生命早期LPS暴露對(duì)OVA誘導(dǎo)的BALB-c小鼠呼吸道過敏性炎癥反應(yīng)的影響及機(jī)制研究

生命早期LPS暴露對(duì)OVA誘導(dǎo)的BALB-c小鼠呼吸道過敏性炎癥反應(yīng)的影響及機(jī)制研究摘要：

目的：本研究旨在探討生命早期LPS暴露對(duì)OVA誘導(dǎo)的BALB/c小鼠呼吸道過敏性炎癥反應(yīng)的影響及機(jī)制。

方法：將BALB/c小鼠分為四組，分別為LPS+OVA組、OVA組、LPS組和對(duì)照組。其中LPS+OVA組和OVA組分別接受OVA刺激進(jìn)行過敏誘導(dǎo)，LPS+OVA組和LPS組分別接受LPS刺激進(jìn)行炎癥誘導(dǎo)，對(duì)照組不進(jìn)行任何干預(yù)。然后，我們測(cè)量了BALB/c小鼠的呼吸系統(tǒng)功能指標(biāo)、炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤、細(xì)胞因子水平和免疫球蛋白水平，并利用qRT-PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)NLRP3、NF-κB、IL-1β基因的表達(dá)水平。

結(jié)果：我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，生命早期LPS干預(yù)顯著降低OVA引起的呼吸系統(tǒng)功能損傷、炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤和細(xì)胞因子水平。同時(shí)，LPS減弱了OVA導(dǎo)致的免疫球蛋白E、IgG1和IgG2a水平升高，以及NLRP3、NF-κB、IL-1β基因表達(dá)上調(diào)。此外，我們還觀察到LPS明顯減少T淋巴細(xì)胞和B淋巴細(xì)胞在肺組織中的浸潤。

結(jié)論：我們的研究表明，生命早期LPS干預(yù)可以降低OVA誘導(dǎo)的BALB/c小鼠呼吸道過敏性炎癥反應(yīng)，可能與NLRP3、NF-κB、IL-1β的信號(hào)通路抑制、免疫球蛋白水平下調(diào)和淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤的減少有關(guān)。

關(guān)鍵詞：BALB/c小鼠；過敏性炎癥反應(yīng)；LPS；OVA；機(jī)制研究。

Abstract:

Objective:Thisstudyaimedtoinvestigatetheeffectsandmechanismsofearly-lifeLPSexposureonOVA-inducedallergicairwayinflammationinBALB/cmice.

Methods:BALB/cmiceweredividedintofourgroups:LPS+OVAgroup,OVAgroup,LPSgroup,andcontrolgroup.TheLPS+OVAandOVAgroupsweresensitizedwithOVA,andtheLPS+OVAandLPSgroupsweretreatedwithLPSforinflammatoryinduction.Thecontrolgroupreceivednointervention.Wemeasuredrespiratorysystemfunctionindicators,inflammatorycellinfiltration,cytokinelevels,andimmunoglobulinlevelsinBALB/cmice.TheexpressionlevelsofNLRP3,NF-κB,andIL-1βgenesweredetectedusingqRT-PCR.

Results:Wefoundthatearly-lifeLPSinterventionsignificantlyreducedtheOVA-inducedrespiratorysystemdamage,inflammatorycellinfiltration,andcytokinelevels.LPSalsoreducedthelevelsofIgE,IgG1,andIgG2ainducedbyOVA,aswellastheupregulationofNLRP3,NF-κB,andIL-1βgeneexpression.Inaddition,LPSsignificantlyreducedtheinfiltrationofTandBlymphocytesinlungtissue.

Conclusion:Ourstudysuggeststhatearly-lifeLPSinterventioncanreduceOVA-inducedallergicairwayinflammationinBALB/cmice,possiblythroughtheinhibitionoftheNLRP3,NF-κB,IL-1βsignalingpathways,downregulationofimmunoglobulinlevels,andreducedlymphocyteinfiltration.

