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新概念第二冊(cè)語(yǔ)法解析及練習(xí):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):1.構(gòu)成:have/has+過(guò)去分詞2.功能:(1)表示過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表時(shí)間的副詞搭配使用。
?.Hehasn'tseenherlately.
?.Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.(2)表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:sofar(迄今為止),uptillnow(直到現(xiàn)在),since,
foralongtime(很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間),uptopresent(直到現(xiàn)在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在過(guò)去的幾年里),thesedays(目前)……?.Hehasworkedherefor15years.
?.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.
?.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.
?.Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.(3)某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(即:動(dòng)作開始便終止的動(dòng)詞),在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配。
黃金要點(diǎn):
I.常見的非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞:die,arrive(到達(dá)),join(加入),leave(離開),go,refuse(拒絕),fail(失敗),finish,buy,marry,divorce(離婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend...
(背三遍?。?/p>
II.這類動(dòng)詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
III.但若是用在否定句中,非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。?.Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(誤)
?.Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)?.Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(誤)
?.Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)?.Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?(誤)
?.Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)(4)注意since的用法:
?.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.
?.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.
?.Hehasbeenheresince1980.
?.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.
幾組對(duì)比:?.HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。
?.HehasbeentoShanghai.他去過(guò)上海。?.Shehasgone.她已走了。
?.Sheisgone.她缺席了。(或者她死了。)?.Thedoorhasbeenclosed.門關(guān)上了。(動(dòng)作)
?.Thedoorisclosed.門是關(guān)著的。(狀態(tài))
測(cè)試精編1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.
A.keep
B.kept
C.havekept
D.arekeeping2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.
A.is
B.willbe
C.hasbeen
D.havebeen3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.
A.havejustmarriedwith
B.wasjustmarriedto
C.hasjustbeenmarriedto
D.justhasbeenmarriedto4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.
A.hadn't
B.haven't
C.haven'thad
D.hadn'thad5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.
A.found
B.hasfound
C.finds
D.hadfoundKEYS1.C
2.C
3.C
4.C
5.B
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):1.構(gòu)成:were/was+現(xiàn)在分詞2.功能:(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
?.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.
?.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.
?.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.(2)用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
?.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.
?.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.測(cè)試精編1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.
A.fell/wasriding
B.feel/wereriding
C.hadfallen/rode
D.hadfallen/wasriding2.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.
A.broke/played
B.wasbreaking/wasplaying
C.broke/wasplaying
D.wasbreaking/played3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe________today.
A.wascorning
B.iscoming
C.willcome
D.comes4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.
A.come
B.wascoming
C.hadbeencoming
D.hadcome5.Michikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.
A.hadbeenworking
B.hasbeenworking
C.wasworking
D.workedKEYS1.A
2.C
3.A
4.B
5.C一般過(guò)去時(shí):功能:(1)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
?.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.
?.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.
?.Chinawasfoundedin1949.(2)在表示時(shí)間或條件等的狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
?.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.
?.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.
?.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.
一般過(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的幾組差異:(別以為這很簡(jiǎn)單,下面的差異你不一定明白。)?.Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)
?.Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)?.That'sallIhadtosay.(話已說(shuō)完)
?.That'sallIhavetosay.(言之未盡)?.Itwassonicetoseeyou.(離別時(shí)用)
?.Itissonicetoseeyou.(見面時(shí)用)?.Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是當(dāng)天下午或晚上)
?.Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),此乃后話?。?/p>
測(cè)試精編I:(用所給動(dòng)詞的正確進(jìn)態(tài)填空)。1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.
4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.
測(cè)試精編II1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.
A.continued
B.didn'tcontinue
C.hadn'tcontinued
D.wouldcontinue2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.(without在這里表?xiàng)l件,你知道嗎?)
A.woulddie
B.willdie
C.wouldbedead
D.wouldhavedied3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.
A.moved
B.hasmoved
C.willmove
D.moves4.Whenallthosepresent________hebeganhislecture.(重點(diǎn)題)
A.sit
B.set
C.seated
D.wereseated5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.
A.have
B.wouldhave
C.had
D.hadhadKEYS1.thought
2.sits,sat
3.told
4.began
5.had
1.B
2.A
3.D
4.D
5.C現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):1.構(gòu)成:is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞2.功能:(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
?.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?
?.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight.
?.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.(2)表現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
?.Heistakingphysicsthissemester.
?.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.(3)go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)表示即將開始的動(dòng)作。
?.Look!Thebusiscoming.
看!車來(lái)了!
?.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.
?.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.(4)與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞連用,表示說(shuō)話人帶有感情色彩:贊賞或厭惡。
?.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他總是想著別人。)
?.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(這男孩不斷地發(fā)出吵鬧聲。)
?.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老師一直在批評(píng)她遲到。)(5)下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)、情緒、精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。
(此條戒律請(qǐng)背10遍?。。。?/p>
believe(相信),doubt(懷疑),see(看見),hear(聽見),know(知道),understand(理解),belong(屬于),think(認(rèn)為),consider(認(rèn)為),feel(覺(jué)得),look(看起來(lái)),seem(看上去),show(顯示),mind(介意),have(有),sound(聽起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),require(要求),possess(擁有),care(關(guān)心),like(喜歡),hate(討厭),love(喜愛(ài)),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)【簡(jiǎn)單記憶】
●永遠(yuǎn)不要說(shuō)I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再簡(jiǎn)單一點(diǎn)說(shuō),這些動(dòng)詞后面不要隨意加-ing.
●可怕的是:我們?cè)趯懽骷翱谡Z(yǔ)中常犯此類大錯(cuò)!
●注意:haveaparty/thinkabout可以用進(jìn)行時(shí),因?yàn)檫@里have意為“舉行”;think意為“考慮”。
測(cè)試精編1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?
A.listening/hearing
B.hear/listening
C.belistening/heard
D.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.
A.willfinish
B.isfinishing
C.hadfinished
D.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost________intheoffice.(此題超前)
A.arebeinginterviewed
B.areinterviewing
C.interviewing
D.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.
A.iswishing
B.hasbeenwishing
C.wishes
D.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.
A.stillsleeps
B.isstillsleeping
C.stillhasbeensleeping
D.willbesleepingstillKEYS1.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
5.B
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
1.構(gòu)成:使用動(dòng)詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化。(1)直接加“s”,works,takes(2)以輔音加“y”結(jié)尾,變“y”為“i”,再加“es”(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加“es”
goes
dresses
watches
brushes2.功能:(1)表現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作:
eg?.Birdsfly.
?.Shelovesmusic.
?.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或職業(yè),常與often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等時(shí)間副詞連用。
eg?.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.
?.Shewritestomeveryoften.
?.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.(3)表客觀真理,格言警句或事實(shí):
eg?.Theearthmovesroundthesun.
?.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.
?.Twoandtwomakesfour.
?.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣賢,熟能無(wú)過(guò)。(4)表將來(lái):
A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,
solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
(黃金重點(diǎn),所有考試都不放過(guò)它!)
eg?.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.
?.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.
?.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不錯(cuò)的句型,背下!?。?/p>
?.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!)B.按時(shí)間表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)時(shí)概念。
eg?.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.
?.Whendoes
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