2020年度大學(xué)英語四級真題模擬

大學(xué)英語四級真題

資料僅供參考

12月大學(xué)英語四級真

題

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30

minutestowriteashortessayentitledHow

ShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBe

Independent?Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.當(dāng)前不少父母為孩子包辦一切

2.為了讓孩子獨立，父母應(yīng)該……

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBe

Independent?

資料僅供參考

PartIIReading

Comprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15

minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15

minutestogooverthepassagequicklyand

answerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.For

questions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthe

fourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].For

questions8-10,completethesentenceswiththe

informationgiveninthepassage.

AGrassrootsRemedy

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthe

naturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,

playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drink

outsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,

liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buya

weekendplaceinthecountry.Themostpopular

leisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.

資料僅供參考

Andwhenjoggers（慢跑者）jog,theydon'trun

thestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheads

totheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbelief

thatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweall

seeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingso

ornot.

Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowing

upnature-deprived（喪失）.Ispentmyboyhood

climbingtreesonStreathamCommon,South

London.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedof

theseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslike

crime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesand

oddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestfor

children,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,

ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.

Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.Astudy

intheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousing

andthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—

attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（多動癥）.

Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenatural

資料僅供參考

viewsshowedanimprovementof19%;those

whohadthesameimprovementinmaterial

surroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust

4%.

AstudyinSwedenindicatedthat

kindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayina

naturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreater

physicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoa

normalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthat

whenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanatural

environment,academiclevelswereraisedacross

theentireschool.

Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplay

differentlyinanaturalenvironment.In

playgrounds,childrencreateahierarchy（等級）

basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughones

takingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawas

plantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuch

moreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchy

wasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.

資料僅供參考

Mostbullying（恃強(qiáng)凌弱）isfoundin

schoolswherethereisatarmac（柏油碎石）

playground;theleastbullyingisinanatural

areathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.

ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhill

SchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,

whereIusedtohangaboutincorners

fantasisingaboutwildlife.

Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouraged

frominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,for

healthandsafetyreasons,forfearthatthey

mightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.

So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildren

themselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.

Oneofthegreatproblemsofmodern

childhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyand

expensivelytreatedwithdrugs.Yetonestudy

afteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnature

giveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,

資料僅供參考

wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreen

places.

Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetter

whentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasing

emphasisforthegrowingpopulationofold

peopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.

Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthe

singlemostimportantthinginfindingthat

quality.

Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,

thereisevidencetoindicatethatnatural

surroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Even

problemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviour

arereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththe

naturalworld.

DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyal

SocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhis

study,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduce

violentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocess

資料僅供參考

helpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.

Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,no

matterhowsmalltheircontribution.

Wetendtolookonnatureconservationas

somekindoffavourthathumanbeingsare

grantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereis

fartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednature

forthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanity

andthenaturalworldareseparablethingsis

profoundlydamaging.

Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals

（哺乳動物）.Forsevenmillionyearstheylived

ontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestral

selvesmissthenaturalworldandlongfor

contactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohas

pattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewith

apintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchof

flowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkona

niceday,understandsthat.

資料僅供參考

Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialto

ourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.

Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutless

civilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsaroundus

wearelessthanhuman.

Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenatural

world

Walk:Breaktherhythmofpermanently

beingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makea

circuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechild

toandfromschool,getadog,feelyourself

movinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.

Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,to

bestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,

anywherethat'snotintheoffice,anywhereout

ofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situndera

tree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightly

renewed.

資料僅供參考

Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenatural

worldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisin

company.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagood

person,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunand

thewindwithbirdsongforbackground.

Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfive

speciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,five

birdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:

andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothe

greateramountofwildnessinyourlife.

Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedto

visit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.

Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthere

anddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythrough

thewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Go

somewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.

Itlastsforever,afterall.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

資料僅供參考

1.Whatistheauthor'sprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknaturein

differentways.

[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlives

inthewild.

[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptions

ofnature.

[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudy

nature.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeopleprefer

fortheirchildrennowadays?

[A]Personalfreedom.

[B]Thingsthatarenatural.

[C]Urbansurroundings.

資料僅供參考

[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.

3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?

[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelp

childrenlearnbetter.

[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildren

lesslikelytofallill.

[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdevelop

theirphysicalabilities.

[D]Naturalviewscanpreventchildren

fromdevelopingADHD.

4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplore

naturalareas.

[A]tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience

資料僅供參考

[B]aremorelikelytofantasiseabout

wildlife

[C]tendtobephysicallytougherin

adulthood

[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying

5.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoto

helpchildrenwithADHD?

[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.

[B]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.

[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.

[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningful

activities.

6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefit

fromtheircontactwithnature?

資料僅供參考

[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]

Theyareabletolivelonger.

[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]

Theybecomegood-humoured.

7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudy

that?

[A]humanityandnatureare

complementarytoeachother

[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsive

behaviourinpeople

[C]accesstonaturecontributestothe

reductionofviolence

[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenature

oncedamaged

資料僅供參考

8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthat

humanityandthenaturalworldcan

be.

9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbe

socivilisedwithout.

10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesat

theendofthepassagearemeanttoencourage

peopletoseekwiththe

naturalworld.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8

shortconversationsand2longconversations.At

theendofeachconversation,oneormore

questionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.

資料僅供參考

Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewill

beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthe

fourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],and

decidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

11.[A]Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.

[C]Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.

[B]Shecan'tstandthehotweather.[D]

SheenjoysstayinginWashington.

12.[A]Hernewresponsibilitiesinthe

company.

[B]Whatherjobprospectsare.

[C]Whatthecustomers?feedbackis.

資料僅供參考

[D]Thedirectorsopinionofherwork.

13.[A]Combinehertrainingwithdieting.

[B]Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.

[C]Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.

[D]Includeweightliftingintheprogram.

14.[A]Whenshewillreturnhome.

[B]Whethershecangobyherself.

[C]Whethershecantravelbyair.

[D]Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.

15.[A]Thewomanknowshowtodealwith

thepolice.

資料僅供參考

[B]Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimes

before.

[C]Thewomanhadviolatedtraffic

regulations.

[D]Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.

16.[A]Switchofftherefrigeratorfora

while.

[B]Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.

[C]Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.

[D]Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.

17.[A]Heownsapieceoflandinthe

downtownarea.

[B]Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuya

house.

資料僅供參考

[C]Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamed

of.

[D]Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.

18.[A]Sheisblackandblueallover.

[B]Shehastogotoseeadoctor.

[C]Shestayedawayfromworkforafew

days.

[D]Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.

Questions19to21arebasedonthe

conversationyouhavejustheard.

19.[A]Shewasabankmanager.

[B]Shewasavictimoftherobbery.

資料僅供參考

[C]Shewasadefencelawyer.

[D]Shewasawitnesstothecrime.

20.[A]Atallmanwithdarkhairanda

moustache.

[B]Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkon

hisface.

[C]Athirty-year-oldguywearingalight

sweater.

[D]Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryinga

gun.

21.[A]Identifythesuspectfrompictures.

[C]Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles.

[B]Goupstairstosignsomedocument.[D]

Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.

資料僅供參考

Questions22to25arebasedonthe

conversationyouhavejustheard.

22.[A]Byreadinganewspaperad.[C]By

listeningtothemorningnews.

[B]ByseeingacommercialonTV.[D]By

callinganemploymentservice.

23.[A]Shecouldimproveherforeign

languages.

[B]Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.

[C]Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.

[D]Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.

24.[A]Takingmanagementcourses.[C]

Workingasasecretary.

[B]TeachingEnglishatauniversity.[D]

資料僅供參考

StudyingforadegreeinFrench.

25.[A]Prepareforaninterviewinacouple

ofdays.

[B]Readtheadvertisementagainformore

details.

[C]Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonas

possible.

[D]Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshort

list.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3

shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,you

willhearsomequestions.Boththepassageand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryou

hearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],

資料僅供參考

[C]and[D].Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassage

youhavejustheard.

26.[A]Theycannotseethefirefighters

becauseofthesmoke.

[B]Theydonotrealizethedangertheyare

in.

[C]Theycannothearthefirefightersfor

thenoise.

[D]Theymistakethefirefightersfor

monsters.