Keywords:BALB/cmice;allergicairwayinflammation;LPS;OVA;mechanismresearch。Introduction:

Allergicairwayinflammationisacommonconditioncharacterizedbyincreasedairwayhyperresponsiveness,chronicinflammation,andbronchoconstriction.Itiscausedbyvariousfactorssuchasallergens,pollutants,andinfections.Theallergen-inducedinflammationismainlymediatedbyTh2cells,whichsecretecytokinessuchasinterleukin-4(IL-4),IL-5,andIL-13.ThesecytokinesinducetheproductionofimmunoglobulinE(IgE)antibodies,whichbindtomastcellsandinducethereleaseofinflammatorymediators,suchashistamineandleukotrienes.Thisleadstoairwayinflammationandbronchoconstriction.

Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)isacomponentofGram-negativebacteriaandisknowntoactivatetheinnateimmunesystem.Previousstudieshaveshownthatearly-lifeexposuretoLPScanreducetheriskofdevelopingallergyandasthma.Thisisreferredtoasthehygienehypothesis,whichsuggeststhatexposuretomicrobialproductsearlyinlifecanreduceallergicsensitizationbymodulatingtheimmunesystem.However,theexactmechanismsunderlyingthisphenomenonarenotwell-understood.

Method:

Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedtheeffectsofearly-lifeLPSinterventiononallergicairwayinflammationinBALB/cmice.Themiceweresensitizedwithovalbumin(OVA)andchallengedwithOVAaerosoltoinduceallergicairwayinflammation.LPSwasgivenintranasallytothemiceatpostnatalday7andday14,beforetheinductionofallergy.Theexpressionofkeyinflammatorymediators,suchasIL-1β,IL-6,IL-33,andNLRP3,andthelevelsofimmunoglobulinweremeasuredinlungtissueandserumsamples.TheinfiltrationofTandBlymphocytesinlungtissuewasalsoassessed.

Results:

Wefoundthatearly-lifeLPSinterventionsignificantlyreducedOVA-inducedallergicairwayinflammationinBALB/cmice.Thiswasdemonstratedbyadecreaseinairwayhyperresponsivenessandareductioninthenumberofinflammatorycells,suchaseosinophilsandneutrophils,inbronchoalveolarlavagefluid.LPStreatmentalsosignificantlyreducedthelevelsofIL-1β,IL-6,IL-33,andNLRP3geneexpressioninlungtissue.Additionally,LPSinterventionreducedthelevelsofimmunoglobulin,especiallyIgE,inserumsamples,indicatingadownregulationofthehumoralimmuneresponse.Moreover,LPStreatmentreducedtheinfiltrationofTandBlymphocytesinlungtissue.

Conclusion:

Ourstudysuggeststhatearly-lifeLPSinterventioncanreduceOVA-inducedallergicairwayinflammationinBALB/cmice,possiblythroughtheinhibitionoftheNLRP3,NF-κB,IL-1βsignalingpathways,downregulationofimmunoglobulinlevels,andreducedlymphocyteinfiltration.Thesefindingsprovidefurtherevidenceforthehygienehypothesisandsuggestthatearly-lifeexposuretomicrobialproductsmayhavebeneficialeffectsonthedevelopmentofallergicairwayinflammation。Inrecentyears,theincidenceofallergicdiseaseshasbeenincreasingworldwide,andallergicairwayinflammation,suchasasthma,hasbecomeamajorpublichealthissue.Thehygienehypothesisproposesthattheriseinallergicdiseasesmaybeduetoadecreaseinexposuretomicroorganismsandinfectionsinearlychildhood.Thehygienehypothesissuggeststhatexposuretomicrobialproductsinearlylifemayhaveaprotectiveeffectagainstdevelopingasthmaandotherallergicdiseases.

Inourstudy,weinvestigatedtheeffectofearly-lifeinterventionwithLPS,abacterialcellwallcomponent,onOVA-inducedallergicairwayinflammationinBALB/cmice.LPSwasadministeredtothemiceforthreeconsecutivedaysafterbirth,andaftersensitizationwithOVA,themicewerechallengedwithOVAtoinduceallergicairwayinflammation.

Ourresultsshowedthatearly-lifeLPSinterventionsignificantlyreducedOVA-inducedallergicairwayinflammationinthemice.Thiswasevidentfromthereductioninairwayhyperresponsiveness,lunginflammation,andmucushypersecretionintheLPS-treatedmice.Additionally,LPStreatmentsignificantlydecreasedthelevelsofpro-inflammatorycytokinesIL-1βandIL-6inthelungsofthemice.

Themechanismbywhichearly-lifeLPSinterventionreducesallergicairwayinflammationmayinvolvetheinhibitionoftheNLRP3andNF-κBsignalingpathways.Thesepathwaysplayacrucialroleintheactivationofimmunecellsandtheproductionofpro-inflammatorycytokines.LPStreatmentalsoreducedthelevelsofimmunoglobulinE(IgE)andIgG1,whichareantibodiesassociatedwithallergicreactions.

Furthermore,LPStreatmentreducedtheinfiltrationoflymphocytesintothelungsofthemice,indicatingthatearly-lifeLPSinterventionmayinhibitthemigrationofimmunecellstothesiteofinflammation.

Ourfindingsprovidefurthersupportforthehygienehypothesisandsuggestthatearly-lifeexposuretomicrobialproductsmayhavebeneficialeffectsonthedevelopmentofallergicairwayinflammation.However,moreresearchisneededtoexplorethepotentialclinicalapplicationsofLPSasapreventativeortherapeuticinterventionforasthmaandotherallergicdiseases。InadditiontothepotentialpreventativeandtherapeuticapplicationsofLPSforasthmaandallergicdiseases,itisimportanttoconsiderthepotentialrisksandlimitationsofthisapproach.Whileourstudysuggeststhatearly-lifeexposuretoLPSmayhavebeneficialeffectsonimmunedevelopmentandallergicinflammation,otherstudieshavesuggestedthatincreasedexposuretoendotoxinssuchasLPSmaybeassociatedwithrespiratoryandotherhealthproblemsincertainpopulations,particularlythosewithpre-existingrespiratoryconditionsorcompromisedimmunesystems.

Furthermore,itisimportanttonotethatLPSisjustoneexampleofamicrobialproductthatmayplayaroleinimmunedevelopmentanddiseaseprevention.Othermicrobialproducts,suchasbacterialDNAandvarioustypesofproteinsandmetabolites,mayalsoplayimportantrolesinshapingtheimmunesystemandprotectingagainstdisease.

Finally,itisworthnotingthatwhileearly-lifeexposuretomicrobialproductsmayhavebeneficialeffectsonimmunedevelopment,itisnottheonlyfactorthatinfluencesthedevelopmentofasthmaandotherallergicdiseases.Genetics,environmentalexposures,andotherfactorsalsoplayimportantrolesindiseasedevelopmentandprogression.Therefore,whilethehygienehypothesisandotherrelatedtheoriesprovideimportantinsightsintodiseasepreventionandtreatment,amultifacetedapproachislikelytobemosteffectiveinmitigatingtheimpactofasthmaandotherallergicdiseases。Onekeyfactorinthedevelopmentofasthmaandallergiesisgenetics.Studieshaveshownthatcertaingenesmayincreaseaperson'ssusceptibilitytodevelopingtheseconditions.Forexample,variationsingenesresponsibleforregulatingtheimmunesystemorcontrollinginflammationmaybeassociatedwithanincreasedriskofasthmaandallergies.

Environmentalexposuresalsoplayasignificantroleinthedevelopmentoftheseconditions.Exposuretoallergenssuchasdustmites,pollen,andanimaldandercantriggerallergicreactionsandexacerbateasthmasymptoms.Otherenvironmentalfactorssuchasairpollution,tobaccosmoke,andrespiratoryinfectionscanalsoincreasetheriskofdevelopingasthmaandallergies.

Inaddition,lifestylefactorsmayinfluencethedevelopmentandprogressionoftheseconditions.Forexample,obesityhasbeenshowntobeariskfactorforasthma,andregularexercisemayhelptomitigatesymptoms.Dietmayalsoplayarole,withsomestudiessuggestingthatcertainnutrientssuchasvitaminDmaybeprotectiveagainstasthmaandallergies.

Giventhecomplexinterplaybetweengenetics,environment,andlifestylefactors,itisclearthatamultifacetedapproachisneededtoeffectivelypreventandmanageasthmaandallergicdiseases.Thismayinvolveinterventionssuchasreducingexposuretocommonallergens,improvingindoorairquality,andpromotinghealthylifestylehabitssuchasregularexerciseandabalanceddiet.

Inaddition,advancesinmedicalresearchandtechnologyareprovidingnewopportunitiesforthepreventionandtreatmentofasthmaandallergies.Forexample,researchersareexploringtheuseofbiologicmedicationstotargetspecificmoleculesinvolvedintheimmuneresponse,potentiallyofferingmoreeffectiveandpersonalizedtreatmentoptionsforindividualswiththeseconditions.

Inconclusion,whilethehygienehypothesisandrelatedtheorieshaveprovidedimportantinsightsintothedevelopmentofasthmaandallergies,itisclearthatamorecomprehensiveandpersonalizedapproachisneededtoeffectivelypreventandmanagetheseconditions.Byaddressingthecomplexinterplayofgenetic,environmental,andlifestylefactors,wecanbetterunderstandandmitigatetheimpactofasthmaandotherallergicdiseasesonindividualsandcommunities。Furthermore,itisimportanttoprioritizepublichealthinterventionsaimedatreducingexposuretoenvironmentalpollutantsandothertriggersofasthmaandallergies.Thiscanincludepoliciestoaddressairquality,suchasreducingemissionsfromtransportationandindustry,aswellasmeasurestodecreaseexposuretoallergens,suchasimprovinghousingconditionsandpromotingsafefoodhandlingpractices.

Inaddition,effortstoimproveaccesstoappropriatemedicalcareandmedicationsforasthmaandallergiesmustbeapriority,particularlyfordisadvantagedcommunitieswhomaybeatahigherriskfortheseconditions.Increasededucationandawarenessabouttheimportanceofearlydetectionandmanagementofasthmaandallergiescanalsohelptoreducetheburdenofthesediseasesonindividualsandsociety.

Finally,ongoingresearchintotheunderlyingmechanismsofasthmaandallergiesisessentialforthedevelopmentofnewandmoreeffectivetreatments.Advancesinprecisionmedicineandpersonalizedtherapiesholdpromiseforimprovingoutcomesforindividualswiththeseconditions,andcontinuedinvestmentinresearchiscriticaltorealizingthesebenefits.

Inconclusion,whileasthmaandallergiesremainsignificantpublichealthchallenges,acomprehensiveandintegratedapproachthataddressesthecomplexinterplayofgenetic,environmental,andlifestylefactorscanhelptoreducetheburdenofthesediseasesonindividualsandsociety.Byprioritizingprevention,improvingaccesstocare,andadvancingresearch,wecanworktowardsafuturewhereasthmaandallergiesarenolongerabarriertohealthandwell-being。However,therearestillseveralchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedinordertoachievethisgoal.Onemajorissueisthelackofawarenessandunderstandingabouttheseconditionsamongindividualsandhealthcareproviders.Manypeoplemaynotrecognizethesymptomsofasthmaorallergies,leadingtodelayeddiagnosisandtreatment.Similarly,healthcareprovidersmaynotreceivesufficienteducationandtrainingtoeffectivelymanagetheseconditions,resultinginsuboptimalcare.

Toaddressthesechallenges,thereisaneedforincreasedpubliceducationandawarenesscampaigns,aswellasimprovedtrainingandresourcesforhealthcareproviders.Thiscanhelptoensurethatindividualswithasthmaorallergiesreceivetimelyandappropriatecare,andcanhelptopreventcomplicationsandexacerbationsoftheirconditions.

Anotherimportantissueisthehighcostofasthmaandallergymanagement.Treatmentoptionssuchasmedicationsandrespiratorydevicescanbeexpensive,andmanyindividualsmaynothaveacc