2021年山東省聊城市公共英語五級(筆試)真題一卷(含答案)

2021年山東省聊城市公共英語五級(筆試)真題一卷(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、1.ListeningComprehension(15題)1.PartB

Directions:Youwillhear3conversationsortalksandyoumustanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.YouwillheartherecordingONLYONCE.

聽力原文：Doyoufindgettingupinthemorningdifficultandpainful?Thismightbecalledlaziness,butDr.Kleimanhasanewexplanation.Hehasprovedthateveryonehasadailyenergycycle.

Duringthehourswhenyoulaborthroughyourworkyoumaysaythatyou're“hot”.That'strue.Thetimeofdaywhenyoufeelmostenergeticiswhenyourcycleofbodytemperatureisatitspeak.Forsomepeoplethepeakcomesduringtheforenoon.Forothersitcomesintheafternoonorevening.Noonehasdiscoveredwhythisisso.Thepossibleexplanationisthatoneisathistemperature-and-energypeakintheevening.Muchfamilyquarrelingendswhenhusbandsandwivesrealizewhattheseenergycyclesmean,andwhichcycleeachmemberofthefamilyhas.

Youcan'tchangeyourenergycycle.butyoucanlearntomakeyourlifefititbetter.Habitcanhelp,Dr.Kleimanbelieves．Maybeyou'resleepyintheeveningbutfeelyoumuststayuplateanyway．Counteractyourcycletosomeextentbyhabituallystayinguplaterthanyouwantto.Ifyourenergyislowinthemorningbutyouhaveanimportantjobtodoearlyintheday,risebeforeyourusualhour.Thiswon'tchangeyourcycle,butyou'llgetupandworkbetteratyourlowpoint.

Getofftoaslowstartwhichsavesyourenergy.Getupwithaleisurelyyawnandstretch.Sitontheedgeofthebedaminutebeforeputtingyourfeetonthefloor.Avoidthetroubleforcleanclothesbylayingthemoutthenightbefore.Wheneverpossible,doroutineworkintheafternoonandsavetasksrequiringmoreenergyorconcentrationforyoursharperhours.

Whatshouldonedoifhewantstoworkmoreefficientlyathislowpointinthemorning?

A.Changehisenergycycle.

B.Overcomehislaziness.

C.Getupearlierthanusual.

D.Gotobedearlier.

2.WhereisLowTillFarmingbecomingpopular?

A.Inareaswithfewweedsandunwantedplants.

B.Inareaswithasevereshortageofwater.

C.Inareaslackinginchemicalfertilizer.

D.Inareasdependentonimportedfood.

3.PartC

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.

聽力原文：Inyouruniversitywork．youwillbeexpectedtogiveoralpresentationsintheform.ofreportsorsimplyintheformsofanswerstoquestions．Thereareseveralthingsyouoraldotomakeyouroralpresentationsclearandeasytounderstand．

Thefundamentalpointtorealizeisthatspeechandwritingaredifferent．Ifyouwanttobebestunderstood．youcan'tsimplyreadyourwrittenreportaloud．Thebiggestdifferencebetweenspokenandwrittenlanguageisthatreaderscanlookbackovertheprintedwordswhentheydon'tunderstand．Inspokenlanguage，however，listenerscan'tgobackandcheckthewords．Theycanrelyonlyonmemory．Sothefirstprincipletokeepinmindwhenyou'replanningtospeakinpublicisthatyouhavetohelpthelistener'smemory．Thismeansthatanoralreportcan'tdeliverinformationasrapidlyasawrittenreport．Thatis，youcan'thaveasmanypiecesofnewinformationpackedintothesamenumberofwords，becausetheywillcomeattoofastarateforthelistenertounderstand．

Inanoralreport，therateofdeliveryhastobeslower．Oneofthebestwaystohelpyouraudienceissimplytospeakslowly．Manypeoplespeaktoofastwhentheyspeaktoagroup．Thisisamistake，especiallyifyouhaveaforeignaccent，becauseitmakeslisteningmoredifficult．Beyondthesimpletechniqueofspeakingmoreslowlywhenyouspeakbeforeagroup，therearewaysoforganizingyourpresentationthatcanhelpthelistenerbeclearandunderstandyourmainpoints．

Theorganizationofyourtalkshouldallowenoughtimeforthelistenertothinkbothbeforeandaftereachnewidea．Thepurposeofthetimebeforethenewinformationistogivetheaudienceachancetounderstandthebackgroundclearly．Knowledgeofthebackground，orsettingoftheinformation，makesitmucheasiertoanticipatewhatkindofinformationiscomingnext．Ifthenewinformationoccurstooearly，withoutenoughbackground，thelistenersshouldnotbepreparedwithenoughbackgroundtobeabletopredictwhat'scoming．

I'vebeendescribingthetimeforthinkingbeforethenewinformation．It'salsoimportanttoprovidetimeforthinkingafterthenewinformation．Thisthinkingtimeallowslistenerstofittheideaintotheirgeneralknowledgeofthesubject．Thinkingtimegivesthelistenerachancetomakesurethattheideawasunderstoodbeforegoingontothenextnewidea．

Therearethreegeneralwaystogivethelistenertimeforthinkingandtimeafterapointofnewinformation．Onewayissimplytopause．Amomentofsilencegivesthelistenertimetotakeinthenewinformation，butthereareotherways．Asecondmethodistouseaparaphrase．Thatis，yousaythesamething，butindifferentwords．Thisparaphrase，orrepetitionoftheidea，helpsthelistenerstofixthethoughtintheirmemory．Athirdwaytogivethelistenertimetothinkistousewordsthatdon'tmeanmuch．Thesearewordsthatconveynoinformation，butjustfillintime．Forinstance，youmightsaysomethinglike“asI'vebeensaying”or“andsoforth”and“andsoon”．Thatkindofexpressiondoesn'treallysayanything．It'sjustmadeofwhatwecall“fillerwords”．Thewordshavenorealmeaning．buttheydoperform.ausefulfunction．sincetheyallowthelistenertimetothink．

Insummary，then，weknowthatorallanguageshoulddeliverinformationataslowerratethanyoucanuseinwrittenlanguage．Newinformationshouldbepresentedmoregradually．Thinkingtimeshouldbeprovidedbothbeforeandaftereachimportantnewitem．Thetimebeforeistoprovideabackgroundsothatthelistenerscanhaveachancetoanticipat

4.PartC

Directions:Youwillhearatalk.Asyoulisten,answerthequestionsorcompletethenotesinyourtestbookletforQuestions21-30bywritingNOTMORETHANTHREEwordsinthespaceprovidedontheright.YouwillhearthetalkTWICE.

Younowhave1minutetoreadQuestions21-30.

聽力原文：Thetenyearsofthe1960swasaperiodofprofoundchangeinmanypartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStates,beginningwiththeCivilRightsMovementintheearly1960s,andextendingthroughtheVietnamWar,millionsofAmericansbegantochallengeestablishedauthority.Thesemovementswereinitiallypolitical.YoungAmericansdemandedthatgovernmentalpoliciesinracerelationsandinternationalrelationscorrespondtotheidealsofjusticecontainedintheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates.Bytheendofthedecade,however,challengestoauthoritywerecarriedfarbeyondpoliticalissuesandweredirectedatthesocialorderanddeeplyrootedculturalpatternsofthecountry.

Thegenerationthatcameofageinthe1960s,theBabyBoomgeneration,soughtchangeinalmosteveryaspectoflifeintheUnitedStates.Forexample,theyexperimentedwithcooperativeeconomicinstitutionsandcommunallivingarrangements,brokesexualtaboos,alteredtheprocessofeducation,explorednon-Westernspiritualtraditions,developedastrongrespectfortheenvironment,andtransformedpopularculture.Asawhole,thesechangesstoodforadifferentsetofculturalvaluesthatprovidedathoroughcritiqueofAmericansocietyasitexistedatthattime.Althoughmany"alternativelifestyles"wereshort-lived,culturalchangesthatbeganinthatperiodhavehadacontinuingeffectonmuchofAmericanlife,particularlyinattitudestowardmale-femalerelations.

