高考英語閱讀理解新題型(七選五)講與練

高考英語閱讀理解新題型（七選五）講與練【特點分析】該類題型要求從短文后的七個選項中（均為完整的句子）選出五個能填入文章空處的最佳選項，主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題形式深受英語四六級和考研閱讀多項選擇題的影響，體現(xiàn)了《新課標(biāo)》“用英語獲取、處理和運用信息的能力；逐步獲取用英語思維的能力?！钡拈喿x學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)理念。該題型命題形式仍然具有客觀題的特點，又與完形填空具有異曲同工之妙，只是選項少，以句子形式出現(xiàn)，考查目的和側(cè)重點不完全相同而已。從《考試說明》對該題型命題目的的表述“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！笨梢缘贸鲆韵屡袛啵涸擃}備選項可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容）、過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三方面進行設(shè)置，例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題，過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等?！绢}型分析】分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，把握全篇文脈是閱讀填空題解題的關(guān)鍵，英語的語篇（discourse）通常是由句子和語段（sentencegroup）構(gòu)成的，語段是句子和語篇之間的中間層次，句子雖然能夠單獨地表達相對完整的思想，但是它不能表達多方面的、比較復(fù)雜的思想，只有把幾個句子結(jié)合為較大的言語片段，才能表達一個相對獨立的層意，所謂的“積句而成章，積章而成篇。”就是這個道理。分析文章的層次包含兩種形式：一種是分析整篇文章的層次，也就是段落，另一種是分析每一個段落內(nèi)部的層次，也就是語篇層次。語篇與段落是有區(qū)別的，語段是篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的中間層次，是由句子到篇的一種過渡形式，段落（paragraph）是在某些語體（如記敘文、議論文）中比語段更大的意義單位，較小的段落可以只包括一個語段或一個句子，一般來說，一個段落通常由幾個語段構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成語段的方式有兩種，一是靠句際間意義的結(jié)合，二是靠句際間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，邏輯性插入語來連接，在分析語段層次時，可以借助句際間的連接詞語作出判斷，但最主要的還是要真正體會句際間的意義關(guān)系，把握作者的思路，從語序上去發(fā)現(xiàn)斷續(xù)點，理清層次，好文章的層次非常清晰，只有層層入手，才能真正理解文章。例如：（2009年高考英語遼寧卷閱讀理解新題型樣題）第二節(jié)（共5小題:每小題2分,滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabatterstudentinseveralways71Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takingoffersvarietytoyourstudytimeandhelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.Youwillwanttotakenotesduringclassroomdiscussionsandwhilereadingatextbookordoingresearchforareport.72Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes,keepinmindthatnote-takingisaselectiveprocess.73Thefollowingmethodsmayworkbestforyou.●Readthetextquicklytofindthemainfactsandideasinit.●Carefullyreadthetextandwatchforwordsthatcanshowmainpointsandsupportingfacts.●

Writeyournotesinyourownwords.●

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Noteanyquestionsorideasyoumayhaveaboutwhatwassaidorwritten.Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand(速記).Whenyoudo,besurethatyouunderstandyoursymbolsandthatyouusethemallthetime.75A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.D.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.G.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.答案：GEFAD分析：這篇文章整體分為四個段落層次，每個段落均由幾個語段構(gòu)成相對獨立地語義單位，各段都圍繞“Takinggoodnotes”這樣一個中心話題，形成了文章的線性結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段講述的是做筆記是好學(xué)生在多方面的一項省時技巧，第二段講述的是不管何時、用何種方法做筆記，都要有選擇性的做記錄，第三段講述的是做筆記的最佳方法，第四段講述的是要記住自己的速記符號，這就形成了文章的層次結(jié)構(gòu)，這對下一步的做題有了明確的整體方向。【解題策略】1．理清句際間意義的關(guān)系文章的內(nèi)容是根據(jù)各層各段的大意有機地組合而成，各個層次，各個段落之間不管怎樣錯落有致，但它所表達的內(nèi)容都是要圍繞中心的，各句之間都有一定的語脈，從邏輯意義上來看，語段的句際關(guān)系可分為平列、順序、層遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果等關(guān)系。構(gòu)成語段的各個句子之間有時可以包含一種以上的句際關(guān)系。因此，理解閱讀材料時一定要把握語脈，理清句際間的關(guān)系，進而理解語段或全文的內(nèi)容。如上述2009年高考英語遼寧卷閱讀理解新題型樣題中，第一段的第一句“Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabatterstudentinseveralways”與下面幾句是解釋關(guān)系，解釋關(guān)系是指后面的句子對前面的句子作解釋、引申、例證，使意思更加明了、具體。