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初二英語Module2Friendship【本講教育信息】教學(xué)內(nèi)容:Module2Friendship二.重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容:語法知識(shí):賓語從句;語言知識(shí):詞匯及詞語辨析三.具體內(nèi)容:(一)語法指南賓語從句放在動(dòng)詞后面做賓語的句子,我們稱之為“賓語從句”。賓語從句根據(jù)其表達(dá)意義與疑問的差別可以分作三類,一類由that引導(dǎo),一類由whether/if引導(dǎo),還有一類由疑問詞引導(dǎo)。常用作賓語從句的連詞有:that,ifwhether,what,which,who,whom,where,how,why等。1.當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞表示肯定概念時(shí),如“希望”、“相信”“知道”“說”,其后面的句子一般用that引導(dǎo)。That沒有任何詞匯意義,只有語法功能,使讀者清楚后面的句子是前面動(dòng)詞的賓語。That在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接主句和從句的作用。that不用翻譯出來,在口語當(dāng)中常省略。除此以外,又語從句中有自己的主語,很容易與前面的主句分開,因此多數(shù)情況下that可以省略。如:Bettythinks(that)treesimprovetheair.貝蒂認(rèn)為樹可以改善空氣。Ihope(that)itwillsnowthiswinter.我希望今年冬天能下雪。Ibelieve(that)we’llbecomegoodfriends.我相信我們會(huì)成為好朋友。有一點(diǎn)要注意,并非所有的動(dòng)詞后面都可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。接that引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞不可含有疑問的含義,常見的多是表示觀點(diǎn)、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的詞,如:believe,feel,hear,hope,expect,explain,prefer,promise,report,say,see,tell,think,understand,wish,warn等。2.whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句如果我們要標(biāo)達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的概念,比如:“記不清”、“不知道”、“問”、“想知道”等等,就要用whether/if表示,不能再用that。Hedoesn’tknowwhethertheywillplanttreesonSaturdayornot.他不知道他們周六是否會(huì)去植樹。Ican’trememberwhether/ifIhaveseenhimbefore.我記不清以前是否見過他。Heaskswhether/ifwewillgofishingonSunday.他問周日我們是否去釣魚?Tomwantstoknowwhether/ifheneedstocomeearlytomorrow.湯姆想知道明天他是否有必要早來。注意:一般情況下if和whether可以通用。但如果從句后面還有一個(gè)選擇性詞語ornot,則常用whether,構(gòu)成whether…ornot的結(jié)構(gòu)。3.疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句有的句子不是用that連接,也不是用whether或if連接,而是用when,where,how,Why等疑問詞連接。這是從句意思表達(dá)的需要。比如“他問什么時(shí)間出發(fā)”中的“什么時(shí)間出發(fā)”必須用一個(gè)疑問詞才能表達(dá);如果遇到什么時(shí)間,什么地點(diǎn),什么方式,什么原因之類的疑問時(shí),我們就要是用相應(yīng)的疑問詞來連接從句。但是同學(xué)們一定要注意,在疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,一定要用陳述句語序。如:Heaskshowwecanhelpprotecttheenvironment.他問我們?cè)鯓硬拍転楸Wo(hù)環(huán)境出點(diǎn)力。Ican’tunderstandwhytheylikecomputergamessomuch.我不理解他們?yōu)槭裁慈绱讼矚g電腦游戲。Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretheyshouldgofortheholiday.他們還沒有確定到什么地方去旅行。Doyouknowwhenwewillholdthesportsmeeting?你知道我們什么時(shí)候開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)嗎?(二)語法專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.—Doyouknow______Icouldpasstheexam?—Sorry,I’venoidea.A.that B.whether C.what D.which2.—I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow_______itwillarrive?—Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.how B.where C.when D.what3.I’dliketoknow_____ornot.A.whetherwillhecome B.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcome D.thathewillcome4.Theyaskedme________duringtheMayDayholidays.A.wherehadIgone B.whereIhadgone C.wherehadIbeen D.whereIhadgone5.Shedidnottellus________.A.howoldthepatientis B.howoldwasthepatientC.howoldthepatientwas D.howoldisthepatient6.—Wedon’tknow_______heis.