Allculturesarecomplex.Theyareacombinationofcloselyrelatedpatternsofsocialinteraction.Asaresult,changesinanimportantaspectofaparticularculturewillusuallyproducechangesthroughoutthesociety.TheWomen'sMovementthatbeganintheUnitedStatesduringthe1960sisatypicalexampleofthisphenomenon.Fromthebeginning,theWomen'sMovementwasinfluencedbyculturalchangesthathadoccurredearlierinthedecade.TheCivilRightsMovementforracialequalityandthedevelopmentofthebirthcontrolpillwereparticularlyimportant—theCivilRightsMovementbecausewomeninvolvedintheeffortforracialjusticebegantoseethemselvesasvictimsofsocialinjustice,andthebirthcontrolpillbecauseitgavewomenreliablecontroloverreproduction.

Social,economic,andlegalequalityandreproductiverightscontinuetobethebasicprinciplesoftheWomen'sMovement.Assomeofthesegoalshavebeenachieved,majorchangeshaveoccurredinbroaderculturalpatternssuchastheeconomyandthefamily.Atthepresenttime,mostofAmericanwomenareemployed.Employmentisnolongerconfinedtosuchtraditionalfemaleoccupationsasteacher,nurse,orsecretary.Womenarenowfoundineveryoccupationandatalllevelsofresponsibilityandauthority.Participationintheeconomyhasgivenmanywomenanindependencethathasallowedthemtochoosewhether,when,andhowtoform.afamily.Workingwomenwithinfamiliesnowarepartofaneconomicpartnershipwithmeninwhichbothadultsprovidesupportforthefamilyunitandareresponsibleforthequalityoflife.

TheWomen'sMovementhasaffectedtherelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninthefamilyinotherwaysaswell.Womenhavechallengedtraditionalsexrolesinthehousehold.Menarenowexpectedtoparticipateinchild-raisinganddomesticactivitiestoamuchgreaterextentthaninthepast.Childbearingisnowamatteroffamilychoice,withwomenhavingthefinaldecisioninfamilyplanning.

Alloftheseculturalchangesarestrengthenedinboththemediaandint

5.聽力原文：M:Soyoureallybelievethatclothescarryakindofmessageforotherpeopleandthatwhatweputonisinsomewayareflectionofwhatwefeel?

W:Ohyes,verymuchso.Nowpeoplearebeginningtotakeseriouslytheideaofakindofpsychologyofclothing,tobelievethatthereisnotjustindividualtasteinourclothesbutalsoathinkingbehindwhatwewearwhichistryingtoexpresssomethingwemaynotevenbeawareofourselves.

M:Butsurelythishasalwaysbeenthecase.Wealldressupwhenwewanttoimpresssomeone,suchasforajobinterviewwithaprospectiveemployer;wethenmakeaneffortandputonsomethingsmart.

W:True,butthat'saconsciousact.WhatIamtalkingaboutismoreofasubconsciousthing.Takeforexamplethestudentwhoisawayfromhomeatcollegeoruniversity:ifhetendstowraphimselfupmorethantheothers,thisisbecauseheisprobablyfeelinghomesick.Similarly,ageneralfeelingofinsecuritycansometimestaketheform.ofoverdressinginwarmerclothesthannecessary.

M:Canyougiveanyotherexamples?

W:Yes.Ithinkpeoplewhoaresociableandoutgoingtendtodressinanextrovertedway,preferringbrighterormoredazzlingcolorsyellows,brightreds,andsoon.Inthesameway,whatmightbeseenasaparallelwiththeanimalkingdom,aggressiveclothesmightindicateanaggressivepersonalityorattitudetolife.Thinkaboutthethreatdisplaysusedbyanimalswhentheywanttowarnoffopponents.

M:Doyouthinkthecareorlackofitoverthewayweactuallywearourclotheshasanythingtotellus?

W:Yes,indeed.Thelength,forexample,ofaman'strousersspeaksvolumesaboutthisawarenessofhisownimage.Or,ifhistrousersaretooshortorhangingloosely,thisprobablymeanshe'sabsorbedbyotherthings.

Accordingtothewoman,whatgovernstheclotheswewear?

A.Adesiretoexpressoneselfandshowone'swealth.

B.Individualtasteandloveforbeauty.

C.Loveforbeautyandadesiretoimpressotherpeople.

D.Individualtasteandadesiretoexpressoneself.

6.Whenwillthespeakertalkabouttheeconomicandpoliticalchanges?

7.Dr.WilsonasksWangtodoalittlemoreresearchbeforedecidingonhisproject.

A.RightB.Wrong

8.AlldirectorsontheBoardarefull-timeemployeesinthecompany.

A.TrueB.Fasle

9.Whobenefitsmostfrominflation?

A.Personswhohavesalariesaccordingtolong-termcontracts.

B.Personswhoownbusinesses.

C.Personswithold-agepensions.

D.Personswithslow-risingincomes.

10.Thesuccessofchainschoolsistosomeextentbecauseofthemarketingandadvertising.

A.TrueB.Fasle

11.Allchainscanofferstudentsthesametypeofcourseindifferentplaces.

A.TrueB.Fasle

12.Waterisasimportantasvitamins,mineralsandproteinsforlife.

A.RightB.Wrong

13.Whyarestudentsenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizations?

A.Becausetheyhatetheconstantpressureandstrainoftheirstudy.

B.Becausetheywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversity.

C.Becausesuchpositionshelpthemhuntbetterjobs.

D.Becausesuchpositionsareusuallywellpaid.

14.WhatwaspotatousedforinEuropeatfirst?

15.Strokesmaysometimesdestroyallofthemirrorimage.

A.TrueB.Fasle

二、2.UseofEnglish(10題)16.(32)

17.(50)

18.

【C11】

19.(45)

20.

【C10】

21.

【C13】

22.(49)

23.(36)

24.

【C5】

25.

【C16】

三、3.ReadingComprehension(15題)26.(67)

27.

Theexpression"optoutofsuchdatacollection"(inthelastparagraph)probablymeans______.

A.pickoutfromsuchdatatheinformationoneneeds

B.shiftthroughsuchdatatocollectone'sowninformation

C.evaluatethepurposeforsuchdatacollection

D.choosenottobeinvolvedinsuchdatacollection

28.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

A.Electricfishcomefromdifferentfamilies.

B.Onecangetashockbytouchingtheelectricraysintwoplaces.

C.Theelectricplatesintheraysareconnectedwiththespinalcord.

D.Theelectriccatfishisedible.

29.(80)

30.ThehistoryofresponsestotheworkoftheartistSandroBotticelli(1444-1510)suggeststhatwidespreadappreciationbycriticsisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.Writingin1550,VasariexpressedanuneasewithBotticelli'swork,admittingthattheartistfittedawkwardlyintohisevolutionaryschemeofthehistoryofart.Overthenexttwocenturies,academicarthistoriansdefamedBotticelliinfavorofhisfellowsFlorentine.Michelangelo.Evenwhenanti-academicarthistoriansoftheearlynineteenthcenturyrejectedmanyofthestandardsofevaluationadoptedbytheirpredecessors,Botticelli'workremainedoutsideofacceptedtaste,pleasingneitheramateurobserversnorconnoisseurs.(Manyofhisbestpaintings,however,remainedhiddenawayinobscurechurchesandprivatehomes.)

TheprimaryreasonforBotticelli'sunpopularityisnotdifficulttounderstand：mostobservers,upuntilthemid-nineteenthcentury,didnotconsiderhimtobenoteworthy,becausehiswork,forthemostpart.didnotseemtotheseobserverstoexhibitthetraditionalcharacteristicsofthefifteenth-centuryFlorentineart.Forexample.Botticellirarelyemployedthetechniqueofstrictperspectiveand,unlikeMichelangelo,neverusedchiaroscuro.