后三句之間是平列關(guān)系，平列關(guān)系指句與句之間處于平等并列的地位，互不相屬，而只是組合在一起共同說明一個問題。平列關(guān)系組合的語段，在次序上并不固定，如果局部改變句子的相互位置并不改變整個語段的意思。第二段的第一句與第二句是層遞關(guān)系，層遞關(guān)系是一種固定的順序關(guān)系，但又不同與順序關(guān)系，順序關(guān)系指構(gòu)成語段的各句子只能按事物發(fā)展的過程由先而后地順序排列，不可隨意改變次序，通常在記敘文或描述固定的操作程序的說明文中用得普遍，而層遞關(guān)系組合的語段是按語意的輕重、認(rèn)識的深淺作由輕到重、由淺入深的排列。第三句與第四句是解釋關(guān)系，第一、二句組合為一個語段，第三、四句組合為另外一個語段，語段與語段之間是總分關(guān)系，總分關(guān)系是指前面的句子陳述兩個過兩個以上的對象，后面的句子緊接著分別對它們加以說明。用這種方式組合的語段能夠前呼后應(yīng)，彼此配合，使語脈清楚，條分縷析，如“Wheneverorhoweveryoutakenotes”一句與前兩句前呼后應(yīng)，彼此配合，為前句選“E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.”埋伏了一筆，邏輯性很強。第三段的第一句與下面幾句是解釋關(guān)系，而后列舉的方法是平列關(guān)系。第四段的最后兩句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系指句與句之間存在意義的轉(zhuǎn)折，通常表達對比或?qū)φ盏囊馑肌?．找出句子之間的連接性的詞語文章的語句間的組合，除了從語句間的意義關(guān)系分析外，還可借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握，因為連接性詞語能表明這個語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系是承接關(guān)系（如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等）平列關(guān)系（如first,second,third…;firstly,secondly,thirdly…;first,next,then…;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace…;foronething,foranotherthing…;tobeginwith,toconclude等）。比如文章中的選項71，由Second、Third得知應(yīng)選表示平列關(guān)系的句子G.項。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,inspiteof,atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whateveronthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast,incomparison,bycomparison,conversely,otherwise等）。比如選項75，與前句構(gòu)成了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選D項答案。層遞關(guān)系（如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,inaddition,what’smore,too,either,neither,not…but…,notonly…butalso等）。如72選項，與前句組合為層遞關(guān)系，故應(yīng)選包含also的E.項句子。解釋關(guān)系，如73選項應(yīng)選F.選項，與74選項平等的，是一組祈示句，而非陳述句，故應(yīng)選A.項而非B項?？傊?，對一個語段或語篇的分析，可以按以下步驟進行：（1）通讀全文，對文章進行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。在閱讀過程中，要注意文章的開始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因為“開門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在，說明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容，并簡要指出文章的寫作思路，有時甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式進行呈現(xiàn)。首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果它是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開，并對文章的寫作主題有了整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時，可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式，如兩者均可排除，則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意，首段與末段的提示作用。（2）詳讀段落，在短時間內(nèi)，找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會根據(jù)整體文章寫作主題展開，對文章主體進行的不同方面的描述。找出各個小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。（3）定位選項，明確各備選選項的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項填入文中，填寫時尤為注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。在定位選項時，要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選項放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。一篇文章作為一個整體，是有其寫作的線索與思路的，在選項定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫作線索，文章的寫作思路的連貫使文章的每個段落、每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一體。如果帶入選項后，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更換其它選項。（4）通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。在完成選項定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語義是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時，我們還應(yīng)注意對相近選項的對比分析，個別干擾項由于與某個正確選項的內(nèi)容相近具有很強的干擾性，這時就需要我們認(rèn)真分析，仔細甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項。要特別注意，除非有充分的理由否定向前的選擇，否則不要倉促更改。只要前兩步投入了精力，動了腦筋，第一印象往往可信度很高。（5）確定排除，研究多余選項，確定排除理由，最終確定答案?！究碱}預(yù)測】1.內(nèi)容選擇：閱讀新題型文章選擇要注重兩個方面的內(nèi)容：一是選材注重選取貼近考生、貼近生活、新穎的、時代感強的材料，以體現(xiàn)考綱中明確提出的“命題重視‘新材料、新情境’的創(chuàng)設(shè)與運用，測試考生的綜合語言運用能力”的指導(dǎo)思想。如2007年短文填空話題是“學(xué)生假期組織俱樂部”；2008年短文填空是貼近考生的“如何作筆記”話題。2009年短文填空是話題；二是所選文章內(nèi)容邏輯性強，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，便于學(xué)生在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上，進行綜合理解，并對于一些信息進行概括或充分表達。2.文章長度：07年短文填空為270左右；08年短文填空為270詞左右，09年短文填空為270詞左右。總之，文章的選擇不能太短（少于250詞）或太長（多于350）。另外，文章的長度還會與整套試題中閱讀的總詞數(shù)有關(guān)。3.文體的選擇：文章的選擇以說明、議論、夾敘夾議等為主，單純以時間或事件為線索的記敘文不宜于考察邏輯思維能力，出現(xiàn)機率不大?！揪毩?xí)】（1）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。_71_Oneofthebestthingsyoucanpossiblydoistostartyouownclub.It’sgreatfunespeciallyifyouarethesortofpersonwhofeelsthere’sneveranythingtododuringtheschoolholidays.Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforyourclub._72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?Thelistisendless.Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou._73_Allyouneedisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedinthesamethingasyou._74Youshouldallsitdownsomewheretogetherwithlotsofpiecesofpaperandwritedowneverynameyoucanthinkup.That’llkeepyoubusyforages.Atyourfirstmeetingyoushouldmakeuparulebook.Andthefirstruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!Thebestclubsarealwayssecret!Nowyouhavejustabouteverythingyouneed,exceptmembershipcards.Theseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedalotoftimemakingthem.75Whynotleavesomespaceforaphotoofyourself?Thatwillmakethemembershipcardreallylooklikeit.Sothereyouare,getclubbing!Onceyougetstartedyou’llthinkofloadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!A.That’seasy.B.Enjoyyourownclub!C.Inviteadesignertojoinyou.D.Whatareyouinterestin?E.Somevacationisjustaroundthecorner.F.Thenyouneedtopickanameforyourclub.G.Useabrightthickpentomakeaspecialdesign.（2）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中的兩項為多途選項。Areyoutrulyhappy?Doyoueverknowwhatitmeanstobehappyandwhatittakestoachievehappiness?__71___.ThefollowingareafewtipsthatIfollowtocreatehappinessinmylife.※Makeaplanforattaininggoalsthatyoubelievewillmakeyouhappy.Yourmoodswillverylikelyincreaseifyouaregoingaftersomethingyouvalue.※Surroundyourselfwithhappypeople.Itiseasytobegintothinknegativelywhenyouaresurroundedbypeoplewhothinkthatway.___72___.※Whensomethinggoeswrong,trytofigureoutasolutioninsteadofbeingabsorbedinselfpity.Trulyhappypeopledon’tallowsetbackstoaffecttheirmoodbecausetheyknowthatwithalittlethoughttheycanturnthecircumstancesbacktotheirfavor.※__73_.Thesefewminuteswillgiveyoutheopportunitytofocusonthepositivethingsinyourlifeandwillleadyoutocontinuoushappiness.※74.Whetheryoutreatyourselftolunch,takealong,relaxingbathorsimplyspendafewextraminutesonyourappearance,youwillbesubconsciously(下意識地)puttingyourselfinabettermood.