高考詞匯分頻精講與精練

900差距詞匯分頻精講與精練-第1期【四級(jí)4400—高考35001對(duì)高中閱讀訓(xùn)練的幾點(diǎn)建議閱讀材料的遣詞造句有一定難度，要有“嚼勁”。高三后期集中記憶300多個(gè)高考閱讀理解中常見(jiàn)的大學(xué)詞匯。（前期我認(rèn)為可以解決900）文章的話題要有一定的陌生度，話題過(guò)于熟悉，沒(méi)有難度。文章的篇幅可以適度大于800字，取乎其上得其中。多考慮一些高端思維的問(wèn)題，培養(yǎng)自己立體思維的能力。學(xué)會(huì)“提綱挈領(lǐng)”式的閱讀，邊閱讀邊記憶，邊總結(jié)段落大意。第一期：50個(gè)單詞【分頻】compound12exhaustllextensivellcapacity10manufacture10yield9engage8fulfil（l）8lest8residentscoordinate?excessive?identical?intensive?perspective7retain?alter6cultivatedeconomical6exaggerate6imposedinquiredliberal6manufacturedlearning6oppress6pursuedregulate6resistant6resort6stimulate6strain6subjective6tracedalert5breed5conform5corporationsdispute5dramatic5expansion5federal5indifferent5indispensable5inevitable5intensity5isolate5opponent5outlook5lean5【單詞后面的數(shù)字是軟件統(tǒng)計(jì)出來(lái)的使用頻率。例句盡可能用了四級(jí)真題中的】compound12n.化合物，復(fù)合物；有圍墻（或籬笆等）的房屋群，大院a.復(fù)合的，化合的vt.使惡化，加重；使化合，使合成【點(diǎn)撥】compoundnouns復(fù)合名詞//Theproblemswerecompoundedbyseverelaborshortages.勞力的嚴(yán)重短缺加重了這些問(wèn)題。exhaust11vt.使精疲力盡；耗盡，用光；詳盡論述n.排氣裝置，排氣管，排氣孔；（排出的）廢氣，廢液【點(diǎn)撥】Afullday'sworkreallyexhaustsme.一天的工作真的讓我筋疲力盡。//Ashehasexhaustedourpatience,we'llnotwaitforhimanylonger他已經(jīng)把我們的耐心耗盡了，我們不再等他了。//Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep生活在每個(gè)人都因加班和睡眠不足而筋疲力盡的世界，很難創(chuàng)建行為規(guī)范?！九伞縠xhausted（a.精疲力竭的；耗盡的）；exhausting（a.使用盡的）extensive11a.廣泛的，大量的；廣大的，廣闊的【點(diǎn)撥】theextensiveuseoffertilizer肥料的廣泛使用//extensiveknowledge廣博的知識(shí)capacity10n.容量，容積；才能，能力；身份，職位【點(diǎn)撥】Thetheaterhadaseatingcapacityof400people.這個(gè)劇院可以容納400人。Scientistsfoundthatchildrenhavearemarkablecapacitytolearnlanguage.科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的能力很強(qiáng)。//Roywillbeworkinginanadvisorycapacityonthisproject.羅伊在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中擔(dān)任顧問(wèn)。【考】capacityfordoingsth./capacitytodosth.做某事的能力manufacture10vt.（大量）制造，加工n.制造業(yè)，（大量）制造；［pl-］制造品，產(chǎn)品【點(diǎn)撥】ThecarwasfirstmanufacturedinBritainin1950.這種車1950年第一次在英國(guó)制造?！╰hemanufactureofweapons武器制造【派】manufactured（a.人造的）yield9vi.屈服，順從；倒塌，垮掉vt.生產(chǎn)，出產(chǎn)；讓出，放棄n.產(chǎn)量，收益【點(diǎn)撥】yieldtosb./sth.屈服，讓步：Thebusinessmanyieldedtohiscustomersandhalvedtheprice.商人對(duì)顧客妥協(xié)了，將商品的價(jià)格減半。Thetreestillyieldsappleseveryyear.這棵樹(shù)仍然每年都結(jié)蘋(píng)果。//highyield高產(chǎn)量//Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.她的健身鍛煉產(chǎn)生了很好的效果。engagesvt.使忙于，使從事于；占用（時(shí)間、精力等）；吸引；雇，聘；使訂婚vi.參加，從事于【點(diǎn)撥】engagein忙于：Moststudentsinouruniversityengageinregularexercise.我們大學(xué)里的大部分學(xué)生都參加定期訓(xùn)練。engagesb.as雇用某人作為...：Theorganizationdecidedtoengagelocalpeopleasvolunteers.該組織決定雇用當(dāng)?shù)厝俗鳛橹驹刚?。【用】短語(yǔ)engagein后面要跟動(dòng)詞的-ing形式?！九伞縠ngagement（n.訂婚，婚約；約會(huì)）fulfil（l）8vt.履行，實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿足，使?jié)M意【點(diǎn)撥】fulfillatask完成任務(wù)：Atlast,Benfulfilledhistaskontime.本最終按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。