高考英語“破鏡重圓”題面面觀

高考英語“破鏡重圓”題面面觀“破鏡”展示（即把短語中的名詞給移走，把動詞給斷掉）---請看下面幾道試題：單項選擇：例①Heissuchamanwhoisalways______faultwithotherpeople.A.puttingB.seekingC.findingD.lookingfor(安徽卷)例②The______shouldbemadeoftheworkingtime______production.A.most,toincreaseB.use,increasingC.best,andbeincreasedD.full,forincreasing例③Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyou_______foraslongasyouwantwhenyouarefeelinglonely.A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend(江西卷)完形填空：例④Customerscanaskquestionsaboutproductsandplace__49__,allthroughTVsets.A.ordersB.goodsC.booksD.answers（安徽卷）例⑤Iwasinterestedinthis_48__youmadehere.A.aimB.goalC.pointD.opinion(江西卷)例⑥___36__forexample,theneatly-dressedwomanIusedtosee—orlookat---onmywaytoworkeachmorning.A.MakeB.TakeC.GiveD.Have(江蘇卷)此類考題暗藏玄機，看似無從下手，實則易如反掌。但若未發(fā)現(xiàn)玄機，即使苦思冥想，也難得答案。該類題命題意圖就是考查考生對某些“動詞+名詞（+介詞）”這一固定或習慣搭配的掌握情況。考生若能發(fā)現(xiàn)該搭配，便能迎刃而解。但有時命題者往往有意將該搭配拆散、挪位，致使考生一時難以發(fā)現(xiàn)其奧秘之所在，以增加試題難度。因此，我們要設(shè)法將錯位的“部件”復位，讓“破鏡”“重圓”，重現(xiàn)一個完整的詞組或短語結(jié)構(gòu)，這正好能充分展現(xiàn)考生對英語語言素材的積累情況和運用能力。通過觀察，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，例①考查的是findfaultwith…（挑剔，找岔子）這一結(jié)構(gòu)，答案C；例②考查的是makethemostof…todosth.這一搭配，意為“充分利用…來做某事”，答案A；例③考查的是pany這一結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“給某人作伴”，所以答案B；例④考查的是placeanorder這一搭配，意為“下定單”，答案A；例⑤考查的是makeone’spoint這一詞組結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“闡明某人的觀點”，只是命題者將這一結(jié)構(gòu)中的point提前作先行詞，讓考生在定語從句中尋找這一搭配，答案C；例⑥考查的是take…forexample這一短語，命題者將其順序打亂，正常語序為“taketheneatly-dressedwomanIusedtosee–orlookat–onmywaytoworkeachmorningforexample”,所以答案為B。通過觀察，我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)：命題者粉碎“動詞+名詞（+介詞）”這一結(jié)構(gòu)的常用方法有三種：一，直接隱去結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞或名詞，有時是介詞，如例①③④。二，將結(jié)構(gòu)中的詞序打亂，有時轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)，有時將動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為過去分詞或不定式置于名詞之后，作后置定語，如例②⑥；又如：Attemptshadbeenmadebyotherstoclassifyplantspeciesintogroups,butthebreakthroughcamewiththeworkofCarlLinnaeus(SEFCSBook3Unit4Thebirthofascience)。三，將結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞提前作為先行詞，而動詞（和介詞）在定語從句中，如例⑤；又如：（1）CarlLinnaeusearnedthe“Fatherofclassification”forthecontributionhemadetogroupingplantspecies(SEFCSBook3Unit4Thebirthofascience)；（2）Byintroducingabrandnametopotentialcustomers,andbyassociatingtheproductwiththecustomers’needs,companiesareabletoinfluencethechoicescustomersmake(SEFCBook3Unit5Advertising)。再看以下考題：一．單項選擇：1.I’msureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasaprettygood______ofdirection.(浙江卷)A.ideaB.feelingC.experienceD.sense（考查短語haveasenseof，答案D）2.Alotofattention,Ithink,shouldbe______thepollutiontoourdrinkingwater.（江西金太陽百所名校示范卷九）A.madetocontrolB.madetocontrollingC.paidtocontrolD.paidtocontrolling（考查動詞短語payattentionto后接doing這一結(jié)構(gòu)，答案D）3.Aftertheearthquake,theinjuredwerecared______inthelocalhospitalsortakenbyairtohospitalsintheneighboringcities.(江西卷)A.ofB.forC.afterD.with（考查詞組搭配carefortheinjured，答案B）二．完形填空：1.Thegreat__47__inexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthirtyyearsshowsthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,havearighttogettheopportunitytofullydeveloptheirabilities.