英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力練習(xí)材料：心情可以影響嗅覺(jué)

□□□□英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力練習(xí)材料：心情可以影響嗅覺(jué)TheSmellOfAnxietyOursenseofsmellcanhavealargeimpactonhowwethinkandfeel.Butdidyouknowthatmoodcanaffecthowwesmell?WhenNeutralOdorsTurnBadAccordingtoastudybyresearchersattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,feelinganxiouscanmaketypicallyneutralsmellsseemrepugnant.Thestudyinvolvedadozenvolunteerswhoratedapanelofneutralsmells.Then,whileinsideanMRImachine,subjectsweremadetofeelanxiouswithdisturbingimagesofcarcrashesandgrislywarscenes.Theywerethenaskedtorankthepanelsofneutralsmellsonceagain.Butnow,afterhavingbeenmadeanxiousbytheimages,theydescribedsomeofthesmellsasnegative.SoWhat’sGoingOn?MRIrevealedthatduringinducedanxiety,thesmellrelatedcircuitsofthebrainbecameintertwinedwiththebrain’semotionalcircuitry.Normally,thosecircuitsdon’tinteractmuch,butwhenthesubjectswereanxious,thecircuitsmorphedintosomethinglikeaunifiednetwork,essentiallyrewiringthebrain.Andsomehow,thatrewiringaffectedhowthesubjectsinteractedwiththeworldthroughsmell.Sowhydoesthismatter?First,becauseithelpsexplainhowanxietycanfeedonitself.Insofarasbeinganxiousmakesthingssmellgenerallyworse,thoseworsesmellsmayinturncausegreateranxiety,creatingananxietyfeedbackloop.Onthebrightside,understandinghowemotionandsmellcanintertwinemayalsoleadtowaystousesmellasawaytocombatanxietyandothermentaldisordersanintriguingpossibilitythatmaybeborneoutwithmoreresearch心情能夠影響你的嗅覺(jué)我們的嗅覺(jué)對(duì)我們的思維和感覺(jué)能夠產(chǎn)生很大影響。但你知道嗎，心情也是能夠影響嗅覺(jué)的。當(dāng)中性氣味變的刺鼻時(shí)根據(jù)威斯康星麥迪遜大學(xué)研究人員的一份報(bào)告顯示，焦慮的心情能夠讓典型的中性氣味變得刺鼻。該項(xiàng)研究邀請(qǐng)了12名志愿者并讓他們辨別一組中性氣味。然后通過(guò)向他們播放撞車(chē)和可怕的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)場(chǎng)景圖像來(lái)使他們產(chǎn)生焦慮的情緒，并用核磁共振儀實(shí)行觀察。接著，志愿者們被要求再次對(duì)這組中性氣味實(shí)行辨別。但是因?yàn)橹翱吹降挠捌a(chǎn)生了焦慮感，他們這次則表示聞到的氣體是刺鼻的。核磁共振結(jié)果顯示，因?yàn)樾那榻箲]，大腦中跟嗅覺(jué)相關(guān)的回路跟情緒相關(guān)的回路產(chǎn)生了交織。正常情況下，這些回路并不會(huì)發(fā)生太多的互動(dòng)，但是當(dāng)人體變得焦慮時(shí)，這兩種回路就會(huì)變成一個(gè)看似交織在一起的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)就是對(duì)大腦的回路實(shí)行了重組。而且，不知何故，這種改變影響了志愿者通過(guò)嗅覺(jué)與外界實(shí)行聯(lián)系的方式。為什么知道這個(gè)點(diǎn)會(huì)很重要呢？首先，它能夠有助于解釋焦慮是如何變強(qiáng)的。如果說(shuō)一定水準(zhǔn)的焦慮會(huì)讓人感覺(jué)聞到的東西很刺鼻，那么越刺鼻的氣