AnotherreasonforBotticelli'sunpopularitymayhavebeenthathisattitudetowardthestyle.ofclassicalartwasverydifferentfromthatofhiscontemporaries.Althoughhewasthoroughlyexposedtoclassicalart.heshowedlittleinterestinborrowingfromtheclassicalstyle.Indeed,itisparadoxicalthatapainteroflarge-scaleclassicalsubjectsadoptedastyle.thatwasonlyslightlysimilartothatofclassicalart.

Inanycase,whenviewersbegantoexaminemorecloselytherelationshipofBotticelli'sworktothetraditionofthefifteenthcenturyFlorentineart,hisreputationbegantogrow.AnalysesandassessmentsofBotticellimadebetween1850and1870bytheartistsofthePre-Raphaelitemovement,aswellasbythewriterPater(althoughhe.unfortunately,basedhisassessmentonanincorrectanalysisofBotticelli'spersonality),inspiredanewappreciationofBotticellithroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld.YetBotticelli'swork,especiallytheSistinefrescoes.didnotgenerateworldwideattentionuntilitwasfinallysubjectedto4comprehensiveandscrupulousanalysisbyHomein1908.Homerightlydemonstratedthatthefrescoessharedimportantfeatureswithpaintingsbyotherfifteenth-centuryFlorentines—featuressuchasskillfulrepresentationofanatomicalproportions,andofthehumanfigureinmotion.However,HomearguedthatBotticellididnottreatthesequalitiesasendsinthemselves—rather.thatheemphasizedcleardepletionofastory,auniqueachievementandonethatmadethetraditionalFlorentinequalities1esscentral.BecauseofHome'semphasiscrucialtoanystudyofart,thetwentiethcenturyhascometoappreciateBotticelli'sachievements.

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheRoleofStandardArtAnalysesandAppraisals

B.SandroBotticelli：FromRejectiontoAppreciation

C.TheHistoryofCritics’ResponsestoArtWorks

D.BotticelliandFlorentine：AComparativeStudy

31.

Theword"fib"inthefourthsentenceofParagraph5,probablymeans______.

A.totellthetruth

B.toreduce

C.toincrease

D.totellasmalllie

32.(79)

33.(76)

34.PartA

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

TodayTVaudiencesallovertheworldareaccustomedtothesightofAmericanastronautsintip-topcondition,withfairhair,crew-cuts,goodteeth,anuncomplicatedsenseofhumourandaseverelylimitednon-technicalvocabulary.

Whatmarksoutanastronautfromhisearthboundfellowhumanbeingsissomethingofadifficultproblem.Shouldyouwishtointerviewhim,youmustapplybeforehand,andyoumustbepreparedforalongishwait,evenifyourapplicationmeetswithsuccess.Itis.inanycase,outofthequestiontointerviewanastronautabouthisfamilylifeorpersonalactivities,becausealltheastronautshavecontractswithanAmericanmagazineunderconditionsforbiddinganyunauthorizeddisclosuresabouttheirprivatelives.

Certainobviousqualifiesareneeded.Anyonewhowouldbeaspacemanmustbeinperfecthealth,musthavepowersofconcentration(sinceworkinsideaspacecraftisexceptionallydemanding)andmusthaveconsiderablecourage.Again,space-workcallsfordedication.Courageanddedicationareparticularlyessential.Inthewell-knowncaseoftheChallengersevencrewmemberslosttheirlivesinspacebecauseofthefaultyequipmentintheshuttle.Anothermustbeoutstandingscientificexpertise.Itgoeswithoutsayingthattheyallhavetohaveprofessionalaeronauticalqualificationsandexperience.

Astrikingfeatureoftheastronautsistheirages.Fortheyoungerman,inhistwenties,say,spaceisout.OnlyoneofthefiftymenworkingforNASAin1970wasunder30.TheoldestastronauttodateisAlanShepard,America'sfirstmaninspace,who,atnearlyfifty,wasalsothemanwhocaptainedApollo13.Theaverageageisthelatethirties.ThecrewmembersofApollo11wereallbornwellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.In1986theChallengerastronautshadanaverageageof39.Therangewasfrom35to46.

