2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型突破專題12閱讀理解第2講推理判斷題一對(duì)點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)

文檔從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中收集，已重新修正排版，word格式支持編輯，如有幫助歡迎下載支持。第2講推理判斷題（一）■專題對(duì)點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)推理判斷題（一）A（2016?山西大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三月考）Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreatetoomuchanxietyorstressforyoungathletes（運(yùn)動(dòng)員）.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasshownthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedback（反饋）toyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents,andcoaches,criticismstoheartandfindaflaw（缺陷）inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworriedmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters,performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchshowsthatpositivereinforcementmotivateslearningandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.體裁：說明文題材：文化教育主題：正面評(píng)價(jià)兒童運(yùn)動(dòng)語篇導(dǎo)讀：文章說明了在兒童運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，父母以及教練的評(píng)價(jià)反饋的重要性，建議我們?cè)诤⒆舆\(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)多作正面評(píng)價(jià)，少批評(píng)。Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeoplebecause.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyitteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves1如有幫助歡迎下載支持文檔從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中收集，已重新修正排版，word格式支持編輯，如有幫助歡迎下載支持。itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesitcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiences【解析】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句可知，運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)有很多寶貴的經(jīng)歷，也就是說在體育場(chǎng)上兒童會(huì)獲得很多寶貴的經(jīng)歷，故選D項(xiàng)。Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathleteswithoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirself-confidenceinordertomakethemrememberlife,slessonsbelievingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopmentD.soastoputmorepressureonthem【解析】A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句可知，教練和父母應(yīng)該意識(shí)到他們的反饋會(huì)對(duì)孩子產(chǎn)生很大的影響，孩子會(huì)把他們的批評(píng)記在心里，從而動(dòng)搖自己的信心。但是現(xiàn)在仍然有很多父母和教練在批評(píng)孩子，這就說明他們沒有意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題，故選A項(xiàng)。Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould.A.helpchildrentowineverygamepaymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsC.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsportsD.trainchildrentocopewithstress【解析】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二、三句可知，比賽的結(jié)果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如在運(yùn)動(dòng)中學(xué)習(xí)的過程更重要，我們要讓孩子享受運(yùn)動(dòng)的過程，而不是僅僅關(guān)注結(jié)果，故選B項(xiàng)?！緺钤c(diǎn)撥?方法】推理判斷題干擾項(xiàng)特征（1）曲解文意。推理判斷題中有些選項(xiàng)來自文章中的某一句或某幾句話，命題者可能會(huì)利用里面的字詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)。（2）張冠李戴。通過使用原文中出現(xiàn)的詞匯或者句式，把本來適用于一種情況的內(nèi)容移用到其他情況。（3）顛覆是非。干擾項(xiàng)涉及原文中提及的一些內(nèi)容或現(xiàn)象，但整體意思卻與原文恰恰相反。Theauthor,spurposeinwritingthepassageis.A.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismB.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildrenC.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragementD.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnout【解析】B推理判斷題。作者在本文中詳細(xì)敘述了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于身體和智力的作用，如果在運(yùn)動(dòng)中父母和教練對(duì)孩子的表現(xiàn)做出負(fù)面的評(píng)價(jià)，將會(huì)動(dòng)搖孩子的自信。應(yīng)該讓孩子享2如有幫助歡迎下載支持文檔從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中收集，已重新修正排版，word格式支持編輯，如有幫助歡迎下載支持。受運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)楹⒆釉谶\(yùn)動(dòng)的過程中所學(xué)到的東西遠(yuǎn)比比賽的結(jié)果更重要。所以本文是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)孩子的正面評(píng)價(jià)的重要性，故選B項(xiàng)。B（2016?成都樹德中學(xué)高三質(zhì)監(jiān)）From2008to2013,Americanhouseholdslost$1trillioninrealestate,savings,andstocks.MorethanhalfofalltheU.S.workerseitherlosttheirjobsorwereforcedtotakecutsinhoursorpayduringtherecession.Theworstmaybebehindthemnow,buttheshockinglossesofthepastfewyearshavereshapednearlyeveryfacetoftheirlive—howtheylive,work,andspen—eventhewaytheythinkaboutthefuture.ForCindy,therecessionbeganwhenherhusbandwasrelocatedtoRhinelander,Wisconsin,byhiscompany,forcingthefamilytomoveinahurry.Thecoupleboughtanewhousebutwereunabletoselltheirtwo—bedroomhomeinBigLake,Minnesota.Withtwomortgages（抵押借款）andtwoyoungchildrentocarefor,Cindycouldn'timaginehowtostretchherhusband,spaychecktokeepherfamilyfed.ThenshestumbleduponanonlinecommunitycalledBlotanical,aforumforgardeners,manywithaninterestinsustainability.“ThemoreIreadanddiscussedthesepractices,themoreIrealizedthiswouldhelpnotonlyourbudgetbutalsoourhealth,”shesays.Cindyadmitsthatbeforetherecession,shewasacitygirlwithnointerestingrowingherowndinner.