（江西金太陽百所名校示范卷五）A.interestB.joyC.surpriseD.disappointment(考查showinterestin這一結(jié)構(gòu)，show變成過去分詞作后置定語，答案A)2.Ifearedthemarriagemightbeintrouble,soImadeupa(n)______togototheirdoorandcheckonthem.（北京西城抽樣測試）A.apologyB.troubleC.excuseD.regret（考查makeupanexcuse“編造借口”，答案C）3.Why,youfool,heusedhisvoiceandaskedforthem.I’vebeen___53___thatonallmycustomerstoday,butIknowforsureI’dcatchyou.A.tryingB.provingC.practicingD.examining(考查trysth.onsb“用某事耍某人”，答案A)4.Asforthis,thereisagreatdifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandinsects.Theformer_37_everypossibleefforttoavoidbeingdiscovered,whilethelatter…(重慶卷)A.doB.takeC.makeD.try（考查makeanefforttodo，“努力做某事”，答案C）提示：在解完形填空時，我們一般都從上下文語境考慮，但當無法從上下文語境來判定的時候，我們不妨從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和短語搭配上著手，往往有意想不到的收獲。三．短文改錯在短文改錯中，命題者或偷梁換柱，魚目混珠，或增減成分，混淆是非。例如：①Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(全國卷)②Wehavealotoncommonandhavealottotalkabout.(福建卷)③ItisnotsurprisingthattheSilverGhostwasregarded“thebestcarintheworld”.(安徽卷)④Wewillhaveplentyofsparetimetovisittheareaandhaveafun.(安徽卷)⑤Mymotherwasacareerwomanandhadherownproblemstotakecare,butwhenIneededher,shewasalwaysthere.（湖北卷）解析：例①中考查詞組keepadiary“寫日記”；例②中考查詞組have…incommon“有共同點”；例③考查regard…as…“把…當作…”；例④考查短語havefun“玩得開心”；例⑤考查詞組takecareof“照料”。答案：①把my改成a，②把on改成in，③在regarded后加as.④去掉a，⑤在care后加of。由此看來，在近幾年各地的高考真題中，對此類知識的考查頻率是相當高的，且題型多樣，分布面廣，單項選擇、完形填空和短文改錯均有出現(xiàn)。因此在平時的學習中，應多留意、多積累“動詞+名詞（+介詞）”這一習慣或固定搭配，豐富自己的詞匯。“破鏡重圓”演練平臺一．單項選擇1.Therolecomputers______inoureverydaylifeisofgreatimportance.A.makeB.takeC.bringD.play2.Therescueteammadeevery______tofindthemissingmountainclimber.A.forceB.energyC.effortD.possibility(上海春招)3.Inordertochangeattitudes______employingwomen,thegovernmentisbringinginnewlaws.A.aboutB.ofC.towardsD.on(北京，安徽卷)4.Thepassengerswererobbed______alltheirmoney.A.ofB.offC.fromD.away5.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse______,isthere?(北京卷)A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn6.Atthegateofourschoolthereisasloganwhichreads,“Solidfoundationwillbe_____forthefuturedevelopmentofthestudents.”A.lainB.layC.layingD.laid7.New______maybethrownuponthecauseofcancerbyresearch______isnowinprogress.A.information,whatB.light,thatC.opinion,whichD.things,what8.Haroldfounditalmostimpossibletobreakthecontracthe______withhismanager.A.madeB.hadmadeC.hasgivenD.wouldhavegive9.Sincewecan’tfindabiggerapartment,thebesthastobe______whatwehave.A.madeofB.madefromC.madeupD.madefor10.Thecaptain______anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed11.—Iwanttoknowwhetherwewillgohikingtodayortomorrow.—Doesthatmakeany______?A.changeB.importanceC.valueD.difference12.Theoperationsare______withdifferenttools.A.preferredB.performedC.providedD.practiced13.InanextraordinarydetailedexpositionAucklandMuseumpays______tothisgreatNewZealander,SirEdmundHillaryA.attentionB.respectC.admirationD.honor14.OnApril1,manypeopleliketo______tricksontheirfriends.A.makeB.playC.takeD.receive15.Ourtimemustbemadefulluse______ourspokenEnglish.A.topracticeB.ofpracticingC.oftopracticeD.practicing16.Hisfamilywassopoorthatforhimlifeseemedto______nopromise.A.followB.holdC.keepD.make17.Youshould______advicefromyourlawyeronthismatter.A.askB.giveC.findD.seek18.I’mafraidtotellyouthatthemedicinewill_____nodifferencetoyourillness,sostoptakingit.A.takeB.makeC.getD.do19.Everyoneintheclassroom______hisattentionontheteacherwhenshewasspeaking.A.paidB.drewC.fixedD.put20.ThespeechbythemayorofShanghaibeforethefinalvotingforEXPO2022isstronglyimpressed______mymemory.A.toB.overC.byD.on21.Wewill______achanceontheweatherandhavethepartyoutdoors.A.takeB.tryC.getD.make22.Nomatterhowsheexplainedshecouldn’t______theboy’sunderstanding.A.arriveB.reachC.receiveD.make23.Immediateactionmustbe______beforeitistoolate.A.takenB.madeC.carriedD.put24.Herparentshavegreat______onherandshewantstobecomeateacherinthefuture.A.effectB.effortC.affectD.expressionaretoldtothinkofeach______theymustmaketowin.A.moveB.stepC.jumpD.place26.Iwillshowyouhowtohittheballandthenyoumust______myexample.A.copyB.watchC.setD.make27.Theoldfurniturewastakenoutto______thenew.A.makeroomforB.makeroomstoC.makeplaceforD.makeplacesto28.Mr.Stevenskept______ofhisbusinessbytelephonewhenbewasinhospital.A.relationB.connectionC.informationD.track29.Theystartedofflateandgottotheairportwithfewminutesto______.A.spareB.catchC.leaveD.makewomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom(上海卷)31.—Whatdoyouthinkofthegirl?—Sheisastronggirlandisnevereasytolose_____beforehardship.A.heartB.faceC.handD.arm32.—Whenwasthemeetingover?—Shortlyafteryouleftit______toanend.A.putB.wentC.cameD.brought33.Herson,towhomshewasso______,wentabroadtenyearsago.A.lovedB.caredC.devotedD.affected(上海卷)34.Don’tbeworried;we’lltryeverypossiblemeansto______theneedsofyou.A.satisfyB.pleaseC.meetD.give35.Hehadgreatdifficultyinsupportinghisfamilybecausehehadbeen______offworkforalongtime.A.laidB.takenC.separatedD.cut36.Whenthefamousscientistwasmakingaspeech,manyeyeswere______onhim.A.setB.centeredC.fixedD.aimed37.—YoumusttakegreatpainstolearnEnglishwell.—Iwill.Noeffortswillbe______inthestudyofit.A.takenB.sharedC.spentD.sparedhavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesn’tmakeany______tome.A.meaningB.importanceC.senseD.significance(上海春招)39.Oneofthebestwaysforpeopletokeepfitisto______healthyeatinghabits.A.growB.developC.increaseD.raise（湖北卷）二．完形填空1.Astheletterdisappeared,theman______intotears.A.joyedB.burstC.laughedD.cried(2022名校聯(lián)考)2.Somethirtypercentoftheworld’sexportsofteamakesits______toLondon.（2022重慶診斷）A.routeB.wayC.directionD.journey3.Hewassurethatbywashingclotheshecould______enoughmoneytoattendschool.A.collectB.spareC.findD.make（2022西城抽樣）4.Mr.Breen___39___themallbynameandtheysometimesevenhadtheirorderalreadymadeup,alwaysgettingmetocarryitouttotheircar.A.soldB.knewC.gaveD.sent(2022年江西卷)5.HegavemeacentforeverynailI______outofoldboardsA.pulledB.putC.pickedD.pressed(2022年北京卷)6.Mymainresponsibilitieswere______tablesandwashingdishes,butsometimesIhelpedcook.A.sweepingB.packingC.clearingD.emptying(2022年北京卷)7.WordthatIwastrustworthyandhard-working______aroundtown.A.ranB.gotC.flewD.carried(2022年北京卷)8.Theword“spaghetti”broughtbackthe__36___ofaneveningatUncleAllen’sinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthetable…..A.memoryB.thoughtC.knowledgeD.experience(2022年全國卷)9.Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhadawonderfulvacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyet__40_.A.developedB.takenC.washedD.loaded(2022年福建卷)10Shesteppedintothe___16___androwedoutsilently.A.carB.boatC.shipD.sail(2022年天津卷)11.ButIconsidereditpartofthegradegamewe’repushedinto__55_toaimatgoingtothebestschools.A.takingB.playingC.makingD.enjoying（江西金太陽2022屆百所名校示范卷11）三．短文改錯1.Asisknowntoall,theInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartonourlife.2.LadiesandGentlemen,mayIpayyourattention,please?3.Theyhopedthattheirchildrencouldbetaughtthelessonfromthedinner.4.Althoughwehavebeenmembersforashortperiodoftime,wehavemadeagreatprogress.(2022年福建卷第79題)5.Hespentthreehourspickupmoonrocks.6.SothissummervacationIamgoingtogetdowntoreadsomebooks.答案解析：一．單項選擇：1.答案D,詞組playarolein,“在…扮演角色”；2．答案C,詞組makeaneffortto,“努力去做”；3．答案C,詞組changeattitudetowards,“改變對…的態(tài)度”；4．答案A,短語搭配robsb.ofsth.,“搶/偷走某人某物”；5．答案B，詞組turntosb.“向某人求助”；6．答案D，詞組laythefoundation，“奠定基礎(chǔ)”；7．答案B，詞組throwlighton/upon，“闡明，解釋”；8．答案B，詞組makeacontractwithsb.，“和某人簽約”；9．答案A，詞組makethebestof，“充分利用”；10.答案A，詞組makeanapology，“道歉”；11.答案D，詞組makeadifference，“有關(guān)系”；12.答案B，詞組performanoperation，“做手術(shù)”；13.答案D，詞組payhonorto，“尊敬…”；14.答案B，詞組playtrickson，“捉弄”；15.答案C，詞組結(jié)構(gòu)makeuseofsth.todo，“利用…做…”；16.答案B，詞組holdpromise，“有希望”；17.答案D，詞組seekadvicefrom，“向…尋求建議”；18.答案B，詞組makenodifference，“沒有影響”；19.答案C，詞組fixone’sattentiononsth./payone’sattentiontosth.“集中注意力于…”；20.答案D，詞組impresson，“給…以深刻印象”；21.答案A，詞組takeachance，“冒險”；22.答案B，詞組reachone’sunderstanding，“使…明白”；23.答案A,詞組takeaction,“采取行動”；24.答案A，詞組haveaneffecton，“對…有影響”；25.答案A，詞組搭配makeeachmovetodo，“采取每一步行動去做…”；26.答案.A，詞組copyone’sexample，“效仿…”；27.答案A，詞組makeroomfor，“為…讓出地方”；28.答案D，詞組keeptrackof，“與…保持聯(lián)系”；29.答案A，動詞搭配sparesometime，“抽出時間”；30.答案D，動詞搭配talkwithsb.，“和某人談話”；31.答案A，詞組loseheart，“灰心”；32.答案C，動詞詞組搭配cometoanend/putittoanend，“結(jié)束”；33.答案C，動詞結(jié)構(gòu)bedevotedtosb./devoteoneselftosb.，“慈愛某人”；34.答案C，詞組meetone’sneeds，“滿足某人的需要”；35.答案A，動詞搭配laysboffwork/belaidoffwork，“使某人下崗”；36.答案C，詞組fixone’seyeson，“注意看…”；37.答案D，動詞短語sparenoeffortstodo/insth.，“不遺余力地做某事”,38.答案C,詞組makesenseto“使…明白”；39.答案B，詞組develophabits，“培養(yǎng)習慣”。二．完形填空：1.答案B，詞組burstintotears，“突然大哭”；2.答案B，詞組makeone’swayto，“前往…”3.答案D，動詞搭配makemoney，“賺錢”；4.答案B，詞組knowsb.byname，“叫得出某人的名字”；5.答案A，動詞詞組pullsth.outof，“從…中拔出…”；6.答案C，詞組cleartables，“清理桌子”；7.答案B，結(jié)構(gòu)wordgetsaround，“消息傳來”；8.答案A，詞組搭配bringbackthememoryof，“回想起…”；9.答案A,動詞搭配developfilms,“沖洗膠卷”；10.答案B，動詞搭配rowaboat，“劃船”；11.答案B，結(jié)構(gòu)playthegame，“玩游戲”。三．短文改錯：1.把on改成in,詞組playapartin…；2.把pay改成have,詞組haveone’sattention,“引起某人的注意”；3.把the改成a，短語搭配teachsb.alesson，“給某人一個教訓”；4.把第二個a去掉，動詞詞組makeprogress,“取得進步”；5.把pick改成picking，動詞結(jié)構(gòu)spendtimedoing；6.把read改成reading，動詞詞組getdownto后接doing.。以下多面“鏡子”供你“參照”1.achieveone’sambition/goal實現(xiàn)某人的愿望/目標 2.claimtheinsurance索賠保險金3.accomplishone’saim達到某人的目的 4.commitacrime犯罪5.breaka/one’spromise違背諾言 6.consultadoctor找醫(yī)生看病7.congratulatesbonsth.因為某事祝賀某人 8.covertheexpense支付開支9.conductasurvey/anexperiment做調(diào)查/實驗 10.coveranevent采訪事件11.deliverareport/speech