2015年職稱英語理工類B真題及答案

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！2015理工B真題及答案職稱外語考試各級別、專業(yè)的試題全部為客觀題，在答題卡上作答?？忌鷳?yīng)考時，可攜帶一本正式出版的通用外語詞典（不得攜帶電子詞典以及專門為職稱外語考試編寫的詞典）、2B鉛筆、橡皮、黑色墨水筆。第一部分詞匯選項（第1-15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible2.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate3.IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.A.limitB.fearC.powerD.fool4.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.A.excuseB.clientC.destinyD.refusal5.She'sextremelycompetentandindustrious.A.hardworkingB.honestC.objectiveD.independent6.Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.A.hideB.handleC.discloseD.establish7.Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.A.clearB.shareC.gatherD.spare8.Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.A.messageB.punishmentC.guiltD.obligation9.Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.A.flexibleB.terribleC.reasonableD.serious10.Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.A.poorerthanB.narrowerthanC.largerthanD.richerthan11.Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.worsenedD.developed12.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.A.coexistingB.fairC.fullD.pubic13.They'repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking14.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.A.unkindB.properC.normalD.unclear15.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.A.amountB.supplyC.sumD.temp第二部分閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷；如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutantsChildrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled（吸入）acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That'sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren'tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHstrash.：theburningoffossilfuels,woodandFredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity'sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren'shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew（排放）PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera'steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe（探查）othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat'swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman'sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild'smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained（長期的）mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects'physicalhealth.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第三部分概括大意與完成句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（）第23-26題要求從所給的6個選項中為指定段落每段選擇1個小標(biāo)題；（）第27-30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項。FirstImage-recognitionssoftware1）DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.2）Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（運算法則）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixeldatainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtoother（像素）photoswithouttagsorcaptions（圖片說明），makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3）"Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch"4）Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（語義的）informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查詢）onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.23.Paragraph1___D__24.Paragraph2___C__25.Paragraph3__E___26.Paragraph4__F___A.PopularityofthenewsystemB.PublicationofthenewdiscoveryC.FunctionofthenewsystemD.ArtificialintelligencesoftwarecreatedE.ProblemsoftheexistingsearchenginesF.Improvementiindocumentretrieval27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby__C___.28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin___E__.29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore___A__.30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe__B___.A.informationinimagesB.currentpopularsearchenginesC.usingphotosD.machinevisionsystemsE.documentsearchF.descriptionoftheHTMLpage第四部分閱讀理解（第31-45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第1篇WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they'reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy（樹冠）oftallerindigenous（土生土長的）trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen'tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators（捕食者）inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas"shadegrown"and"birdfriendly."Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe'repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit'sworthit.31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.32.Thefunctionoftheword"Traditionally"inParagraph2istoshow_____.A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.33.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?A.Moreinsects.B.Betterqualitycoffee.C.Largerfarms.D.Higherprofits.34.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?A.Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.B.Theycutdowntrees.C.Theymovetoanothercountry.D.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.35.Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPT_____.A.insects.B.air.C.brids.D.humans.第2篇MoreRuralResearchisNeededAgriculturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditselfbetterthanitdoesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientist,saiddemandwasgrowingat2.5%peryearbutwithmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones,theworldshouldbeabletostayahead."TheglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagriculturalresearchmustbereversedifsignificantprogressistobemadetowardsreducingmalnutritionResearchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradationandpoverty."hesaid.（貧瘠化）andenvironmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomicgrowthwhichisturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedapictureoftheworld'sabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25years,whentheworld'spopulationisexpectedtorisefrom5XtoXbillionpeople.Hesaidthatthingswillprobablyholdorimprovebutthere'llstillbealotofhungrypeople.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbeinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthernAsiain2020,similartothecurrentipattern.Ifthereisanychange,asligheimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,butnotinsub-SaharanAfrica.ThemajorimprovementwillbeinEastAsia,SouthAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.Thedebelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5%,or$8billionayear,ofitsagriculturalgrossdomesticproduct（）onresearchanddevelopedworldwasspending2.5%ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfromallcountries.Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnologiesthatspreadacrossmanycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offs（有用的副產(chǎn)品）forMexico,ChinaorIndia."Technologiesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbutalotofthestrategicresearchcanhaveglobalapplication,sothatmoneycanbeusedveryefficiently."Dr.Fischersaid.Yieldsofrice,wheatadmaizehavegrownimpressivelyinthepast30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnologiesdrivingthisgrowthsuchashigh-yieldvarieties,fertilizers,andirrigation,werebecomingexhausted."Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agriculturalactivities,forforestsandwildlife,you'regoingtohavetoincreaseyield."Dr.Fischersaid.36.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Shortageoffoodsupplies.B.Developmentofagriculturaltechnologies.C.Impactofagriculturalresearch.D.Expectationofpopulationgrowth.37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheworld'sagriculturalresearchfunding?A.Itisincreasingamongdevelopedcountries.B.Itisdecreasingworldwide.C.Lessisdemandedfromdevelopingcountries.D.Mostofitisspentveryefficiently.38.WhatisthepictureofAsia'sfoodsuppliesinthefirst25years?A.Foodshortagewillnotbeaproblem.B.TherewillbemorehungrypeopleinsouthernAsia.C.Populationgrowthwillresultinmorehungrypeople.D.TherewillbefewerhungrypeopleinEastAsia.39.WhatdoesDr.Fischersayabouttechnologies?A.Theyarecostly.B.Theyhavetobeimprovedtomeetlocalneeds.C.Theirapplicationislimited.D.Theyhavetobeappliedlocally.40.Itcanbeinferedfromthelastparagraphthat_____.A.thereisademandforsavinglandfornon-agriculturalactivities.B.cropproductionisgrowingfasterindevelopingcountries.C.maizeproductionreacheditspeakinthe1990s.D.technologiesimprovingmaizeproductionhavebeenwelldeveloped.第3篇DangersawaitbabieswithaltitudeWomenwholiveintheworld'shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn'tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourishedmanypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1976and1998.ThebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocitiesLaPazandSantaCruz.LPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.：Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz."Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult，"saysGiussani.Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygenbeforebirth."ThismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchildGiussani.，"saysHisteamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetorestofthebody.Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronary（冠狀的）heartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.41.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A.Babiesborntowealthyfamiliesareheaver.B.Womenlivingathighaltitudetendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C.Newbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverage.D.Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife.42.Giussaniandhisteamaresurethat_____.A.babiesborninLancePazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruz.B.peoplelivingathighaltitudestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.C.thebirthweightofbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesisSantaCruz.D.mothersinLaPazarecommonlyunder-nourished.43.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatGiussanisaysinParagraph4that_____.A.thefindingwasunexpectedB.hewasverytired.C.thestudytooklongerthanexpected.D.hewassurprisedtofindlow-incomefamiliesinLaPaz.44.Theresultsofthestudyindicatethereasonfortheunderweightbabiesis_____.A.lackofcertainnutrition.B.powertyoftheirmother.C.differentfamilybackgrounds.D.reductionofoxygenlevels.45.Itcanbelearnedaboutformtheparagraphthat_____.A.high-altitudebabiestendtohavehighbloodpressureinlaterlife.B.under-weightbabieshaveashorterlifespan.C.babiesborntopoorfamilieslackhormonesbeforebirth.D.newbornwealthyfamilieshavelargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.第五部分補全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。SavingaCity'sPublicArtAvoidingtrafficjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity'scolorfulfreewaymurals（壁畫）canbrighteneventheworstcommute.Paintingsthatdepict（描述）famouspeopleandhistoricalscenescoverofficebuildingsandfreewaywallsallacrossthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2000murals,LosAngelesistheunofficialmuralcapitaloftheworld.，Butthecombinationofgraffiti（涂鴉）,pollution,andhotsunhasleftmanyL.A.muralsinterriblecondition.___A__46Inthepast,expertssay,littleattentionwasgiventocaringforpublicart.Artistswereevenexpectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway.___D__（47Theworkstartedin2003.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselected,andmoremaybeaddedlater.Untilabout1960,publicmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,youngL.A.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMexicanmuralpainting.___C__ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca's"TheGreatWall,"a13-foot-highpaintingthatrunsforhalfamile（）（4-meter-high）（0.8kilometer）inNorthHollywood，__E___（49ittookeightyearstocomplete—400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesignsandisprobablythelongestmuralintheworld.OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell's"SeventhStreetAltarpiece."whichhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympicsin1984.__B___gatewaythroughwhichthetravelertoL.A.mustdrive.（50Twitchellsaid,"ItwasmeantasakindofTheopenhandsrepresentpeace.”Artistsoftencallmuralsthepeople'sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanreachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,"Muralsgiveavoicetothesilentmajority，"saidoneartist.A.Thecitytryingtostopthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralscomplete.B.ThisstrikingworkdepictstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.C.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMexicanartists.D.Nowthecityisbeginningahugeprojecttorestorethecity'smurals.E.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethnicgroupsinCalifornia.F.Soon,theirmuralsbecameasymbolofthecity'sculturalexpressionsandashowcaseforL.A.'sculturaldiversity.第六部分完形填空（第52-65題，每題1分，共15分）下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。I'llBeBachComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan't_____betweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach（1685-1750）andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope'scomputer.（51）thedifferenceItallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowriteanopera.Hewashaving_____（52）thinkingofnewmelodies,sohewroteacomputerprogramtocreat