新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)初中總復(fù)習(xí)之賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句

新目標(biāo)英語(yǔ)初中總復(fù)習(xí)之賓語(yǔ)從句：充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)注意以下三要素：1.引導(dǎo)詞2.語(yǔ)序3.時(shí)態(tài)1.引導(dǎo)詞1)that引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句意義的賓從(that可省)eg.Hesays(that)theboyisalilltleweakinChinese.2)疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句意義的賓從eg.①.Doyouknowwhowillgiveusatalk?②.Idon’tknowwhosebookthatis.③.Couldyoupleasetellwhichgatewehavetogoto?④.Iwonderwhenhewillcomeback.注意：此類(lèi)賓從的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）相同時(shí)，可替換為“疑問(wèn)詞+todo”eg.①.Ihaven’tdecidedwhereIwillgo=Ihaven’tdecidedwheretogo②.HeaskedmewhatIbought=Heaskedmewhattobuy.類(lèi)似短語(yǔ)：howtodo_____whattosay_____whattodo_____wheretogo____3)if/whether(是否)引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句意義的賓從eg.①.“Doyoulikethisbook?”sheaskedme.=Sheaskedme___Ilikedthisbook.②.“HaveyouvisitedtheGreatWall?”Couldyoutellme?=Couldyoutellme_____youhavevisitedtheGreatWall?注意以下幾點(diǎn)：ⅰ.區(qū)別if當(dāng)作“是否”，還是“如果”eg.Idon’tknowifhe______(come)ifit______(rain)tomorrow.ⅱ.用whether不用if的幾種情況1)后接不定式eg.Ican’tdecidewhethertogotoBeijing.2)與or/ornot連用eg.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillgototheparkornot.3)在句首時(shí)eg.Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.4)whether還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“不管，無(wú)論”eg.Whetheritrainsornot,wearegoingtotheparktomorrow.2.語(yǔ)序：賓從用陳述句語(yǔ)序eg.1)Idon’t(A)knowwhether(B)willhe(C)come(D)tomorrow._____________2)Heasks(A)mewhen(B)willyou(C)comeback(D)._____________3)Couldyoutell(A)howmanyplayers(B)arethere(C)in(D)afootballteam?________3.時(shí)態(tài)主句賓語(yǔ)從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一切時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去范疇的某一時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)；過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）但當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是指客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，則只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.練習(xí)()wantedtoknow____hergrandmalikedthedog.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what()youtellus____?A.wherehaveyougoneB.wherehaveyougoneC.whereyouhavebeenD.wherehaveyoubeen()youstillremember____?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay()weatherherechangesveryoftenandwecan’ttell____itwillbeliketomorrow.A.thatB.howC.whatD.whether()5.—Whatdidthescientistsay?---Hesaidhewonderedif____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly()youknow___fromWuhantoXi’an?A.howfaritisB.howfarisitC.howlongitisD.howlongisit()youtellme____?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein()8.—Isthelaketherebeautiful?-–Thisphotowillshowyou____.A.howdoesitlooklikeB.whatdoesitlooklikeC.howitlookslikeD.whatitlookslike()9.Idon’tknow____boughtthepresentforme.IsitJack?A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.what()youshowus____abike?A.howtomendB.whattobuyC.wheretogoD.howmanytobuy()don’tknow____Janewaslateforschoolthismorning.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.why()12.—Doyouremember____hecame?--Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.thatB.ifC.howD.when()saidhe___acoldforafewdays.A.hascaughtB.hadcaughtC.hashadD.hadhad()don’tknowifhe____here.Ifhe____,I’lltellyou.A.willcome,comesB.comes,willcomeC.comes,comesD.willcome,willcome()youtellme____best?A.whichoneyoulikeonedoyoulikeC.doyoulikewhichonelikewhichone()teachertoldthechildrenthattheearth____aroundthesun.A.movesB.movedC.hadmovedD.wasmoving()knowswhichfactory_____.A.doesheworkB.heworksC.doesheworkinD.heworksin()saidthatnooneknew___withhim.A.whatisthematterB.whatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatthematterwas()’minterestedin_____ornotheiscoming.A.whetherB.ifC.whenD.why()’msorrythatI____youwerehere.A.didn’tknowB.don’tknowC.won’tknowD.can’tknow十三、定語(yǔ)從句：在句中作定語(yǔ)的句子，它修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，這個(gè)被修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞。一、引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系詞）：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。先行詞分兩類(lèi)：1.關(guān)系代詞who（作主語(yǔ)）,whom（作賓語(yǔ)）,whose（作定語(yǔ)）,which（作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）,that（作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）.2.關(guān)系副詞when,where,why.注意：1.如果關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略.eg.Thetrees(that)wehaveplantedgrowwell.2.關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可放在介詞后。但當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是that時(shí)，則不能放在介詞后。eg.ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived=ThisisthehousewhichLuXunoncelivedin.=ThisisthehousethatLuXunoncelivedin二、如何選用引導(dǎo)詞：一般情況引導(dǎo)詞的選用是受先行詞決定的——先行詞是人時(shí)用that,who,whom,whose;先行詞是物時(shí)用that,which;先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí)用when,where.eg.1)Theboywho/thatisstandingunderthetreeisJim.站在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)男孩時(shí)Jim.2)Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisadriver?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)媽媽是司機(jī)的女孩嗎？3)Haveyoubeentothefactorywhereyourfatherworks?你去過(guò)你爸爸工作的工廠嗎？但注意區(qū)別who/that(指人)；which/that(指物)1.修飾人只用who的情況：a.先行詞是one,ones,anyone,those時(shí)。b.therebe句型中修飾名詞時(shí)。c.先行詞后有一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)。Anyonewhohasn’thandedinhishome-workshouldstayafterschool.沒(méi)交作業(yè)的任何人放學(xué)后都要留下。2)Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyouattheschoolgate.校門(mén)口有位想見(jiàn)你的女孩。3)Didyouseethemanintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhoworearedshirt?昨天下午在公園你見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)穿紅襯衫的人嗎？2.修飾人或物只用that的情況：a.先行詞為指物的不定代詞all,much,little,few,everything,something,anything,nothingb.先行詞前有最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast,only,very,all,no時(shí)c.先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)d.主句是who/which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，而先行詞又指人或物時(shí)。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有讓我做的事嗎？2)Heistheonlyonethatcanhelpusatthemoment.他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一的人。3)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.他談?wù)撝菰L(fǎng)過(guò)的老師和參觀過(guò)的學(xué)校。4)WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?我們上周星期天用過(guò)的機(jī)器是哪一臺(tái)？3.修飾物只用which的情況：a.先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)b.先行詞為that時(shí)ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.這就是魯迅以前住過(guò)的房子。2)What’sthatwhichyouareholdinginyourarms?你抱著的那個(gè)是什么？*三、定語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為短語(yǔ)1．定語(yǔ)從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)從句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)。2．定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)(be)后是介詞短語(yǔ)，可簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。3．定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式。IboughtabookthatwaswrittenbyLuXun.=IboughtabookwrittenbyLuXun.2)Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingtherenottodothat.=Tellthechildrenplayingtherenottodothat.3)Thebookthatisonthetableismine.=Thebookonthetableismine.4)Wehavenothingthatweshouldfear.=Wehavenothingtofear.練習(xí)一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空ittheveryhouse________youlivedintenyearsago?woman_____sitsnexttothedoorismymother.’llneverforgettheyear_____IjoinedtheLeague.isthehouse_____Iwasborn.house______roofisbrokenhasbeenrepaired.二、用短語(yǔ)來(lái)改寫(xiě)下面的定語(yǔ)從句部分。manthatistalkingwithMaryismybrother.________________________________________________________.isabookwhichwaswrittenbyaworker______________________________________studentwhoisfromCanadaspeaksFrench.________________________________________________.hasalotofworkthatshemustdo._____________________________________三、選擇填空()man____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()isthebestfilm____hasbeenshownthisyear.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when(),thethiefhandedeverything____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere().Litoldusthestonesandwriters____interestedhimA.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()fatherstillrememberstheday___hejoinedthearmy.A.whenB.whichC.towhichD.fromwhich()’llneverforgetthesummerholidays____wespenttogether.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how()7—Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?—Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()letter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()hatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()10.—Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?—Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()hatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where()MallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()istheplace

_____Ihaveevervisited.