—Theysayheismuchbetterthesedays.A.what B.who C.how D.where7.Couldyoutellme_____yesterday?A.whattheydo B.whattheydid C.whatdotheydo D.whatdidtheydo8.Iknewthatthesun________intheeastwhenIwasachild.A.willrise B.rose C.rise D.rises9.Shesaid______shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.A.that B.where C.which D.what10.ThemanaskedmeifI_______himthewaytothebusstop.A.cantell B.couldtell C.willtell D.tell(三)重點(diǎn)句子詳解1.Digslowly,oryou‘llbetootiredtofinish.慢慢挖,不然的話你會(huì)很累,干不完活的。*本句是“祈使句+or+并列分句”的句型,or連接連個(gè)分句,前面的分句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的否定性從句。如: Hurryup,oryou’llbelate. =Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillbelate.你快一點(diǎn),不然就遲到了。Takethechance,oryouwillregret.=Ifyoudon’ttakethechance,youwillregretit.抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),否則你會(huì)后悔的。Standstill,orI’llshoot.=Ifyoudon’tstandstill,I’llshoot.*有時(shí)前一個(gè)句子只有一個(gè)名詞或名詞短語。Awordfromyouandhe’llchangehismind.=Ifyousayaword,he’llchangehismind.只要你說一句話,他就會(huì)改變主意。Onemorefoulandhe’llbesentoutofthecourt.他再犯一次規(guī),就要罰出場(chǎng)了。*“祈使句+and+并列分句”的句型中,祈使句表示條件,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。如: Workhardandyou’llsucceed. =Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed. 努力學(xué)習(xí),你就能成功。 Stir,andyouareadeadman.=Ifyoustir,youareadeadman.動(dòng)一動(dòng)我就打死你。*too…to意為“太……而不能……”,其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“too+形容詞/副詞+to+動(dòng)詞原形”,該句型用于肯定句,但表達(dá)否定的意思。如:Heistoooldtowalk.他太老了,以致走不動(dòng)了。It’stoohardforhimtolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語對(duì)他來說太難了。Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.那只箱子對(duì)我來說太重了,搬不動(dòng)。*當(dāng)too…todo前面有only,but等詞時(shí),或出現(xiàn)“nevertoo…todo”或“too…nottodo”的雙重否定時(shí),該句型就不表達(dá)否定含義了。如:It’snevertoooldtolearn. 活到老,學(xué)到老。 Youarenevertoooldtoenjoythemusic. 你不會(huì)因?yàn)槟昙o(jì)大了而不喜歡這音樂。2.We’recuttingdowntoomanytrees.我們正在過量砍伐樹木。*cutdown此處意為“砍倒”Aquarteroftheforestreserveshadbeencutdownby1974.到1974年,四分之一的森林保護(hù)區(qū)已被砍伐一空。Howmuchisitgoingtocostustocutallthesetreesdown?把這些樹全部砍倒要花費(fèi)我們多少錢?*cutdown可意為“削減”“減少”,如:Savetimeforyourselfbycuttingyourshoppingdowntotwiceaweek.拔去商店購(gòu)物減少到每星期兩次,以此為自己節(jié)省時(shí)間。Shecutdownonsmoking.她抽煙有所減少。*cutdown可以表示“改短(衣服)”IfyoucutdownthisT-shirt,it’llfityourson.如果你把T恤改短,就能適合你兒子穿。*cutsomeonedowntosize表示“使(某人)知道自己的分量”“使(某人)有自知之明”。Thatshouldcutherdowntosize.那該讓她有點(diǎn)自知之明了。【模擬試題】II.Vocabulary詞匯OnedayAmyandherfriendswenttotheMonkeyⅢ.Choosethebestanswer單項(xiàng)選擇4.—Cometohavedinnerwithustonight.—Thanks.I_______.A.do B.didC.willD.come5.Anewhospital____inthistownlastyear.A.isbuilt B.wasbuilding C.wasbuiltD.isbuilding6.—Haveyouseen_______bluehat?Ileftitherejustnow.—Isit____oneonthebednearthedoor?A.a,a B.the,the C.the,aD.a,the7.—Didyougotothecinemayesterday?—_______.Iwenttoseemyauntwithmyfatherinstead.A.Yes,Idid B.No,Ididn't C.No,Idid D.Yes,Ididn't8.You’dbettergoandaskMr.Li.He_______knowhowtousethecomputer. A.mustB.could C.need D.may9. Heissobusy_______hehasnotimetoseeafilm.A.when B.which C.that D.after10.—I’vewrittenashortstory.MayIreadittoyou?—Pleasedo._______A.It’sagoodstory. B.Whatagoodstory!C.I’msurewe'llenjoyit. D.Let’ssee.11.He_______muchmoney_______booksandtapes.A.spends,in B.takes,on C.took,on D.spent,on12.Ican’tsay_______Iwanttoseeyouagain.It’sayearsinceIlastsawyou.A.howoften B.howlong C.howsoon D.howmuch13.Wedon’tknowifshe_______here.Ifshe_____,we'llcallyou.A.comes,comes B.willcome,willcomeC.willcome,comesD.comes,willcome14.