Inasocietywheremaritalcontinuityisnotalwaysexhibited,theastronauts'recordinthisrespecthitsyouintheeye.OfallthemarriedmeninNASAgroup,onlytwoorthreearedivorcedfromtheirwives.Mindyou.itishardtotellwhethersomethinginthebasiccharacterofanastronautencouragesfidelityorwhethertheselectionprocessdemandsthatacandidateshouldbehappilymarried.

TheNASAastronautsliveinunattractivesmallcommunitiesdottedhereandtherearoundthebaseinTexas.Youwouldexpectthemtofindtheirfriendsfromamongtheirprofessionalassociates,butthisisnotthecase.Rather,theyprefertomakefriendswiththenormalfolkintheirdistricts.Astronauts,likeeverybodyelse,mustgetfedupwithtalkingshopallthetime,andwhereastheyareindeedanelite,theirdailylifeoutsideworkshouldbeasnormalaspossible,ifonlyforthesakeoftheirfamilies.

Asfortheastronauts'politicalleanings,theyseemtobetowardstheright.Thismaybeduetothefactthatalargeproportionoftheastronautshaveamilitarybackground.Ontheotherhand,itcouldbejustcoincidence.

Detailsoftheprivatelifeofanastronautarehardtocomeby,becausetheyare______.

A.hisownbusinessandprivacy

B.secretsasfarasinterviewsareconcerned

C.thepropertyofanAmericanmagazine

D.thefirst-ratenationalconfidentialinformation

35.(75)

36.

WhichofthestatementsabouttheteensisNOTtrue?

A.Theyareill-bredstudentsinschool.

B.Someofthemtake“realdrugs”.

C.Teensneedsattention.

D.Afewcasuallydisplayscarsontheirarms.

37.(69)

38.Itwaslateintheafternoon,andIwasputtingthefinaltouchonapieceofwritingthatIwasfeelingprettygoodabout.Iwantedtosaveit,butmycursorhadfrozen.Itriedtoshutthecomputerdown,anditseizedupaltogether.Unsureofwhatelsetodo,Iyanked(用力猛拉)thebatteryout.

Unfortunately,Windowshadbeeninthemidstofadelicateandcrucialundertaking.Thenextmorning,whenIturnedmycomputerbackon,itinformedmethatafilehadbeencorruptedandWindowswouldnotload.Then,itofferedtorepairitselfbyusingtheWindowsSetupCD.

IopenedthespecialdrawerwhereIkeepCDs,butnoWindowsCDinthere.Iwasforcedtocallthecomputercompany'sGlobalSupportCentre.Mycallwasansweredbyawomaninsomeunnamed,far-offland.IfinditannoyingtomakesmalltalkwithsomeonewhenIdon'tknowwhatcontinentthey'restandingon.SupposeIweretocommentonthebeautifulweatherwe'vebeenhavingwhentherewasamonsoonattheotherendofthephone?SoIgotrighttothepoint.

"Mycomputeristellingmeafileiscorruptedanditwantstofixitself,butIdon'thavetheWindowsSetupCD."

"Soyou'rehavingaproblemwithyourWindowsSetupCD."Shehasapparentlybeendozingand,havingcometojustasthesentenceended,wasattemptingtocoverforherinattention.

Itquicklybecameclearthatthewomanwasnotacomputertechnician.Herjobwastoserveasagatekeeper,ahumanshieldforthetechnicians.Hersoleduty,asfarasIcouldtell,wastoraiseglobalstresslevels.

Tomakemedisappear,thewomangavemethephonenumberforWindows'creator,Microsoft.Thisislikegivingsomeonethephonenumberfor,Idon'tknow,NorthAmerica.Besides,theCDworked;Ijustdidn'thaveit.NomatterhowmanytimesIrepeatedmystory,wecamebacktothesameplace.Shewascalmandresolutelypolite.

Whenmyvoicehitacertaindecibel(分貝),Iwaspassedalong,likeahot,irritablepotato,toatechnician.