Theparentswerefulfilledwatchingtheirchildrengrowup.這對(duì)父母心滿意足地看著孩子們長(zhǎng)大成人?！究肌縡ulfillone'sdemand滿足某人的要求【派】self-fulfilling（a.自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的）lest8conj.唯恐，免得【點(diǎn)撥】Igrippedmyson'sarmlesthebehurt.我握緊兒子的胳膊以免他受傷?！居谩縧est引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。residentsn.居民，定居者；住院醫(yī)生a.居住的，定居的；住校的，住在住所的【點(diǎn)撥】Theresidents,allofwhosehomeshadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.（2002.6）當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦姆孔佣急换馃龤Я?，他們得到了紅十字會(huì)的幫助?！╝residentexpert常駐專家【派】residential（a.居住的，住宅的）；residence（n.住處，居住）coordinate?vt.調(diào)節(jié)，協(xié)調(diào)n.坐標(biāo)a.同等的，并列的【點(diǎn)撥】Countriesshouldsetupcentralauthoritiestocoordinatewatersupply.（2001.6）各個(gè)國(guó)家應(yīng)當(dāng)成立中央管理機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)供水問(wèn)題。〃thexandycoordinatesx和y坐標(biāo)【考】coordinateAwithB協(xié)調(diào)A與B之間的關(guān)系excessive?a.過(guò)多的，過(guò)分的，過(guò)度的【點(diǎn)撥】anexcessiveamountofwork過(guò)多的工作【辨】excessive,additionalexcessive意為“過(guò)多的，過(guò)分的，過(guò)度的”，指多得超過(guò)了所需，有“泛濫”的意思；而additional只表示“額外的，另外的“。identical?a.相同的，相等的；同一的【點(diǎn)撥】beidenticalto/with與...相同：Yournewdressisalmostidenticaltomine.你的新衣服幾乎和我的一模一樣?！居谩縤dentical的意思和same相同，可same的常用搭配是ensive?a.集中的，加強(qiáng)的，密集的；精耕細(xì)作的，集約的【點(diǎn)撥】anintensivecourseinFrench法語(yǔ)集訓(xùn)班//capitalintensiveindustry資本密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)perspective?n.視角，觀點(diǎn)；遠(yuǎn)景，景觀；前景；透視畫(huà)法，透視圖【點(diǎn)撥】Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.外國(guó)人可以用全新的視角來(lái)看待現(xiàn)有的運(yùn)作方式。//Weshouldlearntoseetheissuefromadifferentperspective.我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)從不同的角度看待這個(gè)問(wèn)題。//economicperspective經(jīng)濟(jì)前景//Clearly,fromtheschools'perspective,there'salotofmoneytobesaved.很明顯，從學(xué)校的角度出發(fā)，會(huì)省很多錢(qián)?！究肌縫erspectiveon對(duì)...的觀點(diǎn)retain?vt.保留，保持【點(diǎn)撥】Manylocalresidentswanttoretaintheexistingcharacterofthearea.許多當(dāng)?shù)氐木用穸枷ＭＡ粼摰貐^(qū)現(xiàn)有的特色。alter6vt.改變，變更；修改衣服【點(diǎn)撥】Itdoesnotalterthefactthathewasthemanresponsibleforthedeathofthelittlegirl.他得對(duì)那個(gè)小女孩的死負(fù)責(zé)，這是不能改變的事實(shí)?！℅racehadthedressalteredforthewedding.為了婚禮，格蕾絲把禮服改了一下。【派】alternation（n.改變，變更）；unaltered（a.未被改變的，不變的）cultivate6vt.耕作，栽培；培養(yǎng)；陶冶【點(diǎn)撥】Thetribecultivatedthelandandgrewmaize.這個(gè)部族耕作土地，種植玉米。//FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinordertocultivatechildren'screativity.一些日本幼兒園采用讓孩子自由玩耍的形式來(lái)培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造力?！居谩靠梢灾阜N植莊稼，又可用來(lái)指培養(yǎng)人的能力?！九伞縞ultivation（n.耕種；培養(yǎng)）；cultivated（a.培養(yǎng)成的，養(yǎng)成的）economical6a.節(jié)約的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的，省儉的【點(diǎn)撥】Ilikethiscarbecauseit'sveryeconomicalonpetrol.我喜歡這輛車，因?yàn)樗苁∮??！