Which

month

is____,

June,

July

or

August?A.

hot

B.

hotter

C.

hottest

D.

the

hottest15.

Do

you

have

____

to

tell

us?A.

something

new

B.

new

something

C.

anything

new

D.

new

anything16.There

is

___

in

today's

newspaper.A.

interesting

something

B.

nothing

interesting

C.

interesting

anything

D.

anything

interesting

17.My

____

brother

is

three

years

____

than

I.

A.

elder;

elder

B.

older;

oldest

C.

elder;

older

D.

older;

elder

18.Please

_______the

other

exercises

after

you

finish

the

exercise.

A.

go

on

to

do

B.

go

on

doing

C.

go

on

with

D.

go

onⅣ.完成句子19.這條裙子你穿著很漂亮。Thedresslooksnice_____________.20.鐘每天早上叫醒我。Theclock______me________everymorning.21.他躺下讓腦子休息一會(huì)兒。Helaybackandlethismind_________.22.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌_____youhave_______interestingtotell________?V.將下列句子重新排序,構(gòu)成一篇對(duì)話:A.Hi,ChenHui!B.Itwasapleasure.C.That’llbefine.I’lltellMum.IthinkI’mfreethatnight.D.Sure.E.Bye!F.Good!Pleasegivemearingafteryoutalktoyourparents.G.Hi,Ann!Thankyouforsupperlastnight.Ienjoyeditverymuch.H.Itoldmyparentsaboutlastnight.Theyaskedmetothankyourmother.WehopeyoucancometoourhouseforsuppernextSaturday.I.Good-bye!VI.完型填空:Doyouknowhowtostudybetterandmakeyourstudymoreeffective(有效的)?WeallknowthatChinesestudentsusuallystudyveryhardforlong___23____.Thisisverygood,butitdoesn’t___24___alot,foraneffectivestudentmusthaveenoughsleep,enoughfoodandenoughrestandexercise.Everydayyouneedtogooutforawalkorvisitsomefriendsorsomeniceplaces.It’sgoodforyourstudy.Whenyoureturn___25___yourstudies,yourmindwillberefreshed(清醒)andyou’lllearnmore___26____studybetter.Psychologists(心理學(xué)家)___27___thatlearningtakesplacethisway.HeretakeEnglishlearning___28___anexample.Firstyoumakealotofprogressandfeelhappy.Thenyourlanguagestudyseems___29___thesame.Soyouwillthinkyou’relearning__30___andyoumaygiveup.Thiscanlastfordaysorevenweeks,yetyouneedn’tgiveup.Atsomepointyourlanguagestudywillagaintakeanotherbig___31___.You’llseethatyoureallyhavebeenlearningallalong.Ifyougetenoughsleep,food,restandexercise,studyingEnglishcanbeveryeffectiveand___32___.Don’tgiveupalongtheway.Learnslowlyandyou’resuretogetagoodresult.23.A.days B.time C.hours D.weeks24.A.help B.give C.make D.take25.A.after B.for C.at D.to26.A.yet B.and C.or D.but27.A.havefound B.havetaught C.told D.said28.A.with B.for C.as D.to29.A.tohave B.tomake C.totake D.tostay30.A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything31.A.work B.jump C.walk D.result32.A.hard B.common C.interesting D.possibleⅦ.閱讀Afriendofminewasfondofdrawinghorse.Hedrewthehorsesverywell,buthealwaysbeganthetail.NowitistheWesternruletobeginattheheadofthehorse,thatiswhyIwassurprised.Itstruckmethatitcouldnotreallymakeanydifferencewhethertheartistbeginsattheheadorthetailorthebelly(肚子)orthefootofthehorse,ifhereallyknowshisbusiness.Andmostgreatartistswhoreallyknowtheirbusinessdonotfollowotherpeople'srule.Theymaketheirownrules.Everyoneofthemdoeshisworkinawaypeculiar(奇特的)tohimself;andthepeculiaritymeansonlythathefindsitmoreeasytoworkinthatway.Nowtheverysamethingistruetoliterature(文學(xué)).Andthequestion,"HowshallIbegin?"onlymeansthatyouwanttobeginattheheadinsteadofbeginningatthetailorsomewhereelse.Thatis,youarenotyetexperienced(有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的)enoughtotrusttoyourownpowers.Whenyoubecomemoreexperiencedyouwillneveraskthequestion,andIthinkthatyouwilloftenbeginatthetail--thatistosay,youwillwritetheendofthestorybeforeyouhaveeventhoughtofthebeginning.33.Afriendofthewriter'sdrewthehorses____.A.verywellB.inthewayofwesternruleC.inthewayofhisownruleD.alloftheabove34.Thewriterwassurprisedbecause____.A.theartistbegantodrawattheheadofthehorseB.theartistbegantodrawatthetailofthehorseC.theartistmadehisownruleD.theartistdidnotfollowotherpeople'srule35.Youarenotyetexperiencedbecause____.A.youdon'tknowwheretobeginB.youwanttobeginattheheadinsteadofbeginningatthetailC.youalwaysaskedquestionD.youdonottrusttoyourownpowers36.Whenyoubecomemoreexperiencedyouwill____.A.neveraskquestionB.oftenbeginatthetailC.shouldwritetheendofthestoryD.shouldthinkofthebeginning37.Thetopicofthepassageis______.A.HowtodrawahorseB.HowtowriteastoryC.HowtomakeyourownrulesD.Trusttoyourownpowers閱讀文章并回答問題Whenshelookedahead,FlorenceChadwicksawnothingbutawalloffog.Herbodywasnumb(麻木的).Shehadbeenswimmingfornearlysixteenhours.