※Findingthehumorinsituationscanalsoleadtohappiness.Findawaytomakelightofasituationthatwouldotherwisemakeyouhappy.※Keepinghealthyisanotherwaytoachievehappiness.75.A．Whatmakesonepersonhappymaybeverydifferentfromwhatmakessomeoneelsehappy.B．Onthecontrary,ifyouarearoundpeoplewhoarehappy,theiremotionalstatewillbeinfectious.C．BeingoverweightornoteatingnutritiousfoodscanhaveanegativeeffectonyourmooD．D．Theseareimportantquestionsforanyonewhoisseekinghappinesstoaskthemselves.E．Spendafewminuteseachdaythinkingaboutthethingsthatmakeyouhappy.F．Therearesometipsinlifethatleadtohappiness.G．It’salsoimportanttotakesometimeeachdaytodosomethingniceforyourself.（3）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。__71___.Beingangrydoesn’treallysolvemuch,butwhatpeopledowhentheyfeelangryisimportant.Thegoalistocalmdownandtrytosolvewhatisbotheringyou.Thisishardforsomekidsandadults,too.Insteadofcalmingdown,somekidsmightkeepgettingmoreandmoreupsetuntiltheyexplodelikeavolcano!__72___.Theirangermightbesostrongthattheylosecontroloftheirtemper.Theymayactinwaysunacceptableandhurtful.Peoplemaysaythatsomeonehastroublecontrollingtheirtemper.__73___Somekidsmightgetsoangrythattheyscreamattheirparents,breaksomething,orevenworse,hittheirbrothersorsisters._74____.However,it’snotOKforakidtodoanyofthosethings.Kidsdon’twanttoactinthisway,butsometimesangryfeelingscanbehardtomanage.Sowhattodo?Well,thegoodnewsisthatkidsdon’tjusthavetokeepmakingthesamemistakesoverandoveragain.__75___.Imagineyourtemperasapuppyinsideyouthatneedssometraining.Thepuppyisnotbad----itwillprobablyturnoutagreatdog.Itjustneedstolearnsomerulesbecause,rightnow,thatpuppyiscausingsomeproblemstoyou.A.Youcantrainyoutemper.B.Youdon’twanttocausetrouble.C.Kidsshouldbeallowedtoexpresstheirfeelings,evenangryones.D.Everybodygetsangrysometimes.E.Infact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeelingangry.F.Insteadofthinkingofthepersonyou’reangrywith,thinkofsomethingelse.G.Somekidsgetangrymoreoftenormoreeasilythansomeotherkids.（4）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。Choosingtherightjobisprobablyoneofthemostimportantdecisionswehavetomakeinlife,anditisfrequentlyoneofthehardestdecisionswehavetomake.Oneimportantquestionthatyoumightaskyourselfis:“HowdoIgetagoodjob?”___71___.Therearepeoplewhocanansweraninsignificantadvertisementinthelocalpaperandlandthebestjobintheworld;otherswritetoallsortsofplacesalloverthecountry,andneverseemtogetareplyatall.Stillothersbelievethattheinperson,door-to-doorapproachisbyfarthebestwaytogetajob;andthentherearethosewho,throughnoactivedecisionoftheirown,justseemtobeintherightplaceattherighttime.___72____.Heusedtospendalotofhisfreetimedownbytheseawatchingthetallships,butneverthinkingthathemightonedaysailoneofthem.Hisfatherwasafarmer,andbeingasailorcouldneverbeanythingfortheboybutanidledream.Oneday,onhisusualwandering,heheardthecaptainoftheshipcomplainingthathecouldnotsailbecauseonememberofhiscrewwassick.Withoutstoppingtothink,thelad(少年)offeredtotakehisplace.___73___.__74__.Iftheladhadgonehometoponder（考慮）hisdecisionforaweek,hemayhavemissedhischance.Itisonethingtobeofferedanopportunity;itisanotherthingtotakeitanduseitwell.Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeoplewhobreakalltherulesandstillseemtolandplumjobs（美差）.Whenyougoforajobintervieworfilloutanapplication,youareexpectedtosaynicethingsaboutthecompanytowhichyouareapplying.___75___.Andwithinayearthispersonhadbecomegeneralmangerofthecompany.A．Thisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizinganopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.B．Peoplefindjobsinaninfinitenumberofways.C．it’salmostimpossibletofindagoodjobbyansweringadvertisementinnewspapersD．Takeforexampletheyoungmanwhowantedtobeasailor.E．Buttherewasonepersonwholandedanexcellentjobbytellingtheinterviewerallthecompany’sfaults.F．Hespenttherestofhislifehappilysailingtheshipshehadalwaysloved.G．Itisveryimportanttoseizeanopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.（5）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。_71_Oneofthebestthingsyoucanpossiblydoistostartyouownclub.It’sgreatfunespeciallyifyouarethesortofpersonwhofeelsthere’sneveranythingtododuringtheschoolholidays.Thefirstthingyouneedtocomeupwithisanideaforyourclub._72_Pets,clothes,popmusicordancinggroups,sports,makingthings?Thelistisendless.Nextyouneedsomefriendstobeinyourclubwithyou._73_Allyouneedisthreeorfourotherpeoplewhoareinterestedinthesamethingasyou._74Youshouldallsitdownsomewheretogetherwithlotsofpiecesofpaperandwritedowneverynameyoucanthinkup.That’llkeepyoubusyforages.Atyourfirstmeetingyoushouldmakeuparulebook.Andthefirstruleshouldbenogrown-upsorlittle/bigbrothersorsisters!Thebestclubsarealwayssecret!Nowyouhavejustabouteverythingyouneed,exceptmembershipcards.Theseareveryimportantandagainyoucanspeedalotoftimemakingthem.75Whynotleavesomespaceforaphotoofyourself?Thatwillmakethemembershipcardreallylooklikeit.Sothereyouare,getclubbing!Onceyougetstartedyou’llthinkofloadsofmoreinterestingthingstodo!A．That’seasy.B．Enjoyyourownclub!C．Inviteadesignertojoinyou.D．Whatareyouinterestin?E．Somevacationisjustaroundthecorner.F．Thenyouneedtopickanameforyourclub.G．Useabrightthickpentomakeaspecialdesign.（6）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Beforegoingoutsideinthemorning,manyofuscheckawindowthermometer(溫度計)forthetemperature.Thishelpsusdecidewhattowear._______71______.Wewantourfoodtobeacertaincoldnessintherefrigerator.Wewantitacertainhotnessintheoven.Ifwedon’tfeelwell,weuseathermometertoseeifwehaveafever.Wekeepourroomsacertainwarmthinthewinterandacertaincoolnessinthesummer.Notallthethermometersusethesamesystemtomeasuretemperature.WeuseasystemcalledtheFahrenheitscale.ButmostothercountriesusetheCentigradescale.Bothsystemsusethefreezingandboilingpointsofwaterastheirguide._____72_______.Themostcommonkindofthermometerismadewithmercury(水銀)insideaclearglasstube.Asmercury(oranyotherliquid)becomeshot,itexpands.Asitgetscolder,itcontracts(收縮).Thatiswhyonhotdaysthemercurylineishighintheglasstube.