1998考研英語一真題專業(yè)客

1998年入學統(tǒng)一考試英語試題

SectionI StructureandVocabulary

PartADirections:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)

Example:

IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes 1979.

from

after

for

since

Thesentenceshouldread,“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince1979.”Therefore,

youshouldchoose[D].

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime thelastbus.

tohavecaught

tocatch

catching

havingcaught

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we soformally.

needn’tdressup

didnotneedhavedressedup

didnotneeddressup

needn’thavedressedup

IapologizeifI you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.

offend

hadoffended

shouldhaveoffended

mighthaveoffended

Althoughateenager,Fredcouldresist whattodoandwhatnottodo.

tobetold

havingbeentold

beingtold

tohavebeentold

Greatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortageavoided.

istobe

canbe

willbe

hasbeen

ngyour isasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrueitcomestoclassroomtests.

before

as

since

when

Thereareover100nightschoolsinthecity,makingitpossibleforaprofessionaltobereeducatednomatter hedoes.

how

where

what

when

I’vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhomIwasatschool twentyyearsago.

about

since

till

with

Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety, insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.

beingconsidered

considering

tobeconsidered

havingconsidered

forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublic,our wouldnotbesothrivingasitis.

Haditnotbeen

Wereitnot

Beitnot

Shoulditnotbe

PartBDirections:

Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)

Example:

Anumberof[A]foreignvisitorsweretaken[B]totheindustrialexhibition,which[C]theysaw

[D]manynewproducts.

Part[C]iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentothe

industrialexhibition,wheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C].

AccordingtoDarwin,randomchangesthatenhanceaspecies’

A

abilityforsurviving

B

areC

naturallyselectedandpassedontosucceeding

D

generations.

Neitherrainnorsnowkeeps

A

thepostmanfromdeliveringourletterswhich

B

wesomuch

C

lookforwardtoreceive.

D

Iftheywillnotacceptacheck,weshallhavetopaythecash,thoughitwouldbemuchA B C D

troubleforbothsides.

Havingbeen

A

robbedoff

B

economicimportance,thosestatesarenot

C

likelytocountfor

verymuchD

ininternationalpoliticalterms.

Themessagewillbe

A

thatB

neitherthemarketnorthe ernmentiscapableofdealingwith

alloftheir

C

uncontrollablepractices.

D

Thelogicofscientificdevelopmentissuch

A

thatseparates

B

groupsofmenworkingon

C

the

sameprobleminfar-scattered

D

laboratoriesarelikelytoarriveatthesameansweratthe

sametime.

Yetnotalloftheseracesarein lectualinferiorto

A

theEuropeanraces,and

B

somemayeven

havea

C

freshnessandvitalitythatcanrenewtheenergies

D

ofmoreadvancedraces.

The

A

morethan50,000nuclearweaponsinthehandsofvariousnationstodayaremorethan

B

ampledestroying

C

everycityintheworldseveraltimesover.

D

Theuniverseworksinawaysofarremove

A

fromwhatcommonsensewould

B

allowthat

C

wordsofanykindmustnecessarilybeinadequatetoexinit.

D

Theintegrationofindependentstatescouldbestbe

A

broughtaboutbyfirst

B

creatinga

centralorganizationwith

C

overtechnical

D

economictasks.

PartCDirections:

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

Example:

ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound inthewoodsoffthehighway.

vanished

scattered

abandoned

rejected

Thesentenceshouldread,“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoff

thehighway.”Therefore,youshouldchoose[C].

Themachineneedsacomplete sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.

amending

fitting

mending

renovating

Thereweremanypeoplepresentandheappearedonlyforafewseconds,soIonlycaughtaofhim.

glance

glimpse

look

sight

Idon’tthinkit’swiseofyouto yourgreaterknowledgeinfrontofthedirector,foritmayoffendhim.

showup

showout

showin

showoff

Thereturnsintheshort maybesmall,butoveranumberofyearstheinvestmentwillbewellrepaid.

interval

range

span

term

Athoroughstudyofbiologyrequires withthepropertiesoftreesandnts,andthehabitofbirdsandbeasts.

acquisition

discrimination

curiosity

familiarity

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould herlongeffort.

justify

testify

rectify

verify

I’mverygladtoknowthatmybosshasgenerouslyagreedto mydebtinreturnforcertainservices.

takeaway

cutout

writeoff

clearup

Somejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat .

explosion

sensation

exaggeration

stimulation

Accordingtowhatyouhavejustsaid,amItounderstandthathisnewpost noresponsibilitywithitatall?

shoulders

possesses

carries

shares

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

comment

reaction

impression

comprehension

Please yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicces,sincethelawforbidsthem.

restrain

hinder

restrict

prohibit

Without ephoneitwouldbeimpossibletocarryonthefunctionsof everybusinessoperationinthewholecountry.

practically

preferably

precisely

presumably

Preliminaryestimationputsthefigureataround$110billion, the$160billiontheisstrugglingtogetthroughtheCongress.

inproportionto

inreplyto

inrelationto

incontrastto

Heisnninganothertourabroad,yethispassportwill attheendofthismonth.

expire

exceed

terminate

cease

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread lettersfromtheirfamilies.

sentimental

affectionate

intimate

sensitive

Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto ,oratleastweaken,thetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.

revolt

revolve

reverse

revive

Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,somychoicewasquite .

arbitrary

rational

mechanical

unpredictable

Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepriceofvegetablesnolongeraccordingtotheweather.

altered

converted

fluctuated

modified

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot theirprospectofpromotion.

spur

further

induce

rein

Inwhat toalastminutestayofexecution,acouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsa lites.

applies

accounts

attaches

amounts

SectionII ClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthe

correspondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They 41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe 42 man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe 44oftheEnglishpopulation. 45 contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla 46 agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.

Thisview,47,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists48historyandeconomics,have49twothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was50bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.

[A]admitted [B]believed [C]claimed [D]predicted

[A]in [B]average [C]mean [D]normal

[A]momentary [B]prompt [C]instant [D]immediate

[A]bulk [B]host [C]gross [D]magnitude

[A]On [B]With [C]For [D]By

[A]broadly [B]thoroughly [C]generally [D]comple y

47.

[A]however

[B]meanwhile [C]

therefore

[D]moreover

48.

[A]at

[B]in

[C]about

[D]for

49.

[A]manifested

[B]approved

[C]shown

[D]speculated

50.

[A]noted

[B]impressed

[C]labeled

[D]marked

SectionIII ReadingComprehension

Directions:

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)

Text1

Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalso,sometimes,tobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.

Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn’thelpthatbuildingabig,powerfuldamhas easymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassert

themselves.Egypt’sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey’

sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.

Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft--allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.

Andyet,themythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.Thisweek,intheheartofcivilizedEurope,SlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechs,andnowneedsadamtoproveitself.

Meanwhile,in ,theWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerful,buttheyarefarfromguaranteed.

Proper,scientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvethese s.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmyths,itishardtobeeitherproper,orscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon’tneedadamtobesaved.

ThethirdsentenceofParagraph1impliesthat .

peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality

theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted

over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings

fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight

InParagraph5,“thepowerless”probablyrefersto .

areasshortofelectricity

damswithoutpowerstations

poorcountriesaround

commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamarea

Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams?

Theybringinmorefertilesoil.

Theyhelpdefendthecountry.

Theystrengtheninternationalties.

Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.

Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas .

“It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk”

“Morehaste,lessspeed”

“Lookbeforeyouleap”

“Hewholaughslastlaughsbest”

Text2

Well,nogainwithoutpain,theysay.Butwhataboutpainwithoutgain?EverywhereyougoinAmerica,youheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.

Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthat,ifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogether,productivityhasgrownonaverageby1.2%since1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991,productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayear,whichismorethantwicethe1978-87average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycle,andsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.Thereis,asRobertRubin,thetreasurysecretary,says,a“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.

Someofthiscanbeeasilyexined.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkce--allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing--areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomy,whichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinery,newtechnology,andinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreover,mostofthe

changesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitable,andthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.

Twootherexnationsaremorespeculative.First,someofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Second,evenifitwaswelldone,itmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.

LeonardSchlesinger,aHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPain,arapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafes,saysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycases,hebelieves,thelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.Hiscolleague,MichaelBeer,saysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashion,chopoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish--“theworstsortofambulancechasing.”

Accordingtotheauthor,theAmericaneconomicsituationis .

notasgoodasitseems

atitsturningpoint

muchbetterthanitseems

neartocompleterecovery

Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth .

excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle

fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation

meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople

failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

Theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain?”because .

hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”

hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks

hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading

hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.

Newwaysoforganizingworkcesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.

Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.

Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.

Text3

leSciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.Thinkof o’

s17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’s

harshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics

--butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“anti-science”inseveralbooks,notablygiHherSupeitrson,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWlrod,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Anti-scienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheanti-sciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,from whoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxtoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-science,asan

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheanti-scienceepithetisindangerof ingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)nti-science’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”

-e cennotesHarvardUniversityphilosopher

ndience.

“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

Theword“schism”(Line4,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans .[A]

dissatisfaction

separation

contempt

Paragraphs2and3arewrittento .

discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

exinthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

Environmentalistswereblamedforanti-scienceinanessay.

Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofanti-science.

The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasanti-science.

Taggingenvironmentalistsas“anti-science”isjustifiable.

Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.anti-science”is .

impartial

subjective

biased

puzzling

Text4

Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelomoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.

Thisdevelopment--anditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead

--hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica’smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthe

historyofthenation’sheadcounting.

Altogether,theUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby23.2millionpeople--numericallythethird-largestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evenso,thatgainaddsuptoonly11.4percent,lowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfortheDepressionyears.

AmericanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernumberssinceWorldWarII,andthepatternstillprevails.

Threesun-beltstates--Florida,TexasandCalifornia--togetherhadnearly10millionmorepeoplein1980thanadecadeearlier.Amonglargecities,SanDiegomovedfrom14thto8thandSanAntoniofrom15thto10th--withClevelandandWashington.D.C.,dropoutofthetop10.

Notallthatshiftcanbeattributedtothemovementoutofthesnowbelt,censusofficialssay.Nonstopwavesofimmigrantsyedarole,too--andsodidbiggercropsofbabiesasyesterday’s“babyboom”generationreacheditschild-bearingyears.

Moreover,demographersseethecontinuingshiftsouthandwestasjoinedbyarelatedbutnewerphenomenon:Moreandmore,Americansapparentlyarelookingnotjustforceswithmorejobsbutwithfewerpeople,too.Someinstances—

Regionally,theRockyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthrate--37.1percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.

Amongstates,NevadaandArizonagrewfastestofall:63.5and53.1percentrespectively.ExceptforFloridaandTexas,thetop10inrateofgrowthiscomposedofWesternstateswith7.5

millionpeople--about9persquare.

Theflightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigrationfromsnowbelttomorebearableclimates.

Nowheredo1980censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.There,Californiaadded3.7milliontoitspopulationinthe1970s,morethananyotherstate.

Inthatdecade,however,largenumbersalsomigratedfromCalifornia,mostlytootherpartsoftheWest.Oftentheychose--andstillarechoosing--somewhatcolderclimatessuchasOregon,IdahoandAlaskainordertoescapesmog,crimeandothersofurbanizationintheGoldenState.

Asaresult,California’sgrowthratedroppedduringthe1970s,to18.5percent--littlemorethantwothirdsthe1960s’growthfigureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.

Discernedfromtheperplexingpictureofpopulationgrowththe1980censusprovided,Americain1970s .

enjoyedthelowestnetgrowthofpopulationinhistory

witnessedasouthwesternshiftofpopulation

underwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationgrowth

broughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorldWarII

Thecensusdistinguisheditselffrompreviousstudiesonpopulationmovementinthat

.

itstressestheclimaticinfluenceonpopulationdistribution

ithighlightsthecontributionofcontinuouswavesofimmigrants

itrevealstheAmericans’newpursuitofspaciousliving

itelaboratesthedelayedeffectsofyesterday’s“babyboom”

Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthat .

CaliforniawasoncethemostthinlypopulatedareainthewholeUS

thetop10statesingrowthrateofpopulationwerealllocatedintheWest

citieswithbetterclimatesbenefitedunanimouslyfrommigration

Arizonarankedsecondofallstatesinitsgrowthrateofpopulation

Theword“demographers”(Line1,Paragraph8)mostprobablymeans .

peopleinfavorofthetrendofdemocracy

advocatesofmigrationbetweenstates

scientistsengagedinthestudyofpopulation

conservativesclingingtooldpatternsoflife

Text5

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.Unlikemostoftheworld’svolcanoes,theyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingtesthatmakeuptheearth’ssurface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofate.Mostofthehotspotsmoveonlyslowly,andinsomecasesthemovementofthetespastthemhaslefttrailsofdeadvolcanoes.Thehotspotsandtheirvolcanictrailsaretonesthatmarkthepassageofthetes.

Thatthetesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.AfricaandSouthAmerica,forexample,aremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialisinjectedintotheseafloorbetweenthem.Thecomplementarycoastlinesandcertaingeologicalfeaturesthatseemtospantheoceanareremindersofwherethetwocontinentswereoncejoined.Therelativemotionofthetescarryingthesecontinentshasbeenconstructedindetail,butthemotionofonetewithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybetranslatedintomotionwithrespecttotheearth’sinterior.Itisnotpossibletodeterminewhetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheronecontinentisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Hotspots,anchoredinthedeeperlayersoftheearth,providethemeasuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequestion.Fromanysisofthehot-spotpopulationitappearsthattheAfricanteisstationaryandthatithas

notmovedduringthepast30millionyears.

Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnotconfinedtotheirroleasaframeofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropelthetesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentaltecometorestoverahotspot,thematerialrising

fromdeeperlayerscreatesabroaddome.Asthedomegrows,itdevelopsdeepfissures(cracks);inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thusjustasearliertheorieshaveexinedthemobilityofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexintheirmutability(inconstancy).

Theauthorbelievesthat .

themotionofthetescorrespondstothatoftheearth’sinterior

thegeologicaltheoryaboutdriftingteshasbeenprovedtobetrue

thehotspotsandthetesmoveslowlyinoppositedirections

themovementofhotspotsprovesthecontinentsaremovingapart

ThatAfricaandSouthAmericawereoncejoinedcanbededucedfromthefactthat .

thetwocontinentsarestillmovinginoppositedirections

theyhavebeenfoundtosharecertaingeologicalfeatures

theAfricantehasbeenstablefor30millionyears

over100hotspotsarescatteredallaroundtheglobe

Thehotspottheorymayproveusefulinexining .

thestructureoftheAfricantes

therevivalofdeadvolcanoes

themobilityofthecontinents

theformationofnewoceans

Thepassageismainlyabout .

thefeaturesofvolcanicactivities

theimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingtes

thesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicalstudies

theprocessoftheformationofvolcanoes

SectionIVEnglish- Translation

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto .YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Theywere,byfar,thelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientistshadeverdetected:astripofenormouscosmiccloudssome15billionlight-yearsfromearth.71)Butevenmoreimportant,itwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected:theUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration’sCosmicBackgroundExplorersa lite--Cobe--haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathas eknownastheBigBang(thetheory

thattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassof