英語的語言學試題庫

實用標準文案 英語語言學I.Directions：Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully,DecidewhichofthefourchoicescompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets..Thereare( )mainareasofphoneticstudy.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5ANSWER:B.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparativeANSWER:B.Foreignlanguagelearningalwayscontain( )AlanguagehistoricalprocesslearningB.inputandlanguagelearningCinterlanguageinlanguagelearningD.grammarandlanguagelearningANSWER:BCD.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,social精彩文檔實用標準文案group,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,()andkinterm.Atitle+firstname Btitle+titleCtitlealone Dfirstname+lastname+titleANSWER:C.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:( )Astressandmetricalpatterning BspeechandthoughtpresentationCprosestyle DanalysisofthetextANSWER:BC.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?( )ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationBLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsCChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageDHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuseANSWER:A.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof( )精彩文檔

實用標準文案AaminimumfreeformBstabilityCrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornotANSWER:ABC.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?( )AarbitrarinessCcreativity實用標準文案AaminimumfreeformBstabilityCrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornotANSWER:ABC.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?( )AarbitrarinessCcreativityANSWER:D.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:AthetraditionalapproachCthefunctionalapproachANSWER:ABCDBdualityDreplacement( )BthestructuralapproachDthegenerativeapproach.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.Aphoneme Bword Cphrase DsentenceANSWER:D.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof( )Aphonologicalchange BsemanticchangeCanalogicalchange DorthographicchangeANSWER:C精彩文檔實用標準文案.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled( )AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixesANSWER:B.( )isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemanticsANSWER:ATOC\o"1-5"\h\z.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?( )AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntaxANSWER:ACD.Whichdoesn,tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?( )AphoneticsBmorphology CmetalingyDsyntaxANSWER:C.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof( )AthevelumBthevocalcordsCtheglottisDtheuvulaANSWER:B.Senseof“word”contains:( )精彩文檔實用標準文案Aaphysicallydefinableunit BthecommonfactorunderlyingasetofformsCanessentialformerofsentencesDagrammaticalunitANSWER:ABD.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.Aregisters BstylesCdialectsDaccentsANSWER:A.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?( )Aarbitrariness BdualityCcreativity DreplacementANSWER:D.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause( )AtoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructuresBtohelptheaphasicsCtoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideasDtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychologyANSWER:AC精彩文檔實用標準文案II.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets(2%X10=20%)..Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.()ANSWER:F.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.()ANSWER:F.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.()ANSWER:F.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissF.deSaussure.()ANSWER:F7.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.()ANSWER:F8.Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformation精彩文檔實用標準文案retrieval.()ANSWER:F9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.()ANSWER:T.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()ANSWER:F.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture,languageandsociety,buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying.()ANSWER:F.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday,andsocial,cultural,personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting.()ANSWER:T.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.()ANSWER:F精彩文檔實用標準文案.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()ANSWER:T.Acompoundisthecombinationoftwowords.()ANSWER:F.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()ANSWER:T.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthroughdifferentperiodoftime,whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofacertainperiod.()ANSWER:F.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheoutcomeorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()ANSWER:T.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.()ANSWER:FHI.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms(3%X5=15%)..displacementANSWER:Displacement,asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage精彩文檔實用標準文案referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent,aseasilyashedoesthingspresently..culturaltransmissionANSWER:Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration,butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker..categoryANSWER:Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits..arbitrarinessANSWER:Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning..Vowl:ANSWER:Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sonoturbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.精彩文檔實用標準文案.lexicon:ANSWER:Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexicalcategoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation..linguisticsANSWER:Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety,butthelanguageofallhumanbeings..wordANSWER:Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.IV.Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguageANSWER:①arbitrariness②duality③creativity④displacement精彩文檔實用標準文案.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?ANSWER:Firstofall,humanlanguagehassix“designfeatures”whichanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothaveatleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.Secondly,linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzeestospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.Thirdly,ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguagenotevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttolotoso..Whatdoesphonologystudy?Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?ANSWER:Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.PhoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.精彩文檔實用標準文案.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.ANSWER:①Informativefunction②Interpersonalfunction③Performativefunction④Metalingualfunction⑤Phaticcommunionfunction⑥Recreationalfunction⑦EmotivefunctionV.Translation1.Inlinguistics,itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.ANSWER:在語言學上,它是指在一種語言中,對指導文字組合進而形成句子規(guī)則的研究,或簡言之,是對句子構成的研究.2.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:計算機是一種電子機器，它可以根據存放在內存里的一系列程序操控數據，并可以在非常短的時間內完成復雜的任務。3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,精彩文檔實用標準文案insomepartsoftheworld,therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.ANSWER:語音在書面寫作發(fā)明以前便早已存在了，即使到了今天，世界上一些地方，仍然還只是存在語言而沒有書寫系統(tǒng)。4.Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwithaviewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.ANSWER:多年以來，無數的詞典多次提出以期解釋“word”含義的事實，也見證了其悠久的歷史.5.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividualbyoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.ANSWER:語言是人類智慧的產物，通過運作被每個個體重新建構，而這種運作是遠非意志或意識所及的.精彩文檔實用標準文案6.Itishardtodefinewordinthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreedthatthreesensesareinvolvedindefining“word”,noneofwhich,ofcourse,issatisfactorytocopewithallthesituation.ANSWER:很難從科學意義上定義“單詞”，不過，在定義“單詞”時，人們普遍認同有三個含義應包含其中——當然，它們中任何一個都不能單獨令人滿意地應對所有情況。.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人類早就認識到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內在的，不可避免的。.Meaninghasalwaysbeenacentraltopicinhumanscholarship,thoughthetermsemanticshasonlyahistoryofalittleoverahundredyears.ANSWER:“語義”一直是人類學問的核心議題，盡管“語義學”僅有一百年左右的歷史.精彩文檔實用標準文案.Computerisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformcomplextasksinaveryshorttime.ANSWER:計算機是一種電子機器，它可以根據存放在內存里的一系列程序操控數據，并可以在非常短的時間內完成復雜的任務。10.Ithaslongbeenrecognizedthatlanguageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivencultureandthattheimpactofcultureuponagivenlanguageissomethingintrinsicandindispensable.ANSWER:人類早就認識到，語言是某種特定文化既基本又重要的一部分，所以對某種特定語言的文化沖擊是內在的，不可避免的。VI.Answerandanalyse1、Whatmakeslinguisticsascience?ANSWER:Sincelinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguageitoughttobaseitselfuponthesystematic，investigationoflanguagedatawhichaimsatdiscoveringthetruenatureoflanguageanditsunderlyingsystem.Tomakesenseofthedata，alinguistusuallyhasconceivedsomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructure，tobecheckedagainsttheobservedorobservablefacts.Inordertomakehisanalysisscientific,alinguistisusuallyguidedbyfourprinciples:exhaustiveness,consistency,andobjectivity.精彩文檔實用標準文案Exhaustivenessmeansheshouldgatherallthematerialsrelevanttothestudyandgivethemanadequateexplanationinspiteofthecomplicatedness.Heistoleavenolinguistic“stone”unturned;Consistencymeansthereshouldbenocontradictionbetweendifferentpartsofthetotalstatement;Economymeansalinguistshouldpursuebrevityintheanalysiswhenitispossible;Objectivityimpliesthatsincesomepeoplemaybesubjectiveinthestudyalinguistshouldbe(