資料僅供參考

27.[A]HetravelsalloverAmericatohelp

putoutfires.

[B]Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattodo

duringafire.

[C]HeteachesSpanishinaSanFrancisco

community.

[D]Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildren

freeofcharge.

28.[A]Hesavedthelifeofhisbrother

chokingonfood.

[B]Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.

[C]Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.

[D]Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoung

children.

資料僅供參考

29.[A]Firefightersplayanimportantrole

inAmerica.

[B]Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidof

monsters.

[C]Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.

[D]Informativespeechescansavelives.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassage

youhavejustheard.

30.[A]Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.

[B]Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.

[C]Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.

資料僅供參考

[D]Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.

31.[A]Theymayhavetocontinuetowork

inoldage.

[B]Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.

[C]Theymayhavenobodytodependonin

thefuture.

[D]Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.

32.[A]Makingwiseuseofyourtime.

[B]Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.

[C]Savingasmuchasyoucan.

[D]Workinghardandplayinghard.

PassageThree

資料僅供參考

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassage

youhavejustheard.

33.[A]Hardworkingstudentsbeing

accusedofcheating.

[B]Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedas

law-breakers.

[C]Innocentpeoplebeingsuspected

groundlessly.

[D]Junioremployeesbeingmadetowork

overtime.

34.[A]Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodout

oftherestaurant.

[B]Requestingcustomerstopaybefore

takingthefood.

[C]Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagson

資料僅供參考

thecounters.

[D]Allowingonlytwostudentstoenterata

time.

35.[A]Hewastakentothemanager.[C]

Hewasaskedtoleave.

[B]Hewascloselywatched.[D]Hewas

overcharged.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheara

passagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisread

forthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyfor

itsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadfor

thesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillinthe

blanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexact

wordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanks

numberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofill

inthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,

資料僅供參考

youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejust

heardorwritedownthemainpointsinyour

ownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadfor

thethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave

written.

注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上作答。

Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.

Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesand

friends.Wewriteto(36)our

familyhistoriessoourchildrenand

grandchildrencanlearnand(37)

theirheritage(傳統(tǒng)).With

computersandInternetconnectionsinsomany

(38),colleges,business,people

e-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthetime一or

talkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)

rooms.Itischeaperthancalling

longdistance,andalotmore(40)

thanwaitinguntilSundayfor

thetelephone(41)todrop.

資料僅供參考

Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)

anddiscusstheirclassroom

assignmentsandto(43)them.

Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussand

collaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)

Despitethegrowingimportanceof

computers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplace

andneedforthepersonalletter.(45)

?Nomatterwhatthecontentofthe

message,itsrealpointis,“Iwantyoutoknow

thatIcareaboutyou.”(46)

__________________________,butonlyinthe

successofhumanrelationships.

PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingin

Depth)(25minutes)

資料僅供參考

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisa

passagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredto

selectonewordforeachblankfromalistof

choicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthe

passage.Readthepassagethroughcarefully

beforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthe

bankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.You

maynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmore

thanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthe

followingpassage.

Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyou

are?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,

intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Allofthese

areinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenes

andtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.The

資料僅供參考

studyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteractto

influence48activityisknownasbehavioral

genetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmade

important49tothebiologicalrevolution,

providinginformationabouttheextenttowhich

biologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.

Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50to

perforincertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiology

iscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthatthere

arelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedon

somethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchas

yourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenes

controlphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,race

andeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodetermine

whetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52they

are,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?A

concernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53to

whichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluenced

bynatureandnurture（養(yǎng)育），bygeneticmakeup

andtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54

thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhuman

資料僅供參考

traits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55

likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageis

alreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscan

varybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.

However,thebasicpictureistherefromthe

beginning.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

[A]abilities[I]extent

[B]achieve[J]indicates

[C]appeal[K]proceeds

[D]complaints[L]psychological

[E]contributions[M]raised

[F]displayed[N]smart

[G]essentially[O]standard

資料僅供參考

[H]eventually

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthis

section.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunHnishedstatements.Foreachof

themtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]

and[D].Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice

andmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthe

followingpassage.

Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileit

maybecommonforuniversityresearchersto

trytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereis

verylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Pay

資料僅供參考

hasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeople

withfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthe

dropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.

Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,the

attractionsofacademia（學(xué)術(shù)界）outweighany

financialconsiderations.

HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhen

shemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbott

Laboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentatthe

UniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonfor

returningtoacademiamid-careerwastotake

advantageofthegreaterfreedomtochoose

researchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhave

fewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee's

isoneofthem.

Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablyless

severeforascientistintheearlystagesofa

career.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateat

theUnileverCentreforMolecularInformatics

attheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyears

資料僅供參考

workingforapharmaceutical（制藥的）

companybeforereturningtouniversityasa

post-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salary

cutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreater

intellectualopportunities.

Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutis

usuallymoresignificant,thedemandfor

scientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustry

isforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition（轉(zhuǎn)

換）toacademiamoreattractive,accordingto

Lee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetraining

thatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuilda

multidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsand

negotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedto

bringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofan

academicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajob

whentheygraduate,saysLee,perhaps

experienceinmanufacturingpracticeor

productdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberof

undergraduateswillcontinueinanacademic

career.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywho

資料僅供參考

alreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinan

industriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejob

marketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheir

timeonanarrowresearchproject.99

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

57.By“aone-waystreetw(Line1,Para.1),

theauthormeans.

[A]universityresearchersknowlittleabout

thecommercialworld

[B]thereislittleexchangebetweenindustry

andacademia

[C]fewindustrialscientistswouldquitto

workinauniversity

[D]fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingto

doindustrialresearch

資料僅供參考

58.Theword“deterrent”(Line2,Para.1)

mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat

[A]keepssomeonefromtakingaction[C]

attractspeople'sattention

[B]helpstomovethetraffic[D]brings

someoneafinancialburden

59.WhatwasHelenLee'smajor

considerationwhenshechangedherjobinthe

middleofhercareer?

[A]Flexibleworkhours.[C]Herpreference

forthelifestyleoncampus.

[B]Herresearchinterests.[D]Prospectsof

academicaccomplishments.

60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasa

researcheratCambridgeinorderto.

資料僅供參考

[A]dofinanciallymorerewardingwork

[B]raisehisstatusintheacademicworld

[C]enrichhisexperienceinmedical

research

[D]exploitbetterintellectualopportunities

61.Whatcontributioncanindustrial

scientistsmakewhentheycometoteachina

university?

[A]Increaseitsgraduates?competitiveness

inthejobmarket.

[B]Developitsstudentspotentialin

research.

[C]Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfrom

industry.

資料僅供參考

[D]Gearitsresearchtowardspractical

applications.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthe

followingpassage.

Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoadd

yearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,

friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothe

trick,butthebiggestlongevity（長壽）boost

seemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalent

relationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858

byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsand

widowers（鰥夫）wereatamuchhigherriskof

dyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessince

thensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuch

assevenyearstoaman'slifeandtwotoa

woman's.Theeffectholdsforallcausesof

death,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.

資料僅供參考

Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,

marriagecanmorethancompensate.Linda

WaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfound

thatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecan

expecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthanan

unmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,

amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapacka

dayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedman

whodoesn'tsmoke.There'saflipside,however,

aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordie

inthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse's

death,andcaringforaspousewithmental

disordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesame

severeproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavour

marriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan

10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvard

MedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocial

networkshavesimilareffects.

Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsare

complex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,

資料僅供參考

health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportand

othermorephysiological（生理的）mechanisms.

Forexample,socialcontactcanboost

developmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,

leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceof

depressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportive

relationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Then

therearethepsychologicalbenefitsofa

supportivepartner.

Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriends

areallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.

Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeing

mappedout,butChristakissays:aPeopleare

interconnected,sotheirhealthis

interconnected.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

62.WilliamFair'sstudyandotherstudies

showthat.

資料僅供參考

[A]sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecurefor

illness

[B]beingsociablehelpsimproveone's

qualityoflife

[C]womenbenefitmorethanmenfrom

marriage

[D]marriagecontributesagreatdealto

longevity

63.LindaWaite'sstudies