居谩孔⒁鈪^(qū)分形近詞economic（經(jīng)濟(jì)的；經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的）和economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)）。exaggerate6v.夸大，夸張【點(diǎn)撥】Thepressmayexaggeratetheirinfluenceonthewaypeoplevote.媒體也許夸大了他們?cè)谌藗冞x舉方式上的影響。【派】exaggeration（n.夸張）；exaggerated（a.夸張的）impose6vt.把…強(qiáng)加于；征（稅等），處以（罰款、監(jiān)禁等）【點(diǎn)撥】imposeon/upon把…強(qiáng)加于：Thenewpolicyimposesadditionalfinancialburdensonmanycitizens.這項(xiàng)新政策把額外的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)強(qiáng)加在許多市民身上?！九伞縤mposinga.壯觀的inquire6vt.打聽(tīng)，詢問(wèn)【點(diǎn)撥】inquireafter/about問(wèn)起（某人）；問(wèn)候：IamwritingtoinquireaboutyouradvertisementinBeijingReview.我寫(xiě)信是想詢問(wèn)您在《北京周報(bào)》上的廣告?！究肌縤nquireintosth.調(diào)查…，探究…【派】inquiry（n.調(diào)查）liberal6a.自由的，不受約束的；文科教育的；心胸寬廣的，開(kāi)明的；（指政治觀點(diǎn)上的）自由主義的；慷慨的，大方的【點(diǎn)撥】liberalarts文科//Theyoungsoldierwearshisliberalbadgesproudly.年輕的士兵自豪地佩戴著自由勛章。manufacturedn.制造商，制造廠learning6n.知識(shí)，學(xué)問(wèn)【點(diǎn)撥】amethodoflanguagelearning學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的方法oppress6vt.壓迫，壓制；使（心情等）沉重，使煩惱【點(diǎn)撥】Jewsatthetimewereseverelyoppressedandill-treatedinthatpartoftheworld.當(dāng)時(shí)猶太人在世界的那一地區(qū)受到了嚴(yán)重的壓迫和虐待。Thegloomyatmosphereintheofficeoppressedallthepeople.辦公室里陰郁的氣氛讓每個(gè)人都心情沉重?！九伞縪ppressed（a.壓抑的；受壓迫的）；oppressive（a.殘酷的，壓迫的）；oppression（n.壓迫；郁悶）pursue6vt.繼續(xù)，從事；追求；追趕，追蹤【點(diǎn)撥】Themaninsiststhathisdaughtershouldpursueherstudiesinscience.（2005.6）那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己的女兒應(yīng)該從事科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究工作。//Theoldmanpursuedloftypoliticalgoalsinhiswholelife.那個(gè)老人一生都在追求崇高的政治目標(biāo)?！居谩縫ursue既可以表示追逐具體的事物，也可以表示追逐抽象的事物，如名利等。regulate6vt.調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；管理，控制【點(diǎn)撥】Thedoctoradvisesmetoregulatemyeatinghabitstorecoversoon.醫(yī)生建議我調(diào)整飲食習(xí)慣以便早日康復(fù)。//Friendshipappearstobeauniqueformofhumanbondingthatitisnotdefinedorregulatedbylaw.友誼是人類關(guān)系的一種獨(dú)特形式，不被法律定義或管制。resistant6a.抵抗的，抗…的，耐…的【點(diǎn)撥】beresistantto抗...，耐...：Themetalishardandresistanttocorrosion,這種金屬堅(jiān)硬且耐腐蝕。【派】quake-resistant（a.抗震的）；wind-resistant（a.抗風(fēng)的）resort6vi.求助，憑借，訴諸n.求助，憑借，訴諸；求助（或憑借）的對(duì)象；采用的手段（或辦法）；常去之地，勝地【點(diǎn)撥】resorttosth./sb.訴諸...：IwouldneverhaveresortedtoacourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.（2002.6）如果不是這么絕望的話，我決不會(huì)訴諸法律。abeachresort海灘度假村【用】注意resortto結(jié)構(gòu)中to為介詞，后需接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。stimulate6vt.刺激，激勵(lì)【點(diǎn)撥】Recyclingstimulatesthelocaleconomybycreatingjobs.（2001.1）回收利用創(chuàng)造了新的工作崗位，刺激了當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?！居谩客x詞有motivate（激發(fā)）；spur（刺激）；activate（刺激；使活動(dòng)）。strain6n.過(guò)勞，極度緊張；拉緊，繃緊；張力；扭傷，拉傷；［常pl.］旋律，曲調(diào)；品種，家系；個(gè)性特點(diǎn)vt.扭傷，拉傷；盡力使用，使緊張；拉緊，繃緊vi.盡力，努力【點(diǎn)撥】mentalstrain精神緊張//IstrainedmybackwhenIliftedthebox.我抬箱子的時(shí)候扭了背。//Theincidenthasstrainedrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.