"Youdon'thavetheWindowsSetupCD,ma'am,becauseyoudon'tneedit,"heexplainedcheerfully.

"Windowscamepreinstalledonyourcomputer!"

"ButIdoneedit."

"Yes,butyoudon'thaveit."Wewentonlikethisforawhile.Finally,heofferedtowalkmethroughtheuseofadifferentCD,onethatwoulderasemyentiresystem."Ofcourse,you'dloseallyoure-mail,yourdocuments,yourphotos."Itwaslikeofferingtodropasafeonmyheadtocuremyheadache."Youmightbeabletorecoverthem,butitwouldbeexpensive."Hesoundeddelighted."Andit'snotcoveredbythewarranty(產(chǎn)品保證書)!"Thesafebegantoseemlikeagoodidea,provideditwasfull.

Ihungupthephoneanddrovemycomputertoasmall,friendlyrepairplaceI'dheardabout.Asmart,helpfulmandugoutaWindowsCDandtoldmeitwouldn’tbeaproblem.Anhourlater,hecalledtoletmeknowitwasready.Ithankedhim,andwechattedabouttheweather,whichwasthesameoutsidemywindowasitwasoutsidehis.

Whydidtheauthorshutdownhercomputerabruptly?

A.Shehadsavedwhatshehadwritten.

B.Shecouldn'tmovethecursor.

C.Thecomputerrefusedtowork.

D.Thecomputerofferedtorepairitself.

39.(68)

40.Themanbehindthisnotion,JackMaple,isadandywhoaffectsdarkglasses,homburgs(翹邊帽)andtwo-toeshoes;yethehasbecomesomethingofalegendinAmerica'spolicedepartments.Forsomeyears,startinginNewYorkandmovingontohigh-crimespotssuchasNewOrleansandPhiladelphia,heandhisbusinesspartner,JohnLinderhavemarketedatwo-tiersystemforcuttingcrime.

First,policedepartmentshavetosortthemselvesout:rootoutcorruption,streamlinetheirbureaucracy,andmakemorecontactwiththepublic.Second,theyhavetoadoptacomputersystemcalledComstatwhichhelpsthemtoanalyzestatisticsofallmajorcrimes.Theseareconstantlykeyedintothecomputer,whichthendisplayswhereandwhentheyhaveoccurredonacolor-codedmap,enablingthepolicetomonitorcrimetrendsastheyhappenandtospothigh-crimeareas.InNewYork,Comstat'sstatisticalmapsareanalyzedeachweekatameetingofthecity'spolicechiefandprecinctcaptains.

MessrsMapleandLinder("specialistsincrime-reductionservices")havenodoubtthattheirsystemisamaincontributortothedropincrime.WhentheyintroduceditinNewOrleansinJanuary1997,violentcrimedroppedby22%inayear;whentheymerelystartedworkinginformallywiththepolicedepartmentinNewark,NewJersey,violentcrimefellby13%.Policedepartmentsarenowlininguptopayasmuchas$50,000amonthforthesetwomentoputthemstraight.

Probablyallthesenewpoliciesandbitsoftechnicalwizardry,addedtogether,havemadeabigdifferencetocrime.Butthereremainanomaliesthatcannotbeexplained,suchasthefactthatcrimeinWashingtonD.C.,hasfallenasfastasanywhere,althoughthepolicedepartmenthasbeencorruptandhopelessand,inlargestretchesofthecity,neitherpolicenorresidentsseemdisposedtofightthecriminalsintheirmidst.

Themoreimportantreasonforthefallincrimerates,manysay,isamuchlesssophisticatedone.Itisafactthatcrimerateshavedroppedastheimprisonmentratesoared.In1997thenationalincarcerationrate,at645per100000peoplewasmorethandoubletheratein1985,andthenumberofinmatesincityandcountyjailsroseby9.4%.almostdoubleitsannualaverageincreasesince1990.Surelysomecriminologistsargue,onesetoffiguresisthecauseoftheother.Itisprecisebecausemorepeoplearebeingsenttoprison,theyclaimthatcrimeratesarefalling.A1993studyby