______73______.First.Takeaclearglassjuicebottlethathasacap;fillthebottlewithcolouredwater.Tapaholeinthecenterofthecapusingahammerandthicknail.Putthecaponthejar.Thenstickaplasticstraw(吸管)throughthenailhole._______74____________.Finally.Placeawhitecardontheoutsideofthebottleandbehindthestraw.Nowyoucanseethewaterlevereasily._______75___________.Asthetemperaturegoesdown,thewaterwillcontract,andtheleverinthestrawwillcomedown.Perhapsyouwillwanttokeeparecordofthewaterleverinthestraweachmorningforaweek.A.Weuseanddependonthermometerstomeasurethetemperatureofmanyotherthingsinourdailylives.B.Thermometersmeasuretemperature,byusingmaterialsthatchangeinthesamewaywhentheyareheatedorcooled.C.Nowthatyouknowthisruleyoucanmakeathermometerofyourownthatwillwork.D.Thewaterwillriseinthestraw.Asthetemperatureoftheairgoesup,thewaterwillexpandandriseevenhigher.E.Theylabeltheseindifferentways.OntheFahrenheitscalewaterfreezesat32degreesandboilsat212degrees.OntheCelsiusscalewaterfreezesat0degreesandboilsat100degrees.F.Takewax(youmayuseanoldcandleifyouhaveone)andmeltsomeofitrightwherethestrawisstruckintothecaptoseal(把..粘住)themtogether.G.Peopleusethermometerswhicharemadebythemselveswhentravellingaroundtheworld.（7）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Choosingtherightjobisprobablyoneofthemostimportantdecisionswehavetomakeinlife,anditisfrequentlyoneofthehardestdecisionswehavetomake.Oneimportantquestionthatyoumightaskyourselfis:“HowdoIgetagoodjob?”___71___.Therearepeoplewhocanansweraninsignificantadvertisementinthelocalpaperandlandthebestjobintheworld;otherswritetoallsortsofplacesalloverthecountry,andneverseemtogetareplyatall.Stillothersbelievethattheinperson,door-to-doorapproachisbyfarthebestwaytogetajob;andthentherearethosewho,throughnoactivedecisionoftheirown,justseemtobeintherightplaceattherighttime.___72____.Heusedtospendalotofhisfreetimedownbytheseawatchingthetallships,butneverthinkingthathemightonedaysailoneofthem.Hisfatherwasafarmer,andbeingasailorcouldneverbeanythingfortheboybutanidledream.Oneday,onhisusualwandering,heheardthecaptainoftheshipcomplainingthathecouldnotsailbecauseonememberofhiscrewwassick.Withoutstoppingtothink,thelad（少年）offeredtotakehisplace.___73___.__74__.Iftheladhadgonehometoponder（考慮）hisdecisionforaweek,hemayhavemissedhischance.Itisonethingtobeofferedanopportunity;itisanotherthingtotakeitanduseitwell.Sometimeswehearstoriesaboutpeoplewhobreakalltherulesandstillseemtolandplumjobs（美差）.Whenyougoforajobintervieworfilloutanapplication,youareexpectedtosaynicethingsaboutthecompanytowhichyouareapplying.___75___.Andwithinayearthispersonhadbecomegeneralmangerofthecompany.A.Thisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizinganopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.B.Peoplefindjobsinaninfinitenumberofways.C.it’salmostimpossibletofindagoodjobbyansweringadvertisementinnewspapersD.Takeforexampletheyoungmanwhowantedtobeasailor.E.Buttherewasonepersonwholandedanexcellentjobbytellingtheinterviewerallthecompany’sfaults.F.Hespenttherestofhislifehappilysailingtheshipshehadalwaysloved.G.Itisveryimportanttoseizeanopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.（8）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?___71___.Doyouprefergreysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwouldratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobepessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologiststellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaningofcolourpreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.___72___.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,assoonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseec