheMississippiRiverliesentirelyintheUnitedStates.FromitssourceatLakeItascainMinnesota,itflowsfromtheNorthalmostduesouthacrossthecontinentalinterior,collectingthewatersofitsmajortributaries,downtotheGulfofMexico.TheMightyMississippi,asitisaffectionatelyknown,flowsatotaldistanceabout4,000kilometersfromitssource.PartAPartBLISTENING第27頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1ScriptWithitstributaries,theMississippidrainsallorpartof31U.S.statesandtwoCanadianprovinces.Aseveryoneknows,inthepasttheriverwasthemostimportantwayoftransportinggoodsfromtheNorthtotheSouth,orfromtheSouthtotheNorthintheUnitedStates.TheMississippiRiverisalsoariverthatcansometimesgetoutofcontrolandcauseseriousfloodinginsummer.Nowadaysengineersusefourdifferentmethodstocontrolthefloodwatersoftheriver.Thesefourwaysare:floodways,dams,leveesandreservoirs.I’lldiscusseachofthesehere.LISTENING第28頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1ScriptFloodwaysarethefirstwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiver.Floodwaysareemptychannelsreadytoholdwaterfromtheriver.WhentheMississippiRiveristoohigh,thefloodwaysareopenedandsomeofthewatercanflowintothefloodways.ThereareseveralfloodwaysalongthelowerMississippiRiver,whichhelppreventfloodingeffectively.ThesecondwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiveriswithdams.Damsarewallsthatarebuiltacrossarivertocontrolthewater.Therearemorethan30damsontheMississippiRiver.Damscontrolthewaterbyholdingthewaterbehindthemuntiladecisionismadetoreleaseit.LISTENING第29頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1ScriptLeveesareathirdwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiver.Leveesareearthenwallsbuiltalongsideariver.Theyholdthewaterintheriverandkeepitfromcoveringthelandbesidetheriver.Therearemorethan2,000milesofleveesalongtheMississippiRiver.Inthe19thand20thcenturies,severalreservoirswerebuiltalongtheMississippiRivertoharnessthewater.Theyhavetwofunctions.Oneistoholdwater,andtheotheristogenerateelectricitythroughhydroelectricpowerstations.Sincethe20thcentury,nohugefloodhasbrokenoutoftheMississippiRiver.LISTENING第30頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1Script2TheMississippiRiverinAmericaGoodafternoon.Todaywe’regoingtotalkabouttheMississippiRiver.TheMississippiRiveristhelargestriveroftheNorthAmerica.Itsmajortributariesdrainanareaofapproximately3,000,000squarekilometers,oraboutone-eighthoftheentirecontinent.TheMississippiRiverliesentirelyintheUnitedStates.FromitssourceatLakeItascainMinnesota,itflowsfromtheNorthalmostduesouthacrossthecontinentalinterior,collectingthewatersofitsmajortributaries,downtotheGulfofMexico.TheMightyMississippi,asitisaffectionatelyknown,flowsatotaldistanceabout4,000kilometersfromitssource.PartAPartBLISTENING第31頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1ScriptWithitstributaries,theMississippidrainsallorpartof31U.S.statesandtwoCanadianprovinces.Aseveryoneknows,inthepasttheriverwasthemostimportantwayoftransportinggoodsfromtheNorthtotheSouth,orfromtheSouthtotheNorthintheUnitedStates.TheMississippiRiverisalsoariverthatcansometimesgetoutofcontrolandcauseseriousfloodinginsummer.Nowadaysengineersusefourdifferentmethodstocontrolthefloodwatersoftheriver.Thesefourwaysare:floodways,dams,leveesandreservoirs.I’lldiscusseachofthesehere.LISTENING第32頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1ScriptFloodwaysarethefirstwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiver.Floodwaysareemptychannelsreadytoholdwaterfromtheriver.WhentheMississippiRiveristoohigh,thefloodwaysareopenedandsomeofthewatercanflowintothefloodways.ThereareseveralfloodwaysalongthelowerMississippiRiver,whichhelppreventfloodingeffectively.ThesecondwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiveriswithdams.Damsarewallsthatarebuiltacrossarivertocontrolthewater.Therearemorethan30damsontheMississippiRiver.Damscontrolthewaterbyholdingthewaterbehindthemuntiladecisionismadetoreleaseit.LISTENING第33頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六L-B-L.1ScriptLeveesareathirdwayofcontrollingthefloodwatersoftheMississippiRiver.Leveesareearthenwallsbuiltalongsideariver.Theyholdthewaterintheriverandkeepitfromcoveringthelandbesidetheriver.Therearemorethan2,000milesofleveesalongtheMississippiRiver.Inthe19thand20thcenturies,severalreservoirswerebuiltalongtheMississippiRivertoharnessthewater.Theyhavetwofunctions.Oneistoholdwater,andtheotheristogenerateelectricitythroughhydroelectricpowerstations.Sincethe20thcentury,nohugefloodhasbrokenoutoftheMississippiRiver.LISTENING第34頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionBBackgroundInformation_glaciallakeglaciallake:lakewithoriginsinameltedglacierPartAPartBLISTENING第35頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六SectionBBackgroundInformation_MinnesotaTerritoryMinnesotaTerritory:anorganizedincorporatedterritoryoftheUnitedStatesthatexistedfromMarch3,1849,toMay11,1858whentheeasternportionoftheterritorywasadmittedtotheUnionastheStateofMinnesota. PartAPartBLISTENING第36頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.1Formpairsandanswerthefollowingquestions.Afterabriefdiscussion,somestudentswillbeinvitedtopresenttheirideasinfrontoftheclass.1.

Youneedtotravelfromyourhometoaplace50kmaway.Comparethedifferentmeansoftransportationyoucoulduse,anddecidewhichoneyouwouldchoose.Givespecificreasonsforyourchoice.

PairWorkSPEAKING第37頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.22.Proposesomewaystopreventpollution.PairWorkSPEAKING第38頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.2IfIneedtotraveltoaplace50kmawayfromhome,thereareanumberofdifferentmodesoftransportIcouldutilize,forexample,takingthebus,drivingacar,ortravellingbytrain.TakingabusisagoodchoiceasthebussysteminBeijinghasbeenwell-developed.Itispossibleformetotravelalmostanywherewithin50kmofmyhousebybus.Whileonthebus,Icanreadabook,orrelax,assumingitisnottoocrowded.Theproblem,however,isthatitisoftencrowdedanduncomfortable,especiallyduringhotsummerdays.PairWorkSPEAKING第39頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.2Drivingacarisanexcellentoption,assumingoneownsacar.CarsaremoderatelyexpensiveinChina,andmoreandmorepeoplenowcanaffordtoenjoythisluxury.Whenavailable,acarisaveryconvenientmeansoftransport.Youcantraveltotheexactdesiredlocationinarelativelyshorttime.Acar,especiallyapersonalcar,israrelycrowded.However,onecannotrelaxwhiledriving.Thereisnoopportunitytojusttakeinthesights,orreadabook.Onemustalwaysstayfocusedontheroad.Travellingbytrain,orthesubway,isanotheroption.Ifthedestinationisalongsidethesubwayline,thisoptionisbyfarthebest.Whiletrainscanbecongested,theyPairWorkSPEAKING第40頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.2arethefastestmethodoftraveling.Subwaysareneversubjecttotrafficjams,astheyusuallyrununderground.However,thesubwaysysteminBeijingdoesnotreacheverywhere.Inmostcases,ifItakethesubway,Ithenhavetoeitherwalkfor20minutes,orshifttoabustogetwhereIheadfor.Allinall,asforme,drivingacaristhebestoption.Thecarisconvenientandcomfortable.However,takingabusoratraincanalsobeagoodchoiceifacarisnotavailable.PairWorkSPEAKING第41頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.2Theleastyoucoulddo：Turnoffsoundpollution1)KeepthevolumeofyourTVormusicsystemlow.2)Honkthecarhornsparingly.3)Discourageuseofloudspeakers.4)Avoidtheuseofbandorcrackersinweddingprocessions.5)Getalltopracticelawsregardingsoundpollution.PairWorkSPEAKING第42頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.2Vaporizeairpollution1)Keepsmokeemissionfromhomes,factoriesorvehiclestominimum.2)Avoidtheuseoffirecrackers.3)Disposeofgarbageinbinsanddonotburnit.4)Usespittoonsorflowingdrainsforspitting.5)Getalltopracticelawsregardingairpollution.PairWorkSPEAKING第43頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.2Purifywaterpollution1)Neverdumpgarbagenearcommunaltaps,wellsandotherwaterbodies.2)Donottinkerwithpublicwaterpipes.3)Avoidtheuseofpesticidesandchemicalsnearstreams,lakesandsprings.4)Getalltopracticelawsregardingwaterpollution.PairWorkSPEAKING第44頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六PartB-PairWork.2DisposeofchemicalpollutionPreferorganicmanuretochemicalfertilizers,papertopolythene,cotton,jutetopolyester.2)Disposeofpolythenebagsthroughproperchannel.3)Plantmoretreesandvegetation.4)Getalltopracticelawsregardingchemicalpollution.PairWorkSPEAKING第45頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六BeforeReadingWatchavideoclipanddiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner.1.Doyouhaveadream?Whatisyourdream?2.Whatdoyouthinkofthespeechinthevideo?BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADING第46頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六R-A-1.1BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADING第47頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六IHaveaDreamMartinLutherKing,Jr.…Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsof“interposition”and“nullification”－onedayrightthereinAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!R-A-1.2BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADING第48頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六R-A-1.2Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,everyhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealed,andallfleshshallseeittogether.Thisisourhope,andthisisthefaiththatIgobacktotheSouthwith.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeautifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADING第49頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六R-B-T1PresentingaSpeechStephenLucasOfallhumancreations,languagemaybethemostremarkable.Throughlanguageweshareexperiences,formulatevalues,exchangeideas,transmitknowledge,andsustainculture.Indeed,languageisvitaltothinkingitself.Contrarytopopularbelief,languagedoesnotsimplymirrorrealitybutalsohelpstocreateoursenseofrealitybygivingmeaningtoevents.BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADING第50頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六R-B-T2

Goodspeakershaverespectforlanguageandknowhowitworks.Wordsarethetoolsofaspeaker’scraft.Theyhavespecialuses,justlikethetoolsofanyotherprofession.Asaspeaker,youshouldbeawareofthemeaningsofwordsandknowhowtouselanguageaccurately,clearly,vividly,andappropriately.BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADING第51頁(yè)，共136頁(yè)，2023年，2月20日，星期六R-B-T3Usinglanguageaccuratelyisasvitaltoaspeakerasusingnumbersaccuratelyistoanaccountant.Neveruseawordunlessyouaresureofitsmeaning.Ifyouarenotsure,l