專題46.詞義猜測題-上下文中求答案（教師版）-2023屆高三英語總復(fù)習(xí) （通用版）

詞義猜測題——上下文中求答案目標導(dǎo)航目標導(dǎo)航[考查內(nèi)容][設(shè)問方式]根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義是閱讀能力的一部分，也是高考閱讀理解測試中重要的一項。要做好這類題目，考生要記?。涸谕暾恼Z篇中，單詞和詞組的意義總是受特定的語境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根據(jù)上下文，并利用所掌握的語法、詞匯和構(gòu)詞法等知識確定它們的意義。詞義猜測可以是對一個單詞的意義的推斷，也可以是對一個短語或句子的意義的推斷；既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新義，還可以是對替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，而要根據(jù)短文提供的語境，通過閱讀上下文，根據(jù)已知的信息或常識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或短語的含義。Bysayingthat“...”inthefirst(second...)paragraph,theauthormeansthat________.InParagraph...,“...”canbereplacedby“______”．Themeaningof“...”inParagraph...isrelatedto________.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...(Paragraph...)？AsisusedinLine...,theword“...”refersto________.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphprobablymeansthat________.詞義猜測題7大猜詞技巧要做好詞義猜測題，考生除了必須熟練掌握《考試大綱》規(guī)定的詞匯外，在平時的訓(xùn)練中還要注意積累生詞和短語，掌握構(gòu)詞法的基本知識，對于各種前、后綴的變化形式了然于心，還要學(xué)會根據(jù)上下文語境進行合理推測，掌握一定的解題技巧。一根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標點符號，如逗號后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號后的解釋、括號內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：①Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子給予了annealing一個明確的定義，即“退火”。②Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從thatis(也就是說)后的解釋中我們可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。③Theherdsman,_wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.定語從句中l(wèi)ooksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。④Theweatherinthisareaistreacherous;_itssuddenchangesoftenendangerthelivesofsailors.分號后的句子在解釋什么樣的天氣是treacherous,suddenchange與treacherous在語義上相對應(yīng)，因此含義是“突變的”。⑤Somegoodreadersfindithelpfultousetheirsensetovisualize—orpicture—whattheyread.visualize的意思由破折號后的picture(想象)給出了說明，因此含義為“想象”。⑥WhenPresidentTorrijosofPanamametCarter,hetriedtogivehimafriendlyabrazo(hug)．a(chǎn)brazo對大多數(shù)人來說都很陌生，但由括號內(nèi)的hug(擁抱)，我們不難推測abrazo也是“擁抱”的意思。[例1]Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根據(jù)畫線詞所在句子可知，人類社會發(fā)展的很多因素導(dǎo)致許多語言消失，而逐漸被英語、西班牙語、漢語等語言取代，畫線詞前后的解釋暗示了這些語言逐漸占主導(dǎo)地位，故選C項powerful(強大的，有影響力的)。2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國甲卷）C篇節(jié)選Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段劃線詞前文“Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國巡演，但一直渴望進一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest(當她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。由此推知，劃線詞組taketheplunge與trychallengingthings“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近。故選A。二．根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時后面緊跟一個同位語，對前面的詞進行解釋，因此可利用同位關(guān)系對前面的詞義或句意進行猜測。例如：①Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,_alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語部分“alargebuildinginoldtimes”給出了castle的確切詞義，即古時候的“城堡”。②Weareonthenight_shift—frommidnightto8a．m.—thisweek.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。③The“Chunnel”，atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.此句中“atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance”是Chunnel的同位語。因此，Chunnel指的就是英法之間的海底隧道。[例2]IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．provider B．deliverymanC．collector D．medicaldoctor[分析]“avolunteerstemcellcourier”是“PeterHodes”的同位語；根據(jù)文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任務(wù)就是將捐獻者捐獻的干細胞運送給需要的病人，即作者是干細胞遞送員。故選擇B項。2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國乙卷）C篇節(jié)選Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety. B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair. D.Constructionofinfrastructure.C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護上的花費就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C項：Inspectionandrepair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。三．根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進行猜測在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10，”Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前綴inter-(相互的)和active(活動的，活躍的)構(gòu)成的，同時根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是“互動的”。②Perhaps,wecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷possibility的意思是“可能性”。[例]Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,_orworry.[分析]根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識我們可知，un-為否定前綴，-ness為名詞后綴，easy(舒適)為詞根。因此，我們可猜測uneasiness為“不安；擔(dān)憂”之意。四．根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如：①Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠不能再運動”可以推測permanent的意思為“永遠的，永久的”。②Marydidn'tnoticemewhenIcameintotheclassroom,becauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.從前面的結(jié)果“當我走進教室時，瑪麗沒有注意到我”可以推測engrossed的意思為“全神貫注的”。③Ourvisionwasobscuredbythetrees,sowecouldn'tseethelakefromourwindow.由后面的結(jié)果couldn'tsee(看不見)可知，我們的視線被樹遮擋住(obscured)了。[例]…Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert. B．Adrink.C．Acontainer. D．Amachine.[分析]該段第一句含有一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，若滿足該條件，則產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是第一句的后半句和第二句，“youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa‘soft-serve’creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.”即“將冰凍香蕉和其他莓類、水果片放進去，出來的是奶油狀甜品”。由此因果關(guān)系可推知juicer指的是榨汁機。故選擇D項。五．根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測文章中的代詞it,that,he,him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that還可以指代一件事。有時代詞指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找；有時也需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，才能得出代詞所指代的事物。例如：①LikeSchmid,theeditorsofseveralself-publishedartmagazinesalsochampion(捍衛(wèi))foundphotographs.Oneofthem,_calledsimplyFound,wasbornonesnowynightinChicago,whenDavyRothbardreturnedtohiscartofindunderhiswiper(雨刷)anangrynoteintendedforsomeoneelse：“Why'syourcarHEREatHERplace？”them指的是前面出現(xiàn)的self-publishedartmagazines。②However,thequestionthat“moonpeople”askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.it指的是月球人(moonpeople)所問的問題(thequestion)。[例]…[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.[分析]根據(jù)語境可知，畫線詞that指代第二段“Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的內(nèi)容，即爵士樂聽眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡的現(xiàn)狀。故選C。2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考I卷）C篇節(jié)選WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin(開始)”含義相近。故選C。六．根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時會使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個詞的意思。[例]Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.[分析]根據(jù)該段第一句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”可知，作者認為成年人都理解物質(zhì)過剩的那種感覺，后面又用反問句提出了問題：但是，說到孩子們和他們的物品，我們?yōu)槭裁赐ǔＳ终J定moreismore呢？由此推知，這里的moreismore與前面的floodedwith為近義呼應(yīng)，指“越多越好”。故選A。七．根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。例如：①Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;_itcanbeabasketoffun.從分號前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根據(jù)后半句的意思“她今天第一節(jié)課上了一半才來”，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結(jié)論。③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionals,whilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于轉(zhuǎn)折詞“while”引導(dǎo)的兩個分句前后意義相反，我們可推測出amateurs是professionals(專業(yè)人士)的反義詞，意思為“業(yè)余人士，業(yè)余選手”。[例]…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Tested. B．Separated.C．Forcedout. D．Trackeddown.[分析]畫線詞的前句說明在黃石公園和美洲大部分地區(qū)曾有許多的灰狼，連詞but轉(zhuǎn)折了句子意義，后來由于人類的發(fā)展，灰狼數(shù)量逐漸減少，幾乎消失，由此可推斷出畫線詞的意思為“被迫離開”，故選擇C項。2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考全國Ⅱ卷）B篇節(jié)選ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.”以及畫線詞后文“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個講故事的新時代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒有意識到它是新的。對他們來說，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認識到了這一點。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考全國Ⅱ卷）C篇節(jié)選"Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)句中的“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.”（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，something是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑?。根?jù)下文的“IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”（他說，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會更害怕拿起手機。）可知，人們的行為會改變的條件是當Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機們才不會在開車的時候使用手機。故something指代的是法律。故選D。隨堂練習(xí)2021年高考全國甲卷CWhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue—skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫桿）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe!”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear:touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail—thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT—shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances.“Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,”Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.”“Yeah,”Isaid.“Safe.”8.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?A.Hefeltdisappointed. B.Hegaveuphishobby.C.Helikedtheweatherthere. D.Hehaddisagreementswithhisfamily.9.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?A.Becareful! B.Welldone! C.Noway! D.Don'tworry!10.WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?A.Tojointheskateboarding. B.Tomakenewfriends.C.Tolearnmoretricks. D.Torelivehischildhooddays11.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.B.Sportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.C.ChildrenneedasenseofbelongingD.Seeingtheworldisamustforchildren.【分析】本文屬于記敘文。本文講述作者自己的經(jīng)歷，起初搬到倫敦很不適應(yīng)，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結(jié)識了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應(yīng)了。作者回到倫敦之后，經(jīng)常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在與一個玩滑板的孩子打招呼的時候，終于找到了自己久違的熟悉感。8A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.(除了我之外的家里人都很快適應(yīng)這個城市，沒有了我喜愛的沙灘和藍天，我感到迷茫和無措)”可知，作者剛到倫敦的時候因為沒有喜愛的沙灘，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮喪，故選A。9B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義，結(jié)合選項，故選B。10D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,"Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead.“Safe,man.Safe.””(我告訴他：“我20年前經(jīng)常在這里玩滑板，”他緩慢地開始向我點頭：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank這個地方是為了尋找自己玩滑板的回憶，故選D。11C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知，作者起初搬到倫敦很不適應(yīng)，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，結(jié)識了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的適應(yīng)了。但是搬去華盛頓，因為沒有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，幾年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到倫敦之后，經(jīng)常去之前玩滑板的地方尋找自己的回憶，在于一個孩子打招呼的時候，終于找到了自己久違的回憶。通過作者的經(jīng)歷，作者要表達的是，歸屬感對于孩子是很重要的，故選C。2021年高考全國乙卷BWhenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座機）?Thesedaysyou’dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit’snotreallynecessaryandthey’rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor（因素）—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho’veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn’ttheonlyfactor;I’dsayit’salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers. B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions. D.Theircomplexdesign.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?A.Admit. B.Argue.C.Remember. D.Remark.26.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?A.Theylikesmartphonegames. B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers’identity.C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones. D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了澳大利亞使用固定電話的情況，并且表達了固定電話是非必需品的觀點。24B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.(現(xiàn)在你很難在澳大利亞找到15歲以上的沒有手機的人。事實上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手機。幾乎每個人都可以隨時隨地撥打和接聽電話)”可推知，本段主要說明手機在澳大利亞廣受歡迎。故選B項。25A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的上文“OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline(在那些仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人中)”可知，這個調(diào)查的目標人群是仍然有固定電話的澳大利亞人；根據(jù)下文“it'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasasecurityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseofemergencies(固定電話并不是必須的，他們將其作為一種安全保障——19%的人表示他們從未使用過固定電話，另有13%的人保留固定電話以防緊急情況)”可知，很多人認為固定電話并不是必須擁有的，有些人保留固定電話只是為了防止緊急情況。從而推知，在調(diào)查中，他們應(yīng)該是承認了固定電話的非必要性。由此推知，劃線單詞“concede”意為“承認”。故選A項。26C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.(嬰兒潮時代中有84%的人可能已經(jīng)有50年相同的家庭號碼了)”以及文章第五段“Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents(也就是說，老實說，唯一打過我們家電話的人是嬰兒潮一代的父母)”可推知，嬰兒潮時代的人一直用固定電話。故選C項。27B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?(你有多喜歡你的座機？它們還要多久才能走上煤氣路燈和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用類比的方式，使用煤氣路燈以及早晨送牛奶已經(jīng)被淘汰的例子，側(cè)面說明了固定電話總有一天會廢棄的。故選B項。2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考I卷）CWhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigratory(遷徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,lowa,wh