“Igrewflowersmostly—Ididn,tthinkaboutplantsthatweren,tvisuallyinteresting.”Buttostretchherbudget,shebeganputtinginvegetablesandfruit-everythingfromstrawberrybedstoappletree—andasherfirstseedlingsgrew,herspiritslifted.Shenolongerthinksofgardeningandmakingherownjamsasjustamoneysaver;they,reagenuinepleasure.“It,sbroughtusclosertogetherasafamily,too,”shesays.Herkidsvoluntarilypitchinwith（主動(dòng)幫助）thegardenwork,andthefamilycooktogetherinsteadofeatingout.Thefoodtastesbetter—it,sfresherandorganic—andthegardenhandilyfulfillsitsoriginalpurpose:costcutting.Nowshespendsabout$200to$300amonthongroceries,lessthanhalfofthe$650amonththatsheusedtolayout.Afterdiscoveringhowresourcefulshecanbeintoughtimes,Cindyisnolongereasilydiscouraged.“ItmakesmefeelproudtobeabletosayImadeitmyself,”shesays.“Ifeelaccomplished,andI,mmoreconfidentaboutattemptingthingsI,veneverdonebefore.”Nowsheavoidsconveniencestoresandhasbegunlearningtoknit,quilt,andmakeherownsoap.“Idon,tthinkIwouldhaveeverbegunthis3如有幫助歡迎下載支持文檔從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中收集，已重新修正排版，word格式支持編輯，如有幫助歡迎下載支持。journeyifitweren,tfortherecession”shesays.“Ihaveafeelingthatfromnowon,itwillaffectmyfamily,shealthandhappinessforthebetter.”體裁：記敘文題材：人物故事主題：重塑生活方式語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文介紹了在美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條后，辛迪和家人改變?cè)猩罘绞降墓适隆elearnfromthefirstparagraphthattherecession.hadgreatimpactonAmericans,workandlifeaffectedAmericansincertainoccupationshadonlybroughthugelossesinsavingsandstocksisoverwithsomeofthelossesrecovered【解析】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二、三句可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退對(duì)美國(guó)人工作和生活方式等各方面都產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響，故選A項(xiàng)。Whatmadethefamily,sfinancialsituationevenworsewasthatthey.A.movedtoRhinelanderinahurryB.werenotinterestedingrowingfoodC.didn,tknowanyoneinRhinelanderD.couldn,tselltheirhomeinBigLake【解析】D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后兩句可知，他們位于大湖市的兩居室沒能賣出去，加上有兩個(gè)孩子要養(yǎng)，使得他們的境況雪上加霜，故選D項(xiàng)。Cindyviewsgardeningasagenuinepleasurebecausegardening.A.helpedhercutlivingcostsalmostbyhalfB.enabledhertomakeherownjamsC.builtupfamilytiesandkids,enthusiasmD.enabledhertoknowmoreaboutplants【解析】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段第五、六句提到“這使得我們一家人更加親密無間了”以及“她的孩子們會(huì)主動(dòng)在園子幫忙干活”可知，這正是辛迪把園藝活動(dòng)看作一種genuinepleasure的原因所在，故選C項(xiàng)。WhatdoesCindythinkofthedifficulttimesshehasgonethrough?A.Itgavethecoupleandtheirkidsatoughlesson.B.Itgaveherconfidenceandoptimism.C.Itwouldcomeagainandaffectthefamily.D.Itleftalastingpsychologicalimpactonthefamily.【解析】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句可知，辛迪變得樂觀了；再由第三句可知，辛迪變得更加自信，故選B項(xiàng)。C4如有幫助歡迎下載支持文檔從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中收集，已重新修正排版，word格式支持編輯，如有幫助歡迎下載支持。（2016?湖南郴州高三質(zhì)監(jiān)）ScientistsinArgentinahavecreatedtheworld,sfirstcowtoowntwohumangenesthatwillenableittoproducehumanlikemilk,whichismatchlessuptonow.Itisabreakthroughintheareaofclone.Geneticengineeringwasusedtointroducethe“mothers,milk”genesintotheanimalbeforebirth,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofAgribusinessTechnologyinBuenosAires.Asanadult,theclonedcow“willproducemilkthatissimilartothatofhumans”,whichwillprove“adevelopmentofgreatimportanceforthenutritionofinfants”,asitissaidinastatement.“Theclonedcow,namedRositaISA,isthefirstonebornintheworldthatownstwohumangenesthatcontaintheproteinspresentinhumanmilk”thestatementsaid.InApril,scientistsinChinapublisheddetailsofresearchshowingthattheyhadcreatedGMHolsteindairycowswhichproducedmilkcontainingproteinsfoundinhumanbreastmilk.ButtheArgentineteamsaystheChineseonlyintroducedonehumangene,whereastheirresearchinvolvedtwogenes,meaningthemilkwillmorecloselyresemblethatofhumans.RositaISAwasbornonApril6andwasdeliveredbyCaesareansectionbecausesheweighedaround100pounds,roughlytwicethenormalweightofJerseyCows.AdrianMutto,fromtheNationalUniversityofSaMartinsaid,“Ourgoalwastoraisethenutritionalvalueofcows,milkbyaddingtwohumangenes,theproteinlactoferrinandlysozyme,whichcanprovidenewly-bornbabieswithanti-bacterialandanti—viral（抗病毒）protection.”CristinaKirchner,PresidentofArgentina,saidthatthescientificinstitute“makesallArgentinesproud”.Shealsorevealedthatshehadrejectedthe“honor”ofhavingthecownamedafterher.“TheycometotellmethatthenameisCristina,butwhatwomanwouldliketohaveacownamedafterhe?ItappearedtometobemoreappropriatetocallitRosita.”體裁：說明文題材：介紹說明主題：擁有人類基因的牛語篇導(dǎo)讀：阿根廷科學(xué)家通過添加人類基因的方式培育出了能生產(chǎn)“類人乳”的牛。這是基因工程的一項(xiàng)突破。WhatcanweknowaboutRositaISAaccordingtothepassage?Itsmilkhaslargernutritionalvaluethanothers’.5如有幫助歡迎下載支持文檔從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)中收集，已重新修正排版，word格式支持編輯，如有幫助歡迎下載支持。Itisthefirstcowwithahumangene.ItisasheavyasJerseycows.Itsmilkhasthesameproteinsashumanbreastmilk.【解析】A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句…theworld'sfirst