高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案

高考英語閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Wanttoimproveyourwritingskills?NewWritingSouthisdirectingtheway!TownerWriterSquad(班級)forkidsaged13-17

LedbycomedyandTVwriter,MarianKilpatrick,TownerWriterSquadwillmeetonceamonthatthecontemporaryartmuseumfor11months,starting12October,2016.

TheFREEsquadsessionswillincludeintroductionstoawiderangeofwritingstyles,frompoetrytoplaywritingandlyric(抒情詩)toflashfiction,tosupportthedevelopmentofyoungwriters.

Application&Selection

IfyouwouldliketoapplytobepartoftheTownerWriterSquad,pleasesendasamplepieceofyourwriting(about500words),respondingtothetitle"LUNCH",withyourname,age,addressandemailaddressto:debo@.

Onceallapplicationsarein,youwillbeinvitedtoanopenselectioneventon17September,4-5pm,atthegalleryofTowner.ThiswillbeaninformalopportunitytomeettheSquadLeader,SquadAssociateandotheryoungpeople.

Youwillalsohaveachancetogettoknowthefantasticgalleryspaceandgetatasteofwhat'stocome.

Deadlineforapplications:8September,2016

Forfurtherinformationgoto:/toneror.ukor

Anyquestions–feelfreetosendyouremailtoTownerWriterSquadAssociate:wharne@.uk

BeginnerWritingProjectforkidsaged10-13

Duetopopulardemand,awritingprojectwillbestartedforeagerbeginners.

Starttime:6September,2016

MeeteveryotherSaturday,2-4pm,attheTownerStudyCentre.

Studyandwriteatyourownpace–youdonothavetorush–asyouhaveayeartogothroughtheproject.Practiceundertheguidanceofsomeexperiencedwritersandteacherswhocanhelpyouwithbasicwritingskills.Mostimportantly,buildconfidenceandhavefunwhilewriting!

Nopreviousexperienceorspecialbackgroundisrequired.Manyothershavebeensuccessfulthisway.Iftheycandoit,whycan'tyou?

Fee:￡179

Formoreinformationgoto:.ukor.uk（1）TownerWriterSquadwillbestarted________.A.totraincomedyandTVwritersB.toexplorethefantasticgalleryspaceC.tointroduceacontemporaryartmuseumD.topromotethedevelopmentofyoungwriters（2）TojointheWriterSquad,eachapplicantshouldfirst_________.A.provideapieceoftheirwritingB.meettheWriterSquadLeaderC.offertheirfamilyinformationD.completeanapplicationform（3）Whatismostimportantforthebeginners?A.Practisingasmuchaspossible.B.Gainingconfidenceandhavingfun.C.Studyingandwritingattheirownpace.D.Learningskillsfromwritersandteachers.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了不同年齡階段孩子為提高寫作水平設(shè)置的寫作培訓(xùn)班，說明了招收學(xué)員的年齡、申請的條件、開課時間、報名截止日期及費用等信息。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheFREE部分中的“squadsessionswillincludeintroductionstoawiderangeofwritingstyles,frompoetrytoplaywritingandlyric(抒情詩)toflashfiction,tosupportthedevelopmentofyoungwriters.”班會將包括介紹廣泛的寫作風(fēng)格，從詩歌到戲劇寫作，從抒情詩到微型小說，以支持年輕作家的發(fā)展?？芍?，TownerWriterSquad促進(jìn)年輕作家的發(fā)展。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Application&Selection部分中的“IfyouwouldliketoapplytobepartoftheTownerWriterSquad,pleasesendasamplepieceofyourwriting”如果你想申請成為TownerWriterSquad的一員，請寄一份你的寫作樣稿。可知，要加入WriterSquad，每個申請人必須先提供一篇他們的作品。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Starttime:6September,2016部分中的“Mostimportantly,buildconfidenceandhavefunwhilewriting!”最重要的是，在寫作的過程中建立自信和獲得樂趣!可知，對初學(xué)者來說獲得信心和樂趣是最重要的。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Sportsarethebaseofmylife,nexttomymotherwhoraisedmewhenmydadleftus.IhavebeenintosportssinceIwassixyearsold.Ihaveknownmanycoachesandheardhundredsoftheirtips,buttheyusuallyfocusedondrillstodevelopmyskillsandreachthenextlevelofplay.

WhenIwasinSeniorTwo,Imetthenewschoolbasketballcoach,BrianPawloski.IthoughtIwascertaintobeselectedfortheschoolteamsinceIhadbeeninittheyearbefore.Ishoweduptothetryoutsandputoutabout90%effortsinceIthoughtI'dmakeitwithnoproblem.Thatwasabigmistake.

BrianPawloskiisthehardest-workingcoachIhaveevermet.Hedidn'texpect100%effort,heexpected200%effort.Oneexample:heoncemadeusdo40suicidedrillsforthe40lay-ups(投籃)wemissedinagame.Somethinkthisiscrazy,butitisn't.Afterthisconditioningpractice,asweweregettingacupofcoldwatertodrink,Isaid,"coach,thatwasthebestpracticeIeverhad."Iwascompletelysincere.Thismanwasandisthepersonwhoinfluencedmemostatmyhighschool.Heexpectsustobeexcellentnotjustonthecourtbutintheclassroom.IfIamnotworkingonbasketball,Iamreadingabookthathethinkswillhelpusbetterunderstandlife'schallenges,includingWooden,Coach,andTheScrewtapeLetters.

InthefirsttwoyearsIslackedoff,notputtingforthmyfullpotential.Now,unlikethecoachesofmyyouth,thismanwasinterestedinhowhedidoffthecourt.HealwaysmadesureIkeptupwithmystudiesandwasabletobetrusted.Icanhonestlysaythatonothercoachhasgivenmesomuchadviceonhowtosucceedinbasketball,butmoreimportantly,inlife.Myschoolisluckytohavesuchagreatpersontoteach,coachandinfluencetheirstudents.Iwillalwaysremembermyhigh-schoolbasketballdaysasoneofthehardesttimesIhaveeverworkedinmylifenotonlyinbasketballbutinmygrowthasanindividual.（1）Differentfromothercoaches,CoachBrian________.A.

concentratedonskilltraining

B.

trainedtheteamtotheedgeofdeathC.

expectedtheteamtodowellintheirstudies

D.

askedtheteamtodomorereadingthantraining（2）Theunderlinedphrase"slackedoff"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.

paidnoattention

B.

showednointerest

C.

hadlesspassion

D.

madelesseffort（3）Intheauthor'seye,CoachBrianis________.A.

strictandhelpful

B.

hardworkingandhonestC.

skilledandcruel

D.

professionalandserious【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者喜歡籃球，新學(xué)校的籃球教練布萊恩對自己的學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求，全文敘述了對布萊恩教練的描述以及他和作者之間發(fā)生的事情。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Heexpectsustobeexcellentnotjustonthecourtbutintheclassroom”，他希望我們不僅在運動場上而且在教室里要優(yōu)秀。可知選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“notputtingforthmyfullpotential”沒有盡我的全部力量，可知D選項的意思與此句相符，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文對布萊恩教練的描述以及他和作者之間發(fā)生的事情，可知他對自己的學(xué)生很嚴(yán)格要求，但與此同時，根據(jù)第四段中的“Icanhonestlysaythatnoothercoachhasgivenmesomuchadviceonhowtosucceedinbasketball,butmoreimportantly,inlife，”可充分體現(xiàn)布萊恩教練helpful這一品質(zhì)，故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

TheFrenchDanonecompanyisthelatesttoreplacesomeplasticwaterbottleswithaluminum(鋁)cans.CompetitorslikeCoca-Cola,PepsiCoandNestlehavealsostartedsellingwaterinaluminumcans.

Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?Maybenot.

Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.Theproductionofanaluminumcanisestimatedtoreleasetwotimesasmuchcarbondioxideintotheairasaplasticbottle.

"That'sthedilemmayou'regoingtohavetochoosebetween,"saidRubenGriffioen,anofficialatbeermakerHeineken.HesaidhiscompanywasLryingtoreducetheuseofplasticbottles.

BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.Hesaid,"There'samix.Therearesomethingsthatarenotthatdesirable,butifyouhavefivegoodthingsandonethatisn't,we'llallhavetomakedecisions."Headded,"It'llneverbethatclean.”

Bottledwaterisa19billionindustry.Althoughitsuseofcansisincreasing,expertssaycansareunlikelytocompletelyreplaceplasticbottles.

Aluminumiscostlierthanplasticsocanneddrinksmeanhigherpricesforbuyers.Anothermajorconsiderationisuserconvenience-cansstayopenwhilebottlescanbereclosed.Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.Beerandwinemakersarenowalsoincreasinglyusingaluminum.（1）What'stheadvantageofaluminumcans?A.Theyarepollution-free.B.Theyarelighter.C.Theyarecost-effective.D.Theyarelow-carbon.（2）WhatisKaras'sattitudetoreplacingplasticbottleswithaluminumcans?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.NeutralD.Indifferent.（3）Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thewideapplicationofaluminumcans.B.ThepromisingfuturealuminumcansC.Themajoradvantagesofaluminumcans.D.Theunavoidablelimitationsofaluminumcans.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AluminumCansorPlasticBottles?B.ABlessingoraMisfortune?C.HowtoDealwithPlasticBottles?D.WhyDoWeChooseAluminumCans?【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了鋁罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的優(yōu)勢，如鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價，同時說明了使用鋁罐的一些局限性。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.”鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價，可知鋁罐的優(yōu)點是它們更輕。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.”來自北美可口可樂公司的BruceKaras對此表示贊同，可知Karas對用鋁罐代替塑料瓶持支持態(tài)度。故選A。（3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.”更重要的

是，停止使用塑料水瓶有一個障礙：可能沒有足夠的罐子，結(jié)合本段主要說明了鋁罐的造價高和數(shù)量不夠等一些不可避免的局限性，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?”用可回收的鋁罐代替污染海洋的塑料水瓶應(yīng)該是一種幫助環(huán)境的簡單方法，對嗎？文章主要說明了鋁罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的優(yōu)勢，如鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價，文章還說明了使用鋁罐的一些局限性。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，段落大意和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Severalyearsago,Ibeganaskingmyfriendsandfamilytotellmesomethingabouttheirpasswords.Yes,Iunderstandwhypasswordsareuniversallyhated:thepressuretheyputonourmemoryandtheendlessdemandtoupdatethem.Ihatethemtoo.Butthereismoretopasswordsthantheirannoyance.Inthefactthatweconstructthemsothatwecanrememberthem,theytakeonsecretlives.

TherewasaformerprisonerwhosepasswordincludeswhatusedtobehisprisonIDnumbertoconstantlytellhimnottogoback.Andtherewasachildless45-year-oldwomanwhosepasswordisthenameofthebabyshelostinher25(herwayoftryingtokeephimalive,Iguess).

Sometimesthepasswordswereplayful.Severalpeoplesaidtheyused"incorrect"fortheirssothatwhentheyforgotit,thesoftwareautomaticallypromotedthemwiththerightone("yourpasswordisincorrect").

Somepasswordswerestrikingfortheiruniqueness.AfterreadingSherylSandberg'sbookLeanin:Women,WorkandtheWilltoLead,CortniKerr,arunningpartnerofmine,foundherrolemodelandbeganusing"Wwssdol9",whichstoodfor"WhatwouldSherylSandbergdo"plus"19"fortheyear(2019)ofthepassword'screation."TnsitTpsif"wasthepasswordofanotherfriend,acomputerscientistwholoveswordplay.Itstoodfor"Thenextsentenceistrue.Theprevioussentenceisfalse".Formyfriend,itwasaplayfulreferencetotheknotsthatlanguagecantie.

The4622thatmywifeusedinherpasswordswasnotjusttheaddressofherfather'schildhoodhomebutalsoareminderofhisstrength.Apparently,whentheformer120kgfootballstandoutwasasmallboy,hehadtosinghishomeaddress(4622South28thWestAvenue)inonefullbreathratherthantrytosayitnormally.Otherwise,hisstutter(口吃)wouldembarrasshim.（1）WhydidtheprisonerusehisprisonIDnumberinhispassword?A.Torebuildhisreputation.B.Toremindhimtoactlegally.C.Tofightagainsthispoormemory.D.Tohidetheunpleasantexperience.（2）WhatdidCortniKerrthinkofSherylSandberg'sbook?A.Doubtful.B.Interesting.C.Creative.D.Inspiring.（3）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thereasonswhypeoplehatepasswords.B.Theunusualpasswords.C.Thesecretlivesofpasswords.D.Thebestwaystomakeyourpasswordsunique.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了有關(guān)密碼的一些趣事。不同的人設(shè)定密碼也包含著不同的意義，也揭示了一些秘密。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“TherewasaformerprisonerwhosepasswordincludeswhatusedtobehisprisonIDnumbertoconstantlytellhimnottogoback.”可知這名坐過牢的囚犯用自己的監(jiān)獄身份證號作為密碼主要是提醒自己不要回到過去（不在犯罪）。因此選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“CortniKerr,arunningpartnerofmine,foundherrolemodelandbeganusing‘Wwssdol9’,whichstoodfor‘WhatwouldSherylSandbergdo’plus'19’fortheyear(2019)ofthepassword'screation.”可知CortniKerr讀完SherylSandberg'sbook的書后，找到到了自己的榜樣，由此判斷出CortniKerr認(rèn)為SherylSandberg的書很激勵人心。故選D。（3）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了有關(guān)密碼的一些趣事。不同的人設(shè)定密碼也包含著不同的意義，也揭示了一些秘密。選項C.Thesecretlivesofpasswords.“密碼里的人生秘密”為短文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday——ahugenumber.Butaddupallofthecomplexspeciesthateverlivedandsomebiologiststhinkthegrandtotalwouldbeaboutfivebillion.Theestimateleadstoanastonishingconclusion:astaggering99%ofspeciesarenotaroundanymore.Theyhavebeendriventoextinction.

Morespeciesarejoiningtheranksoftheextincteveryyear.Manyscientistsbelievewearelivingthroughanepisodeofremarkablyrapidextinction,onascalethathasbeenseenonlyfivetimesinthelasthalfabillionyears.

Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.

Over-hunting,overfishing,andhuman-drivenhabitatlossarepushingmanyspeciestothebrink.Infact,wehavechangedtheplanetsomuchthatsomegeologistsarenowsuggestingthatwehaveenteredanewphaseinEarth'shistory;anepochtheycallthe＂Anthropocene＂.By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.

Becausewearelivingthroughthisextinction,itisrelativelyeasyforustostudythedrivingforcesbehindit.Buthowdowedeterminewhatcausedothermassdie-offsthathappenedlongago?Todosowehavetolookatwhatarchaeologists,palaeontologists,geologistsandotherscientistshaveconcludedfromtheevidencetheyhavegathered.

Thetroubleis,thosescientistsdonotalwaysagreewithoneanother——evenaboutthemostrecentextinctionevent.Aswellasthefive-orsix-massextinctions,therehavealsobeenmanysmallerextinctions.

OneoftheseminiextinctioneventshappenedtowardstheendofthePleistocene,afewtensofthousandsofyearsago.Itissometimescalledthe＂megafaunal＂extinctionbecausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).However,itscauseremainsadebateamongstscientists.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutthesixthmassextinction？A.

Humansarethemaincauseofit.

B.

Itmeansaglobaldeclineoveralongtime.C.

ItoccurredtowardstheendofthePleistocene.

D.

Scientistsstilldisagreeaboutthecauseofit.（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutspecies？A.

99%ofspecieswillnotbearoundanymoreby2100.

B.

Bythe22ndcentury,therewillprobablybeaboutfivemilliononthisplanet.C.

Abouteightyearslaterwewillenterwhatiscalledthe＂Anthropocene＂.

D.

Itisnoteasyforustofigureoutcausesbehindthe＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraph?A.

Landanimals.

B.

Marinelife.

C.

Hugeanimals.

D.

Flesh-eatingcreatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，我們正經(jīng)歷著地球史上第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕，主要原因是人類的過度捕獵、過度捕撈和人類棲息地的喪失。但是，各個科學(xué)家對過去物種滅絕原因有著不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小規(guī)模物種滅絕——大型動物滅絕，有關(guān)的滅絕原因，科學(xué)家仍在爭論。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第三段提到大規(guī)模物種滅絕是在arelativelyshortperiodoftime，所以B錯誤；最后一段提到大型動物的滅絕發(fā)生在theendofthePleistocene，而第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕是當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的，所以C錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的＂Theycallthiscurrentepisodethesixthmassextinction——alarge,globaldeclineinawidevarietyofspeciesoverarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Andtheytendtoagreethathumansarethemaincause.＂可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類是第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕的主要原因，沒有不同意見，因此D錯誤，因此選A。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theremightbeasmanyas10millionspeciesofcomplexlifeonthisplanettoday”，以及第四段中的＂By2100,itisexpectedthathumanswillhavecausedtheextinctionofuptohalfoftheworld'scurrentspecies.＂可知，到22世紀(jì)，地球還會有目前物種的1/2會滅絕，也就是10million的半，即fivemillion，因此選B。(3)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的＂becausemanyofthespeciesitclaimedwereparticularlylargeanimals,weighingmorethan97lb(44kg).＂可推知＂megafaunal＂應(yīng)為大型動物，因此選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationisstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.

Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs(肢)thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.

Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物學(xué)家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.

Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition(過渡)fromseatoland.

Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.

HannahByrneisanoceanographer(海洋學(xué)家)atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer'stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits(沉積物)oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.

AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.

Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK'sUniversityofBangor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip(翻轉(zhuǎn))themselvesbackinthewater.”

Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.CambridgeUniversity'spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It'sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallofwhichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer,”shesaid.（1）Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?A.

AlfredRomer.

B.

CharlesDarwin.

C.

HannahByrne.

D.

StevenBalbus.（2）Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoStevenBalbus?A.

Therewerelargeroceans.

B.

Earthwasclosertothemoon.C.

Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.

D.

Earthwasundergreaterpressure.（3）Theunderlinedword“stranded”inParagraph8probablymeans“________”.A.

found

B.

settled

C.

abandoned

D.

trapped（4）Whatisthefocusofthearticle?A.

Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.

B.

Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.C.

Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.

D.

Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文，一些新的證據(jù)驗證了先前人們的猜測理論：即海洋中的動物是因為潮汐的作用導(dǎo)致魚類發(fā)展出四肢，遷徙到陸地的。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物學(xué)家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.”和第四段中的“Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.”可知，是AlfredRomer最先提出了魚類可能因為潮汐而發(fā)展出四肢的理論。故選A。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段中的“…tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.”過去的潮汐比現(xiàn)在強(qiáng)。這是因為地球這顆行星以前比現(xiàn)在離月球近了10%?？芍xB。(3)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.”可知，Homer認(rèn)為海洋生物因為潮汐被迫進(jìn)入水池；第八段中的“Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof‘’survivalofthefittest,explainedMattiasGreen,“結(jié)合兩處可知，魚兒是被迫進(jìn)入池中，故選D。(4)考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，英國生物學(xué)家達(dá)爾文的《物種起源》極大地提高了科學(xué)家對自然的認(rèn)識。但仍有不少沒有根據(jù)的猜測。其中的一個猜測就是為什么在4億年前，海洋中的動物有了四肢，從而讓他們遷徙到陸地上生活。一個世紀(jì)以前，美國古生物學(xué)家AlfredRomer提出的一個想法，即潮汐可能導(dǎo)致魚類發(fā)展出四肢，這再次成為一個熱門話題。針對此許多科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的實驗提供了許多新的證據(jù)來證實它。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

HereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists:

ScientistA:IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayoffdevelopingtheAI,thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld'sproblems.However,noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus,ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives,butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.

ScientistB:Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow,scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture,theirintelligencemaywelltakeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongtermmachinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.

ScientistC:I'mamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskullsandthinkofwhat'shappeningrightnow:militarymachineslikedrones,gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwithverylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous“murderbots”followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbeextremelydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.（1）WhatisScientistBworriedabout?A.

AItechnologywilldestroytheearth.

B.

Computerscan'tthinkbythemselves.C.

Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans.

D.

Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.

IlaunchedthecampaigntoStopKillerRobots.

B.

WeforgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.C.

“Murderbots”can'tdecidebythemselves.

D.

“Murderbots”willbeagainsthumans'orders.（3）WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtotherecord?A.

ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.

B.

TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.C.

“Murderbots”willfollowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.

D.

AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.（4）Whoagree(s)AIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?A.

ScientistA

B.

ScientistB

C.

ScientistsB&C

D.

ScientistsB&A【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，列出了三位科學(xué)家對于人工智能的評價。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”可知，科學(xué)家B擔(dān)心機(jī)器人會代替人類，造成人類失業(yè)、貧窮和社會動蕩。故選C。(2)考查代詞指代。由畫線句上文內(nèi)容可知，自主的“殺人機(jī)器人”是否服從人類的命令，這將決定誰殺死誰，因此推斷此處的this指殺人機(jī)器人不服從人類命令，這將是非常不道德的，非常危險的。故選D。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的的“Intheshortterm,thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.”可知，機(jī)器人的發(fā)展會代替人類工作，造成人類失業(yè)。故選B。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives”可知，科學(xué)家A認(rèn)為人工智能積極因素比消極因素多；根據(jù)第三段中的“thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs,creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”和第四段中的“Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbeextremelydangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.”可知，科學(xué)家B和科學(xué)家C認(rèn)為人工智能消極因素比積極因素多。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，代詞指代和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Averagehumanscanconsume15ormoredrinksinplasticbottlesamonth.Ifyouwerebornafter1978,andliveuntil80yearsold,youwillleavebehindaminimumof14,400plasticbottlesonthisplanet.Thesebottlestakehundredsofyearstobreakdownintotinypiecesofplastic,nevertocompletelydisappear.Mostofthewasteisconsumedbyfishandbirds,whichhasshortenedtheirlifetimegreatly.

ThePlasticBottleVillageisjustagreatideathatmightfinallysaveusfrombeingburiedinplastic.It'sacommunityinPanamathatisgoingtobemadeofusedbottles.Thedesignprocessbeginswithbuildingsteelframes,whicharethenfilledwiththesebottles.Oncethisstepiscomplete,andelectricalandplumbing(管道裝置)linesareputinside,theplasticwallsarecoveredbyconcrete—bothinsideandoutside.Sonoonewillactuallybeabletotellthatthewallsaremadeofplastic.Besides,thematerialwillkeepthehouse17°Ccoolerthantheoutside,whichisthebiggestbenefittopeoplelivinginside.

Thevillag