AlreadyshewasthefirstwomantoswimtheEnglishChannel.Now,attheageof34,shewantedtobecomethefirstwomantoswimfromCatalinaIslandtotheCaliforniacoast.

OnthemorningofJulythefourthin1952,theseawaterwasnotverycoldandthefogwassothickshecouldhardlyseeanything.Sharks(鯊魚)swamaroundher,onlytobedrivenawaybyrifleshots.Againstthecoldofthesea,sheneverstoppedswimming?hourafterhour?whilemillionswatchedonnationaltelevision.

AlongsideFlorenceinoneoftheboats,hermotherandhertrainerencouragedher.Theytoldheritwasn’tmuchfarther.Butallshecouldseewasfog.Theyaskedhernottogiveup.Sheneverhad...untilthen.Withonlyahalfmiletogo,sheaskedtobepulledout.

Severalhourslater,shetoldareporter,“Look,I’mnotexcusingmyself,butifIcouldhaveseenlandImighthavemadeit.”Itwasnotfatigue(疲勞)oreventhecoldwaterthatdefeatedher.Itwasthefog.Shewasunabletoseehergoal.

Twomonthslater,shetriedagain.Thistime,nomatterhowthickthefogwas,sheswamwithhergoalclearlypicturedinhermind.Sheknewthatsomewherebehindthatfogwaslandandthistimeshemadeit!FlorenceChadwickbecamethefirstwomantoswimtheCatalinaChannel!FlorenceChadwickthefirstwomantoswimtheEnglishChannel?

___________________________39.WhendidFlorenceChadwickswimtheCatalinaChannelfirst?___________________________40.HowmanyhoursdidFlorenceChadwickneedtoswimtheCatalinaChannelfirst?______________________________41.WhatmadeFlorenceChadwickfailtoswimtheCatalinaChannelfirst?______________________

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