這次事件導(dǎo)致兩國(guó)關(guān)系緊張。Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,對(duì)男性進(jìn)行定期體檢將不可避免地使公共資金吃緊?！究肌縮trainofwork工作壓力subjective6a.主觀（上）的，個(gè)人的【點(diǎn)撥】Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon'tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.味覺(jué)是很主觀的感覺(jué)，所以通常我們不對(duì)食物喜好進(jìn)行測(cè)驗(yàn)。trace6n.痕跡；絲毫，少許vt.追溯，探索；跟蹤，追蹤；描摹【點(diǎn)撥】Thepolicefoundnotraceoffingerprintsonthegun.警察沒(méi)有在槍上發(fā)現(xiàn)任何指紋。//Simon'sbooktracesthedevelopmentofthesociety.西蒙在書(shū)中探討了社會(huì)的發(fā)展?！究肌縯racebackto追溯到；atraceofsth.一點(diǎn)兒...；traceelement微量元素alert5a.警覺(jué)的，留神的vt.向…報(bào)警，使警惕；使認(rèn)識(shí)到，使意識(shí)到n.警戒（狀態(tài)），戒備（狀態(tài)）;警報(bào)【點(diǎn)撥】onthealert警戒著，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備著，密切注意著：Beonthealertforanyoneactingsuspiciously,對(duì)任何形跡可疑的人都要保持警惕。Peoplewillbealertiftheyarefacedwithinformationthatintereststhem.【考】bealerttosth,對(duì)…有所警覺(jué)【派】alertness（n.警覺(jué)，警戒，戒備）breed5n.種，品種；類型vi.繁殖vt.釀成，產(chǎn)生；飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)殖；養(yǎng)育，培育【點(diǎn)撥】anewbreedofinternationalcriminal新型的國(guó)際罪犯//Thesebirdsbreedduringthecoolermonthsoftheyear,這些鳥(niǎo)在每年天氣涼爽的時(shí)候繁殖后代。//ManyresearchersbelievethereissomethinginAsianculturethatbreedssuccess.很多研究人員相信，在亞洲文化中有某些使人成功的因素。conform5vi.遵守，適應(yīng)，順從；相似，一致，符合【點(diǎn)撥】conformto/with符合；遵守：Themembersmustconformtothefollowingrestrictions.成員必須遵守以下約束?！九伞縞onformism（n.墨守成規(guī)）；conformity（n.符合，一致）；nonconformity（n.不墨守corporation5n.公司【點(diǎn)撥】multinationalcorporations跨國(guó)公司dispute5n.爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)端vi.爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵vt.對(duì)…表示異議，就…發(fā)生爭(zhēng)論【點(diǎn)撥】beyonddispute無(wú)疑地，沒(méi)有爭(zhēng)論余地：Thetestresultsarebeyonddispute;theyhavebeenrepeatedinlabsallovertheworld.（2004.6）測(cè)試結(jié)果毋庸置疑；已經(jīng)在全世界的實(shí)驗(yàn)室反復(fù)驗(yàn)證過(guò)了。indispute在爭(zhēng)論中，處于爭(zhēng)議中：Thefactsofthecasearestillindispute.這起案件還有爭(zhēng)議。Thelawyersaredisputingabouttherightsandwrongsofthecase.律師們正在為這起案件的是非曲直爭(zhēng)論不休?！究肌縟isputeover對(duì)某事的爭(zhēng)論；indispute尚未解決；處于爭(zhēng)議中dramaticsa.戲劇性的，激動(dòng)人心的；引人注目的，突然的；戲劇的，劇本的n.[-s]戲劇表演，演劇活動(dòng)【點(diǎn)撥】Yourlovestoryistoodramatictobelieve.你的愛(ài)情故事太具戲劇性，讓人難以相信?！═hedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedbychangesinthevisaprocess.由于簽證程序的變更，9月11日后美國(guó)留學(xué)生招生數(shù)量急劇下降。【派】dramatically（ad.戲劇性地；引人注目地）expansionsn.擴(kuò)張，擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展；膨脹【點(diǎn)撥】Therapidexpansionofthecitycausesalotofenvironmentalproblems.【用】globalexpansion全球擴(kuò)張federal5a.聯(lián)邦（制）的，聯(lián)邦政府的【點(diǎn)撥】federalgovernment聯(lián)邦政府【派】federalist（n.聯(lián)邦制擁護(hù)者）indifferent5a.不關(guān)心的，不積極的；一般的，（表現(xiàn)）平平的【點(diǎn)撥】Thecompanyisindifferenttoitsemployees'opinions.公司對(duì)員工的想法漠不關(guān)心?！╝nindifferentcook廚藝平平的廚師indispensableSa.必不可少的，必需的【點(diǎn)撥】indispensableto/for必不可少的，必需的：Elenamadeherselfindispensabletothecompany.埃琳娜成為公司不可或缺的員工。inevitablesa.必然（發(fā)生）的，不可避免的【點(diǎn)撥】Mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisinevitable.我的觀點(diǎn)是一代人經(jīng)常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。intensity5n.強(qiáng)度；強(qiáng)烈，劇烈【點(diǎn)撥】intensityoflight光線強(qiáng)度//Theintensityofthepatient'spainscaredtheyoungnurse.病人劇烈的疼痛嚇壞了年輕的護(hù)士?！居谩孔⒁鈪^(qū)別形近詞density（密度，濃度）。isolatesvt.使隔離，使孤立【點(diǎn)撥】beisolatedfrom與...隔離：Thomaswasisolatedfromtheothercandidates.托馬斯與其他候選人隔離開(kāi)來(lái)。lean5vi.屈身；靠，倚；傾斜；依靠vt.使傾斜；使倚靠a.瘦的，脂肪少的；貧乏的，貧瘠的；收益少的【點(diǎn)撥】leanover彎下身子，俯身于...：Ihadtokeepchangingtheangleeverytimesheleanedovertotalktohim,orheleanedovertokissher每一次她俯身和他講話或他俯身親吻她時(shí)我都要不停地變換角度。Theactorwasleanandmuscular.這位演員瘦而強(qiáng)健?！居谩縧ean可用來(lái)形容人瘦，也可以形容土地貧瘠。【派】leaning（n.傾向，愛(ài)好）opponentsn.敵手，對(duì)手；反對(duì)者【例】adangerousopponent一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的對(duì)手//Mikeisanopponentofmodernity.邁克是現(xiàn)代化的反對(duì)者。outlooksn.觀點(diǎn)，看法；態(tài)度；展望，前景【例】Tosomeextent,exercisewillimproveyourlooksandyouroutlook.從某種程度上說(shuō)，鍛煉可以改善你的外貌和態(tài)度。//agloomyeconomicoutlook慘淡的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景【考】outlookonsth.對(duì)某事的看法；outlookforsth.對(duì)某事的展望指導(dǎo)你解決閱讀D篇論說(shuō)文和寫(xiě)作（以常州十校和南京聯(lián)考卷為例）DThewordtoleranceiswidelyusedinliberaldemocracies.Itindicatesapositivemeaning.Politiciansurgeustobetoleranttowardsminorities.Educatorsteachustobetoleranttowardstheother.Thepressisfullofreferencestotheneedtodisplaytolerancewhenfacedwithindividualsorgroupsespousingadifferentvieworholdingadifferentreligiousbelief.Atolerantsocietyisanobjectivesoughtafterbyanyonewhobelievesinthevaluesofdemocracy.Atolerantindividualisattributedwithvirtuousqualities.Thequestionwemustaskiswhetherwehavebeenusingthewordtolerancefullyawareofitsmeaningandwhetherwehaveapplieditcorrectlytoreflectwhatwereallywishtoconvey?Thewordtolerancemeanstobear,ortobearwith.IfItoleratesomethingorsomeone,IbasicallysaythatIamreadytobearitorhim.Icantolerateabadsmelloranoisyneighbour.Theactoftolerationforcesmetostopconveyingmyobjectiontotheexistenceofaphenomenon,whichIfinddifficulttobear.Abadsmelloranoisyneighbourisconsideredbymetobeanobjectionablephenomenon.Bytoleratingeitherofthem,Iamnottransformingthebadsmellorthenoisyneighbourintopositivephenomena.Let,sbehonest:Idon,thaveadifferenttastewhenitcomestobadsmells.Isimplydislikeitandwishthatitdisappears.Idon,trespectthenoisyneighbour.IwouldratherhavehimstopatoncethenoiseheismakingsoIcanliveinpeace.Totrytoremovethebadsmellortakereasonableactioninorderforthenoisyneighbourtostopbotheringmewouldmostprobablynotbeconsideredanintolerantactbymostpeople.Now,let,strytoapplythewordtoleranceinreferencetoapersonwhoislaw-abidingandholdsalegallyacceptabledifferentviewfrommyown.Imayhaveastrongview,whichisopposedtohis.Quitefrankly,Imaydecidetotoleratehisview.Bysodoing,Iwouldbeattributingtoitanegativecharacteristic.Iwouldapplythesameattitudetohisviewastothebadsmellornoisyneighbour.Thus,totrytotakeactioninordertomakehisviewdisappearwouldbeconsideredanintolerantact.TotoleratehisviewthewayIwouldabadsmelloranoisyneighbour,couldhardlybeconsideredvirtuous.Thesubjecttoleratingisbynaturenotequaltotheobjectbeingtolerated.IfItolerateyou,IessentiallysaythatIamaboveyouandamprepared,althoughunwillingly,tobearwithyourpresenceorwithyourpracticesoropinions.Thatmaybetrueinthecaseofanindividualwhoisreadytotoleratetheother.However,thisattitudebysuchanindividual,thoughempiricallytrue,ishardlyavirtue.Certainly,thefactthatanindividual,inreality,maymerelytoleratetheotherorhisopiniondoesnotjustifyagovernmentoranyofficialauthoritypromotingtoleranceasavirtue.Onecannottolerateanequalbeing.Trueequalityinvolvesrespect,nottoleration.Torespecttheotherasadistinctivepersonishardlytotoleratehim.Thisisthetruemeaningofequality:diversityexistinginamutually-respectfulsocio-legalsetting.Thedangerwithtoleranceisthatitcanleadtotheacceptanceofindividualsorgroupsbentondestroyingthefoundationsofdemocraticsystems.Wehaveseensuchcaseswithregardtopoliticalpartiesordestructivereligiousgroupsthathavebeentreatedinaliberalmannerundertheguiseoftolerance.Atolerantattitudeinvolvesthegrantofafavour,notaright.Thequestionweshouldaskourselvesiswhetherwewouldeverwishaparliamenttomakelawsaccordingtous,asindividualsandaspartofacollectiveentityorapermissiontopursuecertainactionsinterpretedasafavourratherthanaright?Indeed,wouldweeverwishanyonetolistentoourviewsandacceptusthewaywearesimplybecauseheiskindenoughtotolerateus?67.Thefirsttwoparagraphsaremainlyintendedtoshowthat.toleranceisasymbolofliberaldemocraciesdemocraticsocietyalwaysadvocatestolerancepeople,sunderstandingoftoleranceisone-sidedtolerancecanbeappliedtomanysituationsTheexampleofabadsmellandanoisyneighbourisraisedtoindicatethat.A.thewriterarefedupwiththem B.mostpeoplefindthemhardtotolerateC.thewriterisn,tprejudicedagainstthemD.toleratingthemisn,tavirtuousactWhichofthefollowingwillthewriterprobablyagreewith?Toomuchtolerancewillendangerthefoundationsofdemocraticsystems.Bytolerating,peoplecantransformsomethingnegativeintotheopposite.Peopletoleratingothersarelikelytoconsiderthemastheirequals.Beingtolerantshouldberegardedasarightinsteadofafavour.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe" ”.A.Toleranceandrespect B.Whatistobetolerated?C.IsToleranceaVirtue? D.Shouldpeoplebetolerant?說(shuō)理文該如何把握段意：（1）永遠(yuǎn)只有一個(gè)中心，通常都在首末句。（2）說(shuō)理文的行文結(jié)構(gòu)：道理+論證（舉例；對(duì)比；列舉）特別提示：某一段你可能看得頭暈?zāi)垦＃阒灰炊痪洌ㄗ詈檬莾删洌?，那么它就是你的救命稻草。說(shuō)理文的文體特點(diǎn)決定了，為論點(diǎn)服務(wù)的每一個(gè)論據(jù)都是具有高度統(tǒng)一性。你只要看懂了一句，那么其它句子的本質(zhì)含義和它是相關(guān)。這就是我強(qiáng)調(diào)的：看不懂例子就看論點(diǎn)；看不懂論點(diǎn)就看例子；看不到定位段的答案就看論點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)記?。赫撜f(shuō)文，重點(diǎn)抓論點(diǎn)。作文指導(dǎo)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。Howmanytimeshaveyouheardtheexpressionthatmostpeoplespendmoretimeplanningtheirvacationthantheydoplanningtheirlives.Iwouldexpandthatexpressionbyaddingthatmostpeoplespendmoretime"thinking"abouttheirvacationthantheydothinkingaboutwhat'simportantintheirlife.Whilerestandrelaxationareamustinlivingabalancedlife,it'snotwhatwewerecreatedtodo.Afterall,theMasterCreatortookhisR&R（RestandRecreation）ontheseventhday,onlyaftersixdaysof"definitelydirectedthought."WallaceD.Wattles,wrote"Thereisnolaborfromwhichmostpeopleshrinkastheydofromthatofsustainedandconsecutivethought;itisthehardestworkintheworld."Andyetitisthefirstandprimarylaborofachievement.Whatisyourlife'spurposeoryourpersonalmissionstatement?Isitwrittendown?Doyoureviewitandthinkaboutitoften?Isyourlifeorganizedaroundyourpurposeandasetofgoalsthatsupportthatpurpose?Withoutpurposeandgoals-definitelydirectedthought-youareliketheproverbial"shipwithoutarudder（舵）."Thereispowerinyourpurposeandinyourgoals.Itisthepowerthattakesyouoverobstacles,thefuelthatpushesyoutowardthelifeyouexpect.寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容1用約30個(gè)單詞寫(xiě)出上文概要2用約120詞發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容包括（1）讀完這篇文章后，你會(huì)目標(biāo)的認(rèn)識(shí)是什么？（2）你的近期short-termgoal和遠(yuǎn)期目標(biāo)long-termgoal分別是什么？（3）為了實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)，你現(xiàn)在打算怎么做？寫(xiě)作要求1作文中可以使用親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)故事2闡述觀點(diǎn)或提供論據(jù)時(shí)，不得直接引用原文語(yǔ)句3作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱4不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題第一步：如何概括說(shuō)明文或議論文：首尾段；記敘文：抓時(shí)間人物事件，即：某人做了某事。第一段：mostpeoplespendmoretime"thinking"abouttheirvacationthantheydothinkingaboutwhat'simportantintheirlife.末段：Thereispowerinyourpurposeandinyourgoals.Itisthepowerthattakesyouoverobstacles,thefuelthatpushesyoutowardthelifeyouexpect.請(qǐng)同學(xué)們改寫(xiě)：［此類體裁的文章，基本等同于改寫(xiě)首尾段；或者羅列一下每段開(kāi)頭］Goals,ignoredeasilybymanyof,canguideusintherightdirection,helpusovercomedifficultiesandachievewhatwewanteventually.第二段：由于這是正能量的文章，所以避免不了要先整理此方面的常用詞匯。shapeourvalues; gainusaninsightinto...asourceofmotivationjustifyouraction layasolidfoundationfor...pavethewayfor...playavitalrolein... facilitatethecultivationof...上述的正能量詞語(yǔ)如果不夠，還可以反向論證，即：Lackof****willdepriveusofthe....andfrustrateourefforts.注意幾個(gè)正能量句型：Itis...that...The+比較級(jí)Itisadmittedthatgoalsplayakeyroleinshapingourvalues.Theynotonlygainusinsightintotheworldandsociety,butserveasasourceofmotivation.Thelongerwesticktothem,themorelikelywearetomakeadifference.Lackofgoals,undoubtedly,willdepriveusofthemotivationtopursueourdreamsandfrustrateoureffortsintheend.下面寫(xiě)第三段：經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生寫(xiě)這樣的提綱作文：某某是。。。，直接翻譯。實(shí)際這樣是不妥的。Personally,adreamisnurturedatthebottomofmyheartthatIhopetobeadoctortoalleviatemanypatients'caner.Itismylong-termgoal.Beingadmittedtoanidealuniversityismyshort-termgoal,whichcanpavethewayfortheformer.最后一段：寫(xiě)打算基本圍繞：study；workout;socializewithothers;Obeythelaw;Appealtootherstodo...但同學(xué)們，每一點(diǎn)你都要有合適的高級(jí)詞匯。Thus,Iwilldevotemyselftostudytoequipmyselfwithenoughknowledge.Also,I'dliketogivetopprioritytomyhealthbymakingitaroutinetoworkoutregularlytobuildupmystrength.Health,aguaranteeoffuturesuccess,countsforanythinginfulfillingourgoals.Iamfirmlyconvincedthatonlybydoingsocanmygoalscometrueoneday.參考范文：Despitethefactthatconstructingyourfuturewithgoalsistough,itdoesmakeadifferenceduringtheprocessofyourlife,asitguaranteesyourrightdirectionofconstantachievements.Personally,itcanneverbetootruethatlifecannotshinewithoutgoals.Nomatterwhatyoudo,solongasyouaredeterminedtoachieve,goalsarenecessary.Everybodyhashisowngoalswithnoexceptionofme.Beingamanusefultosocietyismylong-termgoalHowever,atpresent,toanidealuniversityisundoubtedlymydesire.Fewpeoplecansurvivewellunlessequippedwithabundantknowledge.Inanefforttorealizemydream,hardworkseemsthebestandonlychoice.NotonlywillImakemystudyplansindetail,butthemostimportantistoputmyplansintorealaction.OnlywithgreateffortscanIattainfurthereducationandeventuallystepintofuturewithgreatconfidence.8練習(xí)：HeworksforalargeAmerican.他就職于一家美國(guó)大公司。Iexpectedtoseeimprovement.我期望能看到引人注目的進(jìn)步。Thewasdividedintofourlivingareas.那個(gè)區(qū)域被劃分成四塊居住區(qū)。Wetalkedinalowvoiceweshouldwakethebabyup.我們小聲說(shuō)話以免吵醒嬰兒。Thebetweenthetwocountrieswassettledlastweek.兩國(guó)的爭(zhēng)端在上周解決了。IwassoexcitedtoseesnowthatIwastothecold.我看到雪激動(dòng)得連寒冷都不在乎了。Thecomputerisnowantoolinmanybusinesses.目前計(jì)算機(jī)是很多公司不可或缺的用具。You'llhavetobowtothe.你將不得不向不可避免的事態(tài)低頭。Forinstance,culturesthatweredepressionsandhomogeneous,suchasJapan,Demark,andGreece,arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory.例如，在日本、丹麥和希臘這樣的國(guó)家里，之前獨(dú)立、單一的文化現(xiàn)在正面臨著文化的多樣性，正如美國(guó)在其大部分歷史中所經(jīng)歷的那樣。（08-12聽(tīng)力）Iwassurprisedbytheofhisanxiety.我對(duì)他的極度焦慮感到吃驚。Thequalityofurbanlivinghasbeendamagedbynoiselevels.城市生活的質(zhì)量已被過(guò)度的噪音破壞。Yourappearanceistohers.你的相貌和她的一模一樣。Conservancy'ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocal.庫(kù)克將大自然保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)在波科諾地區(qū)取得的成功歸功于在當(dāng)?shù)亟⒘艘粋€(gè)地方分支機(jī)構(gòu)以及與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駡F(tuán)結(jié)一致、共同努力。（05-6閱讀）Themarathontalkshimcompletely.馬拉松式的談判使他精疲力竭。Theteacherhadbothknowledgeandprofoundscholarship.這位老師的學(xué)問(wèn)博大精深。Itisnotmerelydesirablebutforateachertohaveagenuinecapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople.9教師要有一種真正的同情能力，一種理解他人所想、所感的能力，這不僅是教師想要做到的，而且也是至關(guān)重要的。（03-6簡(jiǎn)答）Theofthesesmallcomponentsisexpensive.制造這些小部件是非常昂貴的。Welovepeace,yetwearenotthekindofpeopletotoanymilitarythreat.我們熱愛(ài)和平，但是我們不會(huì)屈服